Tourism Environment Planning: Annotated Bibliography Analysis

This annotated bibliography examines four journal articles related to tourism planning and its environmental impact. The first article by Dredge and Jamal (2015) explores developments in tourism planning and policy, emphasizing the significance of social and economic factors, as well as the use of frameworks to evaluate the effectiveness of tourism plans. The second article by Paul, Trillo-Santamaría, and Pérez-Costas (2015) reviews a tourism planning experience in Couto Mixto, Spain, highlighting the importance of involving local communities through an Action Research approach. Sicart's (2016) essay aims to redefine tourism, focusing on digital and environmental challenges, and the impact of technological advancements. Lastly, Wan and Pinheiro (2014) analyze Macau's tourism planning approach, identifying shortcomings and suggesting solutions for a more sustainable approach. The author reflects on the key trends affecting international tourism, such as digital innovation and environmental impacts, concluding that governments should prioritize the development of tourism policies that benefit the country and increase tourist arrivals. The bibliography provides a comprehensive overview of current research, highlighting key issues and potential solutions in the field of tourism.

Running Head: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
Annotated Bibliography: Tourism
Environment Planning

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 2
Table of Contents
Article 1...........................................................................................................................................4
Article 2...........................................................................................................................................4
Article 3...........................................................................................................................................5
Article 4...........................................................................................................................................6
Reflection on Learning....................................................................................................................7
References........................................................................................................................................8

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 3
Article 1
Dredge, D., and Jamal, T., 2015, Progress in tourism planning and policy: A post-
structural perspective on knowledge production. Tourism Management, 51, 285-297.
This article explores the development in tourism planning and policy and recognizes the gaps
and future indications for study and research. In order to address this objective, the article faced
some philosophical statements about the process of tourism planning and knowledge about
policy and it daunted the meaning of progress and development. Tourism policy and planning is
one of the most important effects on how tourism progresses, who wins and defeats and how the
advantages and effects of tourism activities are distributed. It implements an innovative
archeology approach to understand the progress in tourism planning and knowledge about
policy. This approach emphasizes on the silences, disruption and diversity of knowledge in the
process of tourism planning and policy. In this article, the author defines that there are some
social and economic factors, which are significant for the tourism development (Dredge and
Jamal, 2015). Frameworks and tools to evaluate the effect and effectiveness of tourism plans,
policies and development projects also occurred, consisting of the techniques, like; multiplier
analysis, cost-benefit analysis, input and output analysis and tourism accounting.
Apart from above strengths, the major weakness of the article is that it has placed limited
attention on understanding the roles, interests and responsibilities of different stakeholders,
involved in tourism planning and policy. It describes some challenges and limitations of using
this critical approach for the planning (Dupeyras, and MacCallum, 2013). At the end, it results
that there is an urgent requirement to develop the tourism policy and planning towards
legitimacy, visibility and significance of studies of tourism by engaging with the tourism policy
and planning process.
Article 2
Paul, V., Trillo-Santamaría, J.M. and Pérez-Costas, P. 2015, Action Research for Tourism
Planning in Rural Areas? Examining an Experience from the Couto Mixto (Galicia, Spain).
Geographical Research, 54(2):153–164.

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 4
In this article, Paul, Trillo-Santamaría and Pérez-Costas review the tourism planning experience
that was created for the Couto Mixto in the duration of 2007 to 2008. Couto Mixto is the small
area located in the Galicia, Spain. This planning for tourism is compared with another well-
defined Action Research method. In the beginning, the article provides the tourism planning
foundations, which were utilized for the research. In this article, the authors state that a
significant principle of sustainable approach for tourism planning is that the strategies of tourism
should be executed by giving the responsibilities to the local people for developing the
accommodation, activities and other related components. The methodology about tourism
planning is given by conducting the interviews and it has inventories 23 resources for
determining the degrees of potential for the objective of tourism planning (Paul, Trillo-
Santamaría, and Pérez-Costas, 2015). By making the comparison, it can be said that action
research approach can support to overcome the shortcomings, which are founded in developing
the rural tourism in this specific area, i.e. Galicia. According to the community and sustainable
approaches, it is very important to involve local communities in the process of tourism planning
and policy implementation. Action research approach also supports this that the local community
can only decide about the scale and type of tourism development in a particular area. This article
supports to the current situations of tourism in the Couto. It will assist in the further research
conducted on tourism planning policy in the country.
Article 3
Sicart, C, 2016, An essay on redefining tourism. An epistemological approach and town
and country planning for tourism. Doctoral Dissertation Summary. European Journal of
Tourism Research 14, pp. 123-126.
This article by Sicart purposes to recognize the development of tourism in order to put the light
on its current state and redefine the sector both as a tool and subject. The first aim is to identify
the state of tourism in the process of scientific progress. Another aim, which develops from the
first, is to implement the research to the study of county planning development reducing from the
variations in the tourism sector (Sicart, 2016). The article includes various chapters, which aim
to discuss about the decision makers in the tourism planning. In this article, first and second
chapters review the origin of tourist occurrence as and experience and knowledge for
development. Chapter 6 of the article purposes to redefine the tourism sector. This chapter

