Tour Operations Management Report
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AI Summary
This report delves into the tour operations management sector, examining recent trends, stages in developing holiday packages, and strategic decisions made by tour operators. It highlights the importance of understanding customer needs and preferences while evaluating the competitive landscape in the tourism industry. The report also discusses the design and planning of promotional materials, emphasizing the role of digital marketing in enhancing customer engagement and satisfaction.

TOUR OPERATIONS
MANAGEMENT
1
MANAGEMENT
1
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
1.1 Examination of recent trends and developments in tour operations industry..................3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................5
2.1 Stages and timescales in developing holiday packages....................................................5
2.2 Evaluation of different components of the holiday .........................................................6
2.3 Cost of components of holiday package and calculation of selling price........................7
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................7
3.1 Design and plan brochure and evaluation process and planning decisions......................7
3.2 Analysis and evaluation of non traditional methods of distribution...............................10
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................11
4.1 Analysis of emerging trends in UK tour operations and evaluation of competitors......11
4.2 Differences between tactical and strategic decisions.....................................................12
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................13
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................14
2
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
1.1 Examination of recent trends and developments in tour operations industry..................3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................5
2.1 Stages and timescales in developing holiday packages....................................................5
2.2 Evaluation of different components of the holiday .........................................................6
2.3 Cost of components of holiday package and calculation of selling price........................7
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................7
3.1 Design and plan brochure and evaluation process and planning decisions......................7
3.2 Analysis and evaluation of non traditional methods of distribution...............................10
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................11
4.1 Analysis of emerging trends in UK tour operations and evaluation of competitors......11
4.2 Differences between tactical and strategic decisions.....................................................12
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................13
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................14
2

INTRODUCTION
Tour operations sector objectives is to investigate the travel and tourism industry which
involve the various types of operator, their goods and services, the scale of the sector and their
impacts on tends and development. In this sector the tour operator is the one who arrange the
transport, accommodation and leisure activities which make up the holiday packages. It has a
massive impact on the tourism industry as on holidays is available if they are not exist (Davies
and Downward ,2007). In this report also the discussion is about on the recent trends and
development in the tour operations industry and also identifies the stages and timescale in
developing holiday with that also evaluate the strategic decisions made by various types of tour
operators. Hence the following task has been cover in this report. In this report a holiday package
to Africa a leading tourist destination will be provided. The majority of Africa is in the tropics
and except for the peaks of mountains in the Great Rift Valley. Africa is globe second largest and
populous place with population with 1.1 billion. There are many leading destination in Africa
such as Marrakech, Cape Town, Cairo, Tenerife, Knysna, Fes, Victoria falls, Fran Canaria etc.
Total 54 nations are part of Africa. The tourism sector is major source of gross domestic income
of the nation. In the present report, the major focus can be given on providing holiday package
to Cape Town which is a coastal city n South Africa. It is attractive place with beautiful beaches
like, Fish Hoek. Boulders beach Penguin colony, Clifton etc. The destination is also famous for
3
Tour operations sector objectives is to investigate the travel and tourism industry which
involve the various types of operator, their goods and services, the scale of the sector and their
impacts on tends and development. In this sector the tour operator is the one who arrange the
transport, accommodation and leisure activities which make up the holiday packages. It has a
massive impact on the tourism industry as on holidays is available if they are not exist (Davies
and Downward ,2007). In this report also the discussion is about on the recent trends and
development in the tour operations industry and also identifies the stages and timescale in
developing holiday with that also evaluate the strategic decisions made by various types of tour
operators. Hence the following task has been cover in this report. In this report a holiday package
to Africa a leading tourist destination will be provided. The majority of Africa is in the tropics
and except for the peaks of mountains in the Great Rift Valley. Africa is globe second largest and
populous place with population with 1.1 billion. There are many leading destination in Africa
such as Marrakech, Cape Town, Cairo, Tenerife, Knysna, Fes, Victoria falls, Fran Canaria etc.
