Analyzing Issues, Trends, and Responses in Travel and Tourism

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of the travel and tourism sector, examining the various factors that drive change within the industry. It begins with an introduction to the concepts of travel and tourism, defining key terms and outlining the scope of the sector. The report then delves into the current issues affecting the industry, including technological advancements, socio-cultural impacts, and economic factors like inflation. It analyzes these issues using appropriate methods and resources, with specific focus on the impact of sports events, taxation policies, safety measures, natural calamities, and disease outbreaks. Furthermore, the report evaluates current trends, develops strategies for travel and tourism businesses to respond positively to change, and analyzes the impacts of issues and trends, as well as the likely consequences of businesses failing to adapt to market changes. The analysis covers both domestic and international tourism, and discusses the role of various service companies such as transportation and hospitality. The report highlights the importance of safety measures, government policies, and technological advancements in shaping the future of the travel and tourism sector. Finally, it offers insights into how businesses can adapt and thrive in a dynamic market.

Table of Contents
Introduction.................................................................................................................................................2
Task 1 ..........................................................................................................................................................4
1.1 Issues currently driving change in the travel and tourism sector.......................................................4
1.2 Analyse different current issues using appropriate methods and resources.....................................5
Task 2...........................................................................................................................................................9
2.1 Evaluation of the current trend influencing change in the travel and tourism sector.......................9
2.2 Analysis a current trend using appropriate technique and resources................................................9
Task 3.........................................................................................................................................................12
3.1 Analysis on travel and tourism respond towards change. ...............................................................12
3.2 Develop strategies for travel and tourism sector to respond positively in respect to change.........14
3.3 Justify strategies for how selected Travel and Tourism businesses could respond to change.........14
Task 4.........................................................................................................................................................16
4.1 Analyse the impacts of issues and trends that drive change in the travel and tourism sector........16
4.2 Discuss the likely consequences of businesses failing to respond to market changes. ...................16
Conclusion.................................................................................................................................................18
References.................................................................................................................................................19
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Introduction
What travel is? : - Movement from one place to another between different geographical locations
is known as Travel. Travel can include by foot, bicycle, Train, Airplane, Ship or any other means
of transport with or without luggage for a short or long period of time.
The word Travel comes from Old French word “Travail”.
The reasons of travel includes, Tourism, vacations, research, migration, mission, business, trade,
war, enjoyment etc. Travel leads to relaxations, discoveries, exploration and helps in knowing
more cultures.
Travel can be done by many means of transportation based on factors like: - for health purpose
or to stay fit travel can be done by foot or bicycle, to reach office – travel can be done via public
transport like buses, trains etc. or private transports like bike and car, for research – via airplanes
etc.
What Tourism is? : - Travel for the purpose of recreation, religious, family or business for a
limited time period. Generally it is associated with international travel, but also includes travel
from one place to another in the same country. Tourism is the global activity. Tourism can be
domestic as well as international. Today tourism is the major source of income for many
countries and plays an important role in their economies.
Who are Tourists? : - Those peoples who can travel and staying for a period of time outside from
their routine or basic environment for the purpose of a vacations, business or some other
purposes. There are lot many service companies which get benefit from the tourism like: -
Transportation Services: - Airlines, buses, cabs, etc. Hospitality Services such as: -
Accommodations like Hotels and resorts, Enjoyment venues likes parks, casinos, shopping malls
etc. By purchasing something whiles their trips or tourism is the additional benefit given by them
to host country.
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United Nation identifies three forms of tourism in 1994: -
Domestic tourism: - It includes travel within the country from one place to another which
involves residents of their country.
Inbound tourism: - It includes traveling to the country by the non-residents.
Outbound tourism: - It includes travelling to another country by the residents. (Cooper C and
Hall M, 2008).
