Analysis of the Tobacco Health Campaign Against Cancer in Australia

This report provides a comprehensive overview of the tobacco health campaign against cancer in Australia. It explores the historical context of tobacco use in Australia, the development and implementation of national campaigns, and the various strategies employed to reduce smoking prevalence. The report highlights the impact of these campaigns on public health, including the reduction in smoking rates and the associated decrease in cancer incidence. It also discusses the involvement of governmental and non-governmental organizations, the targeting of specific demographics, and the use of mass media and other channels to disseminate anti-tobacco messages. Furthermore, the report examines the cultural aspects of tobacco use in Australia, including insights from Hofstede's cultural dimensions. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of continued efforts to control tobacco use and prevent cancer, highlighting the need for sustained public health initiatives and policy interventions to protect the health of Australians. The report also includes references to relevant research and literature to support its findings.

Running head: TOBACCO HEALTH CAMPAIGN AGAINST CANCER 1
Tobacco Health Campaign Against Cancer
Name
Institutional Affiliation

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Cancer is one of the most devastating diseases in Australia and the rest of the world at
large. This disease is caused by several factors in the human lifestyle including those which
involve the way one lives his/her life and the kind of behaviors one gets involved in. Cancer
results from exposure to general substances referred to as carcinogens in a conclusive term. This
ranges from tobacco smoking, exposure to radiations among other common causative agents
which are known worldwide. There are different classes of cancers which are classified
according to the places they occur in the body. These include several types among those which
are associated with blood – blood cancer, skin – skin cancer, lung – lung cancer, lymph –
lymphomas among many others. For this particular campaign, tobacco smoking will be the
discussion that contributes to lung cancer in Australian residents (Lopez, 2014).
Tobacco smoking is just a single but one of the biggest causes and preventable instances
which leads to loss of lives and disease-causing factors in Australia. In the year 1998, an
approximate death of about 19000 people in Australia occurred and was attributed to being
caused by tobacco use and smoking. Tobacco smoking was also attributing to a total of about 10
percent disease burdens in Australia during the year 1996 which went through a consistent
decline in the number of men and women who involve in tobacco smoking in 1960s to the 1990s
from about 60 percent males & 30 percent females to 27 percent males & 23 percent females
respectively (Perricone et al., 2016). State and the national jurisdictions in Australia share the
responsibilities in funding and the deliveries made on preventive health services and those
therapies. These contributed to the development of campaigns of tobacco control in the whole
state during the 1980s which has greatly improved and developed to be implemented in the
Australian territories to enhance the tobacco control programs and campaigns. This also attracted
and made an additive action by the non-governmental organizations to undertake this program

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which is a clear indication that shows that tobacco smoking is dangerous for human health. In the
year 1996, the federal minister came up with a brilliant idea of developing competent ways of
increasing measures used for the reduction of smoking prevalence in the whole Australian land.
This led to a cumulative collaboration that enhanced the development of the anti-tobacco
national campaign. This involved the government is putting aside a sum amount of 7 million
dollars in two financial years for the focus of the National Tobacco Campaign to target those
smokers whose age ranges from 18 to 40 years (Stumberg, 2013).
With close coordination between the department of health of Australia and a certain
expert committee advisory’s advice, the national tobacco campaign was eventually launched in
June 1997 which has continuously led most of the campaigns against tobacco smoking in
Australia since that time. The national tobacco campaign as a mass media has been the most
lucrative and an intense way and long lasted anti-tobacco campaign ever seen in Australia since.
This has been supported by a lot of funding for this program campaign by those grants got from
the many other states to enable the full force and working of federal government activities in
advertising (Mamudu, Cairney, & Studlar, 2015).
As seen from the history of the culture of the Australians in smoking tobacco, it is
noticed that it was mostly done in large scale so many years ago and due to the introduction of
the national tobacco campaigns which has made this habit to greatly decline from the past years
when the abuse of tobacco was high. This was so extreme because even the women were
introduced and exposed to tobacco smoking during the time they were also included as the
workforce in agricultural fields. This made the women have large freedom in the usage of
tobacco and this greatly led to the destruction of a lot of lives including those of the unborn
babies since a lot of diseases arise from tobacco. The state territories of tobacco smoking in