Total 54 nations are part of Africa. The tourism sector is major source of gross domestic income
of the nation. In the present report, the major focus can be given on providing holiday package
to Cape Town which is a coastal city n South Africa. It is attractive place with beautiful beaches
like, Fish Hoek. Boulders beach Penguin colony, Clifton etc. The destination is also famous for
3
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its natural beauty and reserves like, Kirstenbosch, Hottentots Holland Mountains and vineyards
like, Groot Constantia, Constantia etc.
TASK 1
1.1 Examination of recent trends and developments in tour operations industry
The recent trends and development through which the tour operations industry can
undergo while offering its holiday to Africa undergone are as follows:
Greater flexibility of booking, internet, teletext and call centres: these facilities are the
key changes of the people’s life. Booking over the internet, teletext and various services
make the people lives so easy and these call centres which are running all 24 hours a day
affect the day to day operations of the travel business as more and more people are using
the internet rather going to travel agents for their services which makes them losing the
money. But by providing the services over the internet travel industry starts growing and
also save the time of the customer to visit at their place (Wang, 2007).
More independent travelling: nowadays, it has been notice that independent traveller are
more people which use the internet for searching the cheaper holidays, organising the
lights and accommodation separately. This affect the travel industry as more and more
people are travelling independently for things like business trips and trips for mountain
biking, in which tour operators lose money because more people are book their journey
with other centres. Spa is very important term for tour operators which stands for Salus
per Aquam, it means health by water. The passengers are always taken care of water
during travelling, hot and cold water both are effective them and create illness. Use of hot
or cold water both are depends on the weather that there is cold environment or hot
environment. Long haul means travelling for long period and distance, it refers for period
of long months or years rather than few months, weeks, days etc. Some companies which
are provided long travelling services to the consumers that is known as long haul
travelling. Volunteering is another part as well as new opportunities for the travel and
tourism industry. In travelling concern people who are ready to provide services and hope
to do new and something innovative than it will be beneficial for the consumers of
travelling. Apart from these all the adventure is plays very integral role in travel and
tourism sector, in this the company makes trips at adventurous destinations. For making
4
like, Groot Constantia, Constantia etc.
TASK 1
1.1 Examination of recent trends and developments in tour operations industry
The recent trends and development through which the tour operations industry can
undergo while offering its holiday to Africa undergone are as follows:
Greater flexibility of booking, internet, teletext and call centres: these facilities are the
key changes of the people’s life. Booking over the internet, teletext and various services
make the people lives so easy and these call centres which are running all 24 hours a day
affect the day to day operations of the travel business as more and more people are using
the internet rather going to travel agents for their services which makes them losing the
money. But by providing the services over the internet travel industry starts growing and
also save the time of the customer to visit at their place (Wang, 2007).
More independent travelling: nowadays, it has been notice that independent traveller are
more people which use the internet for searching the cheaper holidays, organising the
lights and accommodation separately. This affect the travel industry as more and more
people are travelling independently for things like business trips and trips for mountain
biking, in which tour operators lose money because more people are book their journey
with other centres. Spa is very important term for tour operators which stands for Salus
per Aquam, it means health by water. The passengers are always taken care of water
during travelling, hot and cold water both are effective them and create illness. Use of hot
or cold water both are depends on the weather that there is cold environment or hot
environment. Long haul means travelling for long period and distance, it refers for period
of long months or years rather than few months, weeks, days etc. Some companies which
are provided long travelling services to the consumers that is known as long haul
travelling. Volunteering is another part as well as new opportunities for the travel and
tourism industry. In travelling concern people who are ready to provide services and hope
to do new and something innovative than it will be beneficial for the consumers of
travelling. Apart from these all the adventure is plays very integral role in travel and
tourism sector, in this the company makes trips at adventurous destinations. For making
4
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this type of trips tour operator takes high risks as well as they required skilled and
physically strong passengers.
Growth and expansion of regional airports: the growth of regional airport has increased
as little airports are start up with the very low prices. This will promote the people to
explore more places by making the booking through internet from the tour operators
(Dodds and Kuehnel, 2010).
The tour industry is quite easy process because their role, activities and form have changes fast
and with this life of the peoples get affect extremely. They also design type of packages for the
customer according to their conveniences in which include the mode of travel and their fair
charges or it may be based on the twin transport packages such as fly which is quite popular in
the tourist that are interested in taking trip to Cape town.