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Task 1
1.1 Issues currently driving change in the travel and tourism sector.
There are lot many current issues in the travel and tourism sector which can affect it. Some of
them are as follows: -
Technological Factor: -
Technological factor is most likely same as the travel and tourism sector it keeps on changing
and updating itself. Updated technology helps in getting updated with the world in the easiest
way. For example: - Earlier we use to visit the Travel agency for booking their tour or took the
help of the agents to get the better services. These activities consume lots of time as well as
money of the tourist. Nowadays due to upgrade in technology tourist can done their booking
activities from anywhere, select the better services by their own remove the factor of agents
which reduces their costs and time. With the use of latest technology companies can present
themselves in front of global.
Socio Culture:
Socio culture is that factor on which lots of tourist failed to pay attention. Due to negligence they
hurt the resident unintentionally like in many Muslim countries where lots of rules and
regulations were placed. Tourist can mistakenly break the rules because they are not much aware
about their rules and regulations. So it is necessary for everyone whether it is resident or a tourist
to co-operate with each other and create an environment where no one gets hurt.
Inflation: -
Inflation has a negative relation with tourism industry. As the inflation increases the tourism
industry gets decreases. Because due to increase in inflation the cost of all the sources like
accommodation facilities, transportations facilities get high which affects the pocket of the
tourist. If the rates are high and tourist has to pay more for his trip then it is obvious that tourist
industry will surely get affected. Due to the inflation price of each and every thing get increased
like fuel prices (increase in transportation cost), Food (increase in price of restaurant),
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accommodation facilities get expensive etc. So we can say that Inflation is the factor which
directly affects (or hit) the tourism market. (Fusco Girard, L. and Nijkamp, P., 2009).
1.2 Analyse different current issues using appropriate methods and resources.
As per the surveys and the records from the airport clearly stated that below are the current
issues in UK which can affect the travel and tourism sector in various ways.
Sports Events:
Sports events include activities like World Cups, Olympics, etc. These types of activities provide
two different types of tourism to the host country. One who loves sports and visit that country to
support the sports activity whereas other type of group visit the country for the vacation or
business or some other purposes which is completely different from sport purpose. The visit of
other tourist may get affected due to the sports activity because it leads to high number of tourist
which results in the increase in tourist population which affect the hospitality services like hotels
and resorts. It also affects the transportation services like’s local buses and trains, etc.
The increase in tourist numbers may lead to increase in the prices of accommodations and
transport facilities. It will directly affect the planning of the normal tourist who visits the country
for the purpose of vacations or enjoyment.
Some of the activities like doping, spot fixing, consuming drugs, fighting’s, etc. may lead to
dissatisfaction among the sports tourist and results in decreasing the tourist numbers. Because
due to sports event large number of foreign tourists visits the country and spent some time in the
country. With watching the sport event they would also like to visit the historical places and
wants to purchase some goods. This will helps in economy of the country. For example: - During
FIFA world cup 2014 numbers of FIFA fan’s visit the Brazil to support their respective teams.
Residents as well as non-residents visit different places to support their teams. These types of
visit increases the income of such places where the event has taken place and helps in the
economy of the Brazil. But due to illegal activities like spot fixing and doping leads to
dissatisfaction among the sport lovers and lead to decrease in their numbers. These types of
activities put the black spot on sports and the players who performing these kinds of activities
was lonely responsible. For example: - During Olympic some athletes were caught in Dope test
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and failed to pass the dope exam. This failure leads to cancelation of participation as well as
decline the respect or image of their respective country because the athlete is that such person
who can represent themselves as well as their country. In simple words we can say that they are
the representatives on behalf of the whole country. If they do such kind of activities then it will
spoil the image of country.
Taxation
The second factor which highly affects the Travel and tourism is the tax policy of the country. If
the tax policy or the tax rates are higher it will surely affects the tourism market. Due to the high
tax rates the rentals or fairs of hotels and resorts get higher than normal, transportation cost also
get increased. Increase in tax rates affects the budget of the tourist which leads to decrease in the
tourism (or tourist numbers). Government has to take care of the tax policies in respect to the
tourism sector because it is that factor which can directly affect the economy of the country. If
the tax rates were high will definitely leads to decrease in the number of tourists and directly
affects the economy (decrease in the remuneration or income earns from tourism industry). Many
countries are based on the tourist industry to make their survival. So it is necessary or mandate
for the government to take care of tax policy and consider the factor of tourism while preparing
tax policies. (Hall, C. M., 2008).