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Australia daily are concentrated in the Northern part which has had most of the highest rates in
smoking tobacco. This is because of the individuals who live there in indigenous smoking
prevalence (Minichiello, Lefkowitz, Firestone, Smylie, & Schwartz, 2015).
It is noted that prevalence of smoking tobacco in Australia has been a trending thing in
the Australian data sets where the adults, young adults, older and middle-aged adults, teenagers,
socio-economic status, country of births, people from the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders,
other subgroups of high risk in the population, smoking among professionals in the health sector
and the Australian territory and state at large involve in the smoking of tobacco products of
different types (Hossain, Yuginovich, Lambden, Gibson, & Allen, 2014). All these kind of group
of people in Australia has been involved in one or other ways of trends in the consumption of
tobacco in the following ways mentioned below and estimated trade data and production as the
basis used to estimate tobacco consumption: reported self-measures for the consumption of
tobacco, those of the tobacco expenditure production, industrial sales, per capita consumption
about other states. The consumption of tobacco in Australia overtime through smoking has been
changing between the people who participate in the smoking aspects due to several factors
including the affordability of tobacco and its products which are mainly driven by the trends in
economic status, pricing of the industries and the custom duties from the government not
forgetting the exercise duties, this also includes the taxes and other charges which are incurred
when dealing with these kind of products, another factor affecting the consumption of tobacco is
that of the characteristics of smokers who continue to do the smoking and those who find it easy
to quit, the policies which are imposed by the government on the consumption of tobacco, social
factors which includes those of raising the awareness to the public on the health-related risks on
the consumptions and the effects smoking brings to destroy public tolerance about being exposed

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to tobacco. Another important factor is the marketing practices of the industries and companies
such as the involvement in the promotion of such products to the general public which leads to
collectively increased habits of smoking and smoking resumption (Primack, Land, Fan, Kim, &
Rosen, 2013).
This campaign is very important and a key feature in lucratively helping in the reduction
and total removal of loss of lives that come across when people involve in smoking tobacco. It is
found that this behavior of smoking tobacco is accompanied by a lot of health defect and
negative impacts on the health sector as it poses a great challenge to solving issues of disease
conditions. Those involved in both direct and second-hand smoking commonly known as passive
smokers undergo serous health effects which when not controlled and managed appropriately,
can lead to deaths of many people of different age groups regardless of where that person comes
from. Smoking is closely related to heart diseases, respiratory diseases, cancer at large, lung
cancer, reproductive health defects, smoking also affects pregnancy through the maternal health,
an increased infection susceptibility of smokers, eye diseases, diseases of the gastrointestinal,
musculoskeletal diseases, tobacco poisoning, diabetes, skin defects, autoimmune disease and
involved inflammatory conditions, smoking and accidents, loss of function due to a low and poor
quality of the lived life, genetically influenced and caused diseases among many others. All these
problems are generally reduced or avoided through this campaign against tobacco smoking and
therefore it enlightens the citizen who lives in Australia on the importance of this program and
also to provide them with adequate knowledge if not the basics on how the actions of tobacco in
the body can lead to serious health problems if not controlled (Rink & Shariat, 2014).
In Australia, there are ethnic groups that are involved in a higher percentage of smoking
habits and are of high prevalence and highly recognized with a varied level of the languages