TASK 2
2.1 Stages and timescales in developing holiday packages
Activities/ duration in
years
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
Analysis of destination and
market
Conducting a research and
survey
Collection of primary and
secondary data
Collection of facts and
figures from various sources
Present on management and
Estimating budgets
5
physically strong passengers.
Growth and expansion of regional airports: the growth of regional airport has increased
as little airports are start up with the very low prices. This will promote the people to
explore more places by making the booking through internet from the tour operators
(Dodds and Kuehnel, 2010).
The tour industry is quite easy process because their role, activities and form have changes fast
and with this life of the peoples get affect extremely. They also design type of packages for the
customer according to their conveniences in which include the mode of travel and their fair
charges or it may be based on the twin transport packages such as fly which is quite popular in
the tourist that are interested in taking trip to Cape town.
TASK 2
2.1 Stages and timescales in developing holiday packages
Activities/ duration in
years
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
Analysis of destination and
market
Conducting a research and
survey
Collection of primary and
secondary data
Collection of facts and
figures from various sources
Present on management and
Estimating budgets
5

Taking pricing decisions for
tour
Offer holiday package
In order to develop the holiday’s packages for beaches and wildlife holidays the following stages
are required to consider which are as follows:
To develop the holiday packages for beaches the tourist operator is need to make research
about the destinations and market by identify the interest area of the customers. With the
deep research the operator find key beaches destinations and their alternatives which help
to satisfy the customer most (Sigala ,2008).
Third step involve negotiations with tourism suppliers and vendors so that the tour
planner work with vendors and plan the things as per the nature and size of packages. The
major ones are airlines, transport operators, car rentals services and sightseeing vendors
also included.
The main steps which includes the costing of the package tour. They are determining the
cost of the total expenses incurred so that tour package develops accordingly. Tour
operators always focus to create the package at reasonable amount with good quality
services so that maximum customer get attracted and repeat their visit to the tour
company.
The next step involves marketing of the tour packages in order to aware the customers
about their services. For that they use brochures and sites through their access they ask
visitors to about their suggestions also so that they make changes accordingly.
Last step is the operations and executions of a tour is very crucial helps the customers to
provide the services and allow them to make an experiences by receiving a feedback from
them. So that improvement can be done in the packages (Jin and Song, 2012).
2.2 Evaluation of different components of the holiday
There are the various elements of the holiday packages for Cape Town different types of
tour operators must consider when developing the holidays packages. It involves two
components .Transport and accommodations, tourist services or activity is directly connected
with this in order to pre-arrange and is sold at an inclusive price which is affordable for them. To
6
tour
Offer holiday package
In order to develop the holiday’s packages for beaches and wildlife holidays the following stages
are required to consider which are as follows:
To develop the holiday packages for beaches the tourist operator is need to make research
about the destinations and market by identify the interest area of the customers. With the
deep research the operator find key beaches destinations and their alternatives which help
to satisfy the customer most (Sigala ,2008).
Third step involve negotiations with tourism suppliers and vendors so that the tour
planner work with vendors and plan the things as per the nature and size of packages. The
major ones are airlines, transport operators, car rentals services and sightseeing vendors
also included.
The main steps which includes the costing of the package tour. They are determining the
cost of the total expenses incurred so that tour package develops accordingly. Tour
operators always focus to create the package at reasonable amount with good quality
services so that maximum customer get attracted and repeat their visit to the tour
company.
The next step involves marketing of the tour packages in order to aware the customers
about their services. For that they use brochures and sites through their access they ask
visitors to about their suggestions also so that they make changes accordingly.
Last step is the operations and executions of a tour is very crucial helps the customers to
provide the services and allow them to make an experiences by receiving a feedback from
them. So that improvement can be done in the packages (Jin and Song, 2012).