Safety Measures
Nowadays most important factor which affects the tourism industry is safety. Safety issues
(safety measures) threaten the tourism industry like anything. Tourist are more concerned about
their safety because for any purpose (like business, vacations etc.) they have to visit the place
other than their regular environment. If the different environment they want to be get secured and
fell safe. The major factor which threatens the tourism industry is Terrorism. There are some
major attacks like Twin Tower attack in New York City, USA commonly known as “9/11”, Taj-
hotel attack in Mumbai, India commonly known as “26/11”. These kinds of terrorist attacks
threaten the Tourists and affect the tourism industry. Government has to create or took some
strict actions against terrorist and provides high level of security to the tourist to make them feel
safe and secure in their country. It is necessary to provide high security to the tourist as well as to
local public of the country.
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Due to terrorist activities the visa facility for the tourists gets complicated. Like for USA visa
policies are very strict, not each and every tourist gets the visa to visit the USA. Due to security
prospective they are very strict because they don’t want these kind of terrorist activities held
again in their country. They have to minimize the number of these activities and doing many
operations or activities to reduce or destroy the terrorism. If the tourist feel safe and secure in the
country they can enjoy their trip more and more and make it memorable.
Natural Calamities
Natural Calamities like earthquake, flood, cyclones etc. also affects the tourism. Some examples
on nature calamities which highly affect the country as well as tourists like Earthquake in Japan
in 2011 destroy the Japan and leads to many deaths. Activities like Earthquake are not in the
control of human they are natural once they occur they lead to damages and leaves a painful
scenario in front of all. Earthquake leads to deaths, injuries, destruction, etc. It affects or destroys
the day to day life of the peoples and increases the sufferings of the country peoples. In 2004
Indian Ocean earthquake and Tsunami leads to high destruction in India, Sri Lanka etc. It
completely destroy the affect areas like coastal areas of Sri Lanka, Southern part of India was
completely destroyed. It affects the day to day life of people as well destroyed the tourist places
which affects the tourism. Recently earthquake in Nepal destroy the Nepal and shaken the whole
country. Lots of death happened due to earth quake, day to day life has completely affected, and
peoples are struggling for basic necessities like food and shelter.
These kinds of activities affect the tourism industry because the country is affected due to natural
calamity and has to recover as soon as possible from this.
Diseases
Diseases is the factor which is not ignored by the tourist because while travelling they don’t want
to get sick. They want to enjoy their trip healthily. And if the country is affected by the global
diseases like EBOLA, H1N1 Influenza (Swine Flu), SARS etc. the tourist didn’t want to visit
these countries which are affected with these diseases. Government has to take corrective and
prompt actions to recover from the diseases and provide healthy environment to their peoples as
well as to their tourists also. Factor of diseases is very serious factor because it is transferred
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from one person to another. If the tourist is get affected with the major disease and returned to
his country where the disease is not spread. Through that person the chance of spreading that
disease is high because he is suffering from the disease and the major source of destruction.
From the affected country disease travel to another healthy country and make it affected via one
tourist. (Hall, C. M., 2008).
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Task 2
2.1 Evaluation of the current trend influencing change in the travel and tourism
sector.
Recent trends in the travel and tourism sector which affects the tourism industry: -
(Source : <http://www.coolgeography.co.uk/GCSE/AQA/Tourism/Tourism%20growth/
Tourism%20Growth.htm>)
Availability of resources: -
Resources like booking accommodations, transportation facility, etc. can be done easily from
anywhere as per there comfort. On internet the companies of travel and tourism sector in UK
provides different types packages at reasonable costs. Tourists need to select from the different
options and pay for it.
Services factor: -
Getting better services is the foremost requirement of the tourist. Nowadays providing better
services is just like basic necessity for the tourist and companies has to provide them. This is
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important because it attracts more and more tourists with this it provide an edge over other
competitors in the competitive market.