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being used including those who use English and other eight non-English languages used. The
strategy aspect for such people involves obtaining information on the social and culturally based
aspects of smoking in a particular community and conducting quality research for the particular
group with a selected language that is widely recognized. This is done by advertisements made
on ethnic radios and press advertising, bold recognized imagery and strong television visual
advertisement narratives and this greatly discourages members of a particular community or even
a family from continuing to use the tobacco in smoking during the campaign period (Rosenthal,
2014).
According to Hofstede’s insights, the culture of the Australians can be classified as that
of indulgence as compared to other counties. It is noted that for this particular case, Australia has
a score of 71 as it is shown by the fact that according to how small children were raised in the
past, it is shown that they could get to control their desires depending on how they were or are
raised. Based on the same insights of Hofstede, Australia exhibits a fundamental aspect of
individualism with a score of 90 and hence a highly individualized culture. This is shown how
people spend time looking after themselves and their immediate families on the terms defined as
“I” or “We” because they belong to groups that usually take care of themselves in place of
loyalty (Huang & Crotts, 2019).
In conclusion, the national tobacco campaign against cancer situation in Australia is
aimed at reducing the smoking rates through a strategy of non-tobacco campaigns since it is the
longest and campaigns of the public health which has reduced smoking in adults by 3.7 percent
in five years. It is important since tobacco has led to many preventable deaths and disabilities,
killing several individuals and negatively affecting the social, economic and health costs at large.
This program also helps in the betterment of the health of the Australians and to reduce the

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financial costs Australia incur in the health system. The campaign is aiming to discourage most
people from smoking, put in place the strong policies to control tobacco use and to a larger
extent in changing the community attitude towards smoking through television advertisements,
digital applications, materials of social media, different language resources, forming partnerships
with organizations of the mental health, DVDs for prisons and finally to provide programs
appropriate for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and women who are pregnant. This
greatly helps in tackling issues to with smoking among the indigenous groups in Australia and
also help in not perceiving the fact that tobacco problem has come to an end due to the control it
is given but to make sure that policymakers and the public ensure that these achievements are
upheld and many lives saved.

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References
Hossain, D., Yuginovich, T., Lambden, J., Gibson, M., & Allen, R. (2014). Impact of Red
Apple Healthy Lifestyles Programme on healthy eating behaviour of low socio-
economic participants in rural and regional communities in Australia. International
Journal of Health Promotion and Education, 53(3), 136-146.
Huang, S. (., & Crotts, J. (2019). Relationships between Hofstede's cultural dimensions and
tourist satisfaction: A cross-country cross-sample examination. Tourism
Management, 72, 232-241.
Lopez, N. E. (2014). Borderline resectable pancreatic cancer: Definitions and management.
World Journal of Gastroenterology, 20(31), 10740.
Mamudu, H., Cairney, P., & Studlar, D. (2015). Global public policy: does the new venue for
transnational tobacco control challenge the old way of doing things? Public
Administration, 93(4), 856-873.
Minichiello, A., Lefkowitz, A. R., Firestone, M., Smylie, J. K., & Schwartz, R. (2015).
Effective strategies to reduce commercial tobacco use in Indigenous communities
globally: A systematic review. BMC Public Health, 16(1).
Perricone, C., Versini, M., Ben-Ami, D., Gertel, S., Watad, A., Segel, M. J., …
Shoenfeld, Y. (2016). Smoke and autoimmunity: The fire behind the disease.
Autoimmunity Reviews, 15(4), 354-374.
Primack, B. A., Land, S. R., Fan, J., Kim, K. H., & Rosen, D. (2013). Associations of Mental
Health Problems with Waterpipe Tobacco and Cigarette Smoking Among College
Students. Substance Use & Misuse, 48(3), 211-219.

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Rink, M., & Shariat, S. F. (2014). Re: Global Effects of Smoking, of Quitting, and of Taxing
Tobacco. European Urology, 66(1), 176-178.
Rosenthal, T. (2014). The effect of migration on hypertension and other cardiovascular risk
factors: A review. Journal of the American Society of Hypertension, 8(3), 171-191.
Stumberg, R. (2013). Safeguards for Tobacco Control: Options for the TPPA. American
Journal of Law & Medicine, 39(2-3), 382-441.