2.2 Evaluation of different components of the holiday
There are the various elements of the holiday packages for Cape Town different types of
tour operators must consider when developing the holidays packages. It involves two
components .Transport and accommodations, tourist services or activity is directly connected
with this in order to pre-arrange and is sold at an inclusive price which is affordable for them. To
6
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develop the holiday packages for the customers it is essential for the operator firstly to identify
the size and nature of the package and then decide their vendors and contractors in order to make
agreements. These are car rentals, lodging companies, airlines, transport operators or sightseeing
vendors etc. the tour operators is required making a positive interaction with them so that they
develop the relationship with each other and provide quality services to customers that make
benefit to both the parties equally. Different tour operators have different contracts and facilities
to attract more number of consumers. In order to this a tour operator which provide more
services, while another tour while another tour operator provide fewer facilities in same price
then previous operator get more customers. Terms and conditions as well as contracts of
travelling are better, is able to enhance consumers in comparison to another. Hence, contracts are
various with travel companies. For example: a company fix price according to number of
destinations while another company fix price on the basis of number of seats and duration of tour
etc.
2.3 Cost of components of holiday package and calculation of selling price
Cost is the expenses which are incurred and with this the prices of the product and
services are fix. At tourist companies cost is identify with the tourism products that is tour
packages. Therefore, the cost of a tour package can be determined as per the clients, market
requirements or companies strategies. In this cost sheet is designed to show the total cost
structure along with the breakup of individual cost elements. It gives an idea about the cost
margin is to be fixed. In this industry no specific approach is followed, it’s totally depending
upon the size of the package and accordingly cost is estimated by going through the numbers of
services which are involved in that trip. Tour operator should be adopt step by step approaches of
costing for tour packages to Cape Town because the cost is the basis for the determination of
right amount of profit and it is the biggest challenge for the tour planner to handle. After
deciding the cost the essential step is to make fix a price for the packages for which they look on
exchange rates, estimates future selling prices and finalizes tour prices. The planner has to
finalize the plan structure within the ten moths or before the departure of a tour (Clerides,
Nearchou and Pashardes, 2008). Apart from the usual hazards they need to determine the tour
price in advance so that evaluate the financial risks such as foreign exchange, for payment of
airlines, hotels and other destinations agencies. However it is also notice that the various other
7
the size and nature of the package and then decide their vendors and contractors in order to make
agreements. These are car rentals, lodging companies, airlines, transport operators or sightseeing
vendors etc. the tour operators is required making a positive interaction with them so that they
develop the relationship with each other and provide quality services to customers that make
benefit to both the parties equally. Different tour operators have different contracts and facilities
to attract more number of consumers. In order to this a tour operator which provide more
services, while another tour while another tour operator provide fewer facilities in same price
then previous operator get more customers. Terms and conditions as well as contracts of
travelling are better, is able to enhance consumers in comparison to another. Hence, contracts are
various with travel companies. For example: a company fix price according to number of
destinations while another company fix price on the basis of number of seats and duration of tour
etc.
2.3 Cost of components of holiday package and calculation of selling price
Cost is the expenses which are incurred and with this the prices of the product and
services are fix. At tourist companies cost is identify with the tourism products that is tour
packages. Therefore, the cost of a tour package can be determined as per the clients, market
requirements or companies strategies. In this cost sheet is designed to show the total cost
structure along with the breakup of individual cost elements. It gives an idea about the cost
margin is to be fixed. In this industry no specific approach is followed, it’s totally depending
upon the size of the package and accordingly cost is estimated by going through the numbers of
services which are involved in that trip. Tour operator should be adopt step by step approaches of
costing for tour packages to Cape Town because the cost is the basis for the determination of
right amount of profit and it is the biggest challenge for the tour planner to handle. After
deciding the cost the essential step is to make fix a price for the packages for which they look on
exchange rates, estimates future selling prices and finalizes tour prices. The planner has to
finalize the plan structure within the ten moths or before the departure of a tour (Clerides,
Nearchou and Pashardes, 2008). Apart from the usual hazards they need to determine the tour
price in advance so that evaluate the financial risks such as foreign exchange, for payment of
airlines, hotels and other destinations agencies. However it is also notice that the various other
7
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tour operators are fix the prices which reflect market demand at different periods of the year and
there is no equal distribution of overheads that is administrative costs.
TASK 3
3.1 Design and plan brochure and evaluation process and planning decisions
In Today’s Era companies is more emphasis on the creativity, which is also applicable on
the brochures making when it is design to promote the tourism packages. To make the Boucher
more attractive following things are need to consider in that.