Safety Concerns: -
Government of UK is much more aware about their security prospective. After the attacks of
terrorist on USA, India, etc. leads to high security measures. Government focused on the security
aspects to provide safe environment for tourism. With respect to the security the VISA facility is
get complicated only the eligible tourists get the VISA facility. These activities reduce the
chances of terrorist activities. (Helmut Wachowiak, 2006).
Growth and Expansion in Regional Airports:-
Growth in regional airports are has increased start off in low prices. Number of passengers using
regional airports are increasing revealed by Civil Aviation Authority (CAA). Every day in
Manchester 850 airplanes take-off and land, resulting more and more people are taking flights as
there are increasing number of airports. For instance, if there had been no airport in city lesser
people would be travelling by flight as they don't want to go to regional airports. Thus, increased
travel and tourism is seen in the United-Kingdom's industry.
Inbound Tourism to UK:-
Volume of Over 36.5 million overseas visitors came to UK in 2016 contributing 22.5 million
pounds. United-Kingdom ranked 8th in UNWTO global tourist arrivals league, a place held by
the country from past years, behind USA, China, Italy and more. Around 2.9 percent of
international arrivals are accounted in UK. London accounts for 35 percent, England for rest 35
percent, Wales 2 percent and Scotland 8 percent.
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(Source: <https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/leisureandtourism/
articles/traveltrends/2015>)
2.2 Analysis a current trend using appropriate technique and resources.
Surveys and booking records on UK travel and tourism companies gives a picture of changing
environment. Some of them are as below: -
Greater flexibility of bookings with the help of internet, call centres, etc. Earlier bookings for the
travel or tourism purpose is perform with the help of agents. In the cost of bookings the
commission of agent is included which make the payment high for the tourist. Tourist is tending
to book the accommodation as cheap as they get to spend more and more on their trip. Nowadays
tourist can search or book the accommodation or contact directly to the suitable travel agency via
internet or phone calls. These types of direct meetings remove the role of agents due to which
commission amount get reduced and also they get some kind of discount or better package as per
their need. These types of activities make satisfied and happy tourist. With the facility of internet
tourist can book their tourism place from the home at a cheap package. With this companies or
tourist agencies provide attractive packages to their customers so that they can attract more and
more tourist. This will help them as well as help their countries economy.
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Growth and expansion of regional Airports (in UK). The growth of regional airports provides an
edge to the tourism sector. Due to large airports more flights has to land and take off which leads
to increase in the numbers of tourists. Even the local tourists or a resident also goes for tourism
within the country due to the growth of the regional airports. If there is no regional airport is
developed then the fewer resident would travel. Due to the expansion of airports more planes can
land because they have sufficient space, so it gives more opportunities and better services to the
people as they grown.
Increase in independent travellers. Nowadays there is increase in the numbers of independent
travelling because people use internet in search of cheap holiday package, book separate
accommodations and everything runs smoothly because no one is there to disturb their plans.
Independent travelling increases the adventure trips like mountain biking etc. For an independent
traveller it is very easy to book the accommodation, flight at cheap cost. And the number of these
independent travellers gets increased. (Holden, A., 2008).
Safety and security: -Government is more concerned about the security of the residents as well
as of the tourist lives. Because tourist is the responsibilities of the government if they fail to do
so the reputation of the country gets damaged and they face many issues. To reduce the level of
danger government has put several restrictions on the VISA policies. Only VISA qualified tourist
are allowed in their countries. After different terrorists attacks in different countries government
of each country get serious on the matter of security and safety.
Change in technology: - Due to updated technology tourist can book their accommodations and
other trips via internet at cheap cost. With the use of technology the purpose of agent and guide
has been removed. Earlier we use guide for getting information and traveling to right place at
right time but nowadays tourist use latest gadgets which provide complete information about the
place and helps in travelling to their place. These gadgets help in saving their money and remove
the factor of hiring guide or agent for tourism purpose.
Go green motive: - Tourists follows the trend of Go Green it means tourists help in saving the
environment. There are many traveling agencies as well as business organizations who initiate
these types of trips. The motive behind these trips is to reduce the wastage of limited resources
and become eco-friendly. These kinds of trips give a message to save the environment. Foreign
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