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 5
discusses about two challenges, i.e. digital and environmental. Digital challenges are very
important for redefining the tourism industry as it is upgrading through technology
advancements and innovation. The major example of this is the development and arrangement of
online payment transactions for making reservations for travel. In the travel and tourism
industry, it was started in the end of 19th century by the introduction of travellers’ cheque and
circular notes, by travel agencies, i.e. America Express and Thomas Cook.
The article shows that the revolution of industries in the 19th century made the contribution in the
origin of global tourism. The author finds out that the digital innovation and revolution is one of
the major reasons behind this growth (Brendehaug, Aall, and Dodds, 2017). It does not focus on
a single area of tourism and destinations. The content in the article is not clear and not easy to
understand.
Article 4
Wan, Y.K. and Pinheiro, F.V., 2014, Macau's Tourism Planning Approach and Its
Shortcomings: A Case Study, International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism
Administration, 15:1, 78-10.
The article, “Macau's Tourism Planning Approach and Its Shortcomings: A Case Study”, by
Wan and Pinheiro, analyzes that the responsiveness of the tourism planning approach that is used
in Macau for dealing with the economic boom and fast changes in urban areas, which have
resulted due to liberalization of casino licensing scheme in the year 2002. After an evaluation
process, the outcomes indicate that the tourism planning approach in Macau, i.e. growth driven
and traditional top-down, is not enough responsive to dealing with the above given conditions
and changes. There are some deficiencies in this tourism planning approach, which are identified
in the article. In addition to this, the article gives the solutions for another sustainable approach
that can be used for tourism planning in the country. During the past few decades, tourism
planning process has experienced different standard shifts, because it has developed from design
oriented field, which shows more sustainable strategies.
To analyze the socio-economic and other fast changes, the data and figures are gathered through
secondary sources, which include government reports and statistics, websites, newspapers and
other related tourism guidelines and policies (Wan, and Pinheiro, 2014). The analysis has

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 6
resulted that the efforts made to enhance mass tourism without using any participatory and
comprehensive planning policy have cause in economic, social and environmental issues. The
chosen article has analyzed that the major reason of poor tourism planning policy at Macau is the
disparity in the power relations. Apart from this, there are some recommendations, which are
given to develop more sustainable approach for effective tourism planning. The article assists in
filling the gaps of research in this field and provides the solutions to enhance the situations.
Stakeholders can be interviewed for the future research on tourism planning.
Reflection on Learning
From the above critical analysis of journal articles, I founded that tourism industry plays an
important role in the growth of any country’s economy. The above articles indicate that today’s
tourism industry is growing with improvement in the technology and digital world. I realized that
there are various trends, like; social, economic, technological and environmental trends, which
are affecting the international tourism both positively and adversely. From the third article, I
learned that digital innovation is the major trend that is beneficial for the improvement of this
industry, as the people are actively using internet and prefer to make their travel reservations
online (Liang, Markus, Rob and Lorenzo, 2017). According to my learning, environmental
trends have adverse impact on the tourism, as there is the development in agro-tourism and
health tourism. In addition to this, I have learned that country should involve local communities
for the development and planning of tourism as they play an important role in this. The article
indicates that the major cause to poor tourism planning at Macau is the unbalance in the power
relations. The most obvious thing that I have discovered from the above bibliography is that
Action Research approach is more effective for tourism planning than growth driven approach
used in Macau.
To deal with these trends, there are so many countries, which are re-creating and developing
their tourism planning and policies. After analyzing these four articles, I recommend that
government of country should focus on developing its tourism policy that can be profitable for
the country and increase the tourist arrival to its tourism destinations.

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 7
References
Airey, D. and Ruhanen, L., 2014, Tourism policy-making in Australia: A national and state
perspective. Tourism Planning and Development, 11(2), 149-162.
Brendehaug, E., Aall, C. and Dodds, R., 2017. Environmental policy integration as a strategy for
sustainable tourism planning: issues in implementation. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 25(9),
pp.1257-1274.
Paul, V., Trillo-Santamaría, J.M. and Pérez-Costas, P. 2015, Action Research for Tourism
Planning in Rural Areas? Examining an Experience from the Couto Mixto (Galicia, Spain).
Geographical Research, 54(2):153–164.
Dredge, D., and Jamal, T., 2015, Progress in tourism planning and policy: A post-structural
perspective on knowledge production. Tourism Management, 51, 285-297.
Dupeyras, A. and MacCallum, N., 2013, Indicators for Measuring Competitiveness in Tourism:
A Guidance Document”, OECD Tourism Papers, OECD Publishing.
Wan, Y.K. and Pinheiro, F.V., 2014, Macau's Tourism Planning Approach and Its Shortcomings:
A Case Study, International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration, 15:1, 78-10.
Liang, S., Markus, S., Rob, L. and Lorenzo, M., 2017, The relevance of mobile tourism and
information technology: an analysis of recent trends and future research directions. Journal of
Travel & Tourism Marketing.
Rao, R.S., 2014, Emerging Trends In Hospitality And Tourism, International Journal Of
Research – Granthaalayah.
Sicart, C, 2016, An essay on redefining tourism. An epistemological approach and town and
country planning for tourism. Doctoral Dissertation Summary. European Journal of Tourism
Research 14, pp. 123-126.