Space: overcrowding brochure with unclear text is a huge mistake. Too much text makes
over power the images and it presents as a blur picture which makes a negative impression on the
persons. To make it more attractive the company needs to take professional help in and provide
the quality to the customers for which they are looking (Dodds and Kuehnel, 2010).
Colour: colour of the brochure is the one which is notice by the peoples at lot and ii is
important to set the colour which also considers the white space. In addition graphic designers
should be hire in order to present the brochure in a clean and easy manner.
Size and format: There are lots of great designs to choose if the company is not afraid to
showcase new to the customers. In Boucher with size, paper quality is important as with this only
person can get an idea about the company services quality. So it is necessary for the organisation
to use correct format with right size in order to make convince the customers about their
services.
PACKAGE FOR CAPETOWN TRIP
Come in Capetown for its beauty, its elegance,
and his beautiful beaches.
Cape Town voted and awarded as best city of
globe by Telegraph readers. The famous places
of cited destination are
- Cape Wheel
- Boulders beach in Simons town
8
there is no equal distribution of overheads that is administrative costs.
TASK 3
3.1 Design and plan brochure and evaluation process and planning decisions
In Today’s Era companies is more emphasis on the creativity, which is also applicable on
the brochures making when it is design to promote the tourism packages. To make the Boucher
more attractive following things are need to consider in that.
Space: overcrowding brochure with unclear text is a huge mistake. Too much text makes
over power the images and it presents as a blur picture which makes a negative impression on the
persons. To make it more attractive the company needs to take professional help in and provide
the quality to the customers for which they are looking (Dodds and Kuehnel, 2010).
Colour: colour of the brochure is the one which is notice by the peoples at lot and ii is
important to set the colour which also considers the white space. In addition graphic designers
should be hire in order to present the brochure in a clean and easy manner.
Size and format: There are lots of great designs to choose if the company is not afraid to
showcase new to the customers. In Boucher with size, paper quality is important as with this only
person can get an idea about the company services quality. So it is necessary for the organisation
to use correct format with right size in order to make convince the customers about their
services.
PACKAGE FOR CAPETOWN TRIP
Come in Capetown for its beauty, its elegance,
and his beautiful beaches.
Cape Town voted and awarded as best city of
globe by Telegraph readers. The famous places
of cited destination are
- Cape Wheel
- Boulders beach in Simons town
8

-False Bay Beaches
South Atlantic Beaches
Table Bay Beaches
Atlantic Seaboard Beaches
Cape Helderberg Beaches
It famous relaxation and peaceful places as
- Camps Bay
Hout bay
finally for it beautiful gardens as:
- Kirstenbosch
- The Company 's Garden
Vineyards
There are very different vineyards in Cape
Town like Rust en Vrede, Vergelegen , La
Temperature
It’s preferable to go in late January to late
April, because there is sun and there is end of
9
South Atlantic Beaches
Table Bay Beaches
Atlantic Seaboard Beaches
Cape Helderberg Beaches
It famous relaxation and peaceful places as
- Camps Bay
Hout bay
finally for it beautiful gardens as:
- Kirstenbosch
- The Company 's Garden
Vineyards
There are very different vineyards in Cape
Town like Rust en Vrede, Vergelegen , La
Temperature
It’s preferable to go in late January to late
April, because there is sun and there is end of
9
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Motte, Boekenhoutskloof etc. dry summer month. This time attract maximum
travellers looking for beach holiday.
10
travellers looking for beach holiday.
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Transportations
If you are sea seek then you come here and
explore the place.
3.2 Analysis and evaluation of non traditional methods of distribution
Tourism promotion indicates stimulating sales through the dissemination of information.
It means trying to convince the potential customers to travel at their desire locations. For that
there are various promotion and communication elements present for the recent era besides
brochures. These are online marketing in which sending emails to customers make them aware
about the services that are available in Cape Town. Other than that social networking site is one
of the most accessible site which is the best way to promote the services and their quality to the
customers basically the main objective to use the promotion techniques is to make the tourist
products widely known, to make it very attractive in order to encourage many people to try it and
to make message attractive without being honest (Sigala, 2008). Good promotion always
communicates the message properly and allows the customer to think and make decision for the
usage of services. Thus, it is notice that more than the brochures, digital marketing has a great
impact on the customers as persons are more involve in internet or social sites which helps the
11
If you are sea seek then you come here and
explore the place.
3.2 Analysis and evaluation of non traditional methods of distribution
Tourism promotion indicates stimulating sales through the dissemination of information.
It means trying to convince the potential customers to travel at their desire locations. For that
there are various promotion and communication elements present for the recent era besides
brochures. These are online marketing in which sending emails to customers make them aware
about the services that are available in Cape Town. Other than that social networking site is one
of the most accessible site which is the best way to promote the services and their quality to the
customers basically the main objective to use the promotion techniques is to make the tourist
products widely known, to make it very attractive in order to encourage many people to try it and
to make message attractive without being honest (Sigala, 2008). Good promotion always
communicates the message properly and allows the customer to think and make decision for the
usage of services. Thus, it is notice that more than the brochures, digital marketing has a great
impact on the customers as persons are more involve in internet or social sites which helps the
11

tourist planner to access them easily. With the help of these techniques, tourism of Cape Town
can be enhanced.
As above discussed about the various different method which are use to communicate
and promote the services by various operators. It is now important to find the usages of these
elements for selling the holidays packages (Davies and Downward, 2007).
Websites: It is a location which is connected to the internet that maintains one or more
web page. It is the best place to showcase the images, information related destination to
the customers.
E-mail: It is the messages which are distributed by the electronic means from one
computers user to one or more through networking. Through email the tourist company
can share the offers, schemes also in order to attract them.
Social networking sites: These sites are the most accessible sites through which most
people visit regularly. It is one of the best platforms to get the customer taste and
preferences so that improvement can be done accordingly.
Billboards: billboards are the elements which get the attention of the customers easily and
allow the customers to notice the ad and start thinking about the products which are
offering.
Application through mobile: Now a day’s tourism planner introduces various applications
in mobile phones so that customer get download them and create an interest and try to
develop into an action.
TASK 4
4.1 Analysis of emerging trends in UK tour operations and evaluation of competitors
As a senior manger I evaluate the trends of the tour operating companies and then find
the current trends which are emerging in Cape Town that is eco- tourism because country has
various beaches, reserves, gardens and natural places which highlight the rich the environment
beauty that is existing there and must be protected. In Cape Town various tourism companies
like Thompson, Thomas cook who makes various strategies for preparing the holidays packages
for the employees in order to motivate them and help them to release their stress. Theses
company to promote the culture and ozone-friendly tourism of target destination plan the
holiday packages (Guo, and He ,2012).In their trip packages various monuments, historical
12
can be enhanced.
As above discussed about the various different method which are use to communicate
and promote the services by various operators. It is now important to find the usages of these
elements for selling the holidays packages (Davies and Downward, 2007).
Websites: It is a location which is connected to the internet that maintains one or more
web page. It is the best place to showcase the images, information related destination to
the customers.
E-mail: It is the messages which are distributed by the electronic means from one
computers user to one or more through networking. Through email the tourist company
can share the offers, schemes also in order to attract them.
Social networking sites: These sites are the most accessible sites through which most
people visit regularly. It is one of the best platforms to get the customer taste and
preferences so that improvement can be done accordingly.
Billboards: billboards are the elements which get the attention of the customers easily and
allow the customers to notice the ad and start thinking about the products which are
offering.
Application through mobile: Now a day’s tourism planner introduces various applications
in mobile phones so that customer get download them and create an interest and try to
develop into an action.
TASK 4
4.1 Analysis of emerging trends in UK tour operations and evaluation of competitors
As a senior manger I evaluate the trends of the tour operating companies and then find
the current trends which are emerging in Cape Town that is eco- tourism because country has
various beaches, reserves, gardens and natural places which highlight the rich the environment
beauty that is existing there and must be protected. In Cape Town various tourism companies
like Thompson, Thomas cook who makes various strategies for preparing the holidays packages
for the employees in order to motivate them and help them to release their stress. Theses
company to promote the culture and ozone-friendly tourism of target destination plan the
holiday packages (Guo, and He ,2012).In their trip packages various monuments, historical
12
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