Literature Review: Environmental Management in Tourism Context

This literature review examines the perceptions of tourists towards environmental issues in Khao Yai National Park and the role of wildlife tourism in environmental conservation. Article 1 evaluates tourist perceptions of pollution, facilities, safety, and eco-tourism activities, finding that tourist perception of environmental management exceeds their expectations. Article 2 explores how wildlife tourism can promote environmental responsibility through sensory impressions, emotional affinity, and reflective and behavioral responses. The review criticizes the limited scope of Article 1, suggesting that social, economic, and ecological factors also play a role. It concludes that addressing water, hygiene, and eco-tourism activities is crucial for sustainable tourism and that wildlife tourism experiences can significantly contribute to environmental protection by fostering long-term behavioral changes.

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L i t e r a t u r e R e v i e w P a g e | 1
Article 1: Lertwannawit, A. and Anuwichanont, J. 2011. Tourists’ Expectation and Perception
towards Environmental Issue Management for Green Tourism of Khao Yai National Park.
International Business & Economics Research Journal, 10(9), pp. 41-46.
Article 2: Ballantyne, R., Packer, J. and Sutherland, L.A. 2011. Visitors’ memories of wildlife
tourism: Implications for the design of powerful interpretive experiences. Tourism Management,
32, pp. 770-779.
Introduction
Article1 evaluates the perceptions of tourists towards several environmental issues majorly found
in Khao Yai National Park. The research was conducted and it was found that pollution,
facilities, safety, regulation enforcement, eco-tourism activities and stakeholder’s collaboration
were the major issues. Moreover, it also include that environmental issue management in quite
effective as compared to tourists’ expectation. Similarly, Article 2 introduces about the main
objective of wildlife tourism to face the challenges and use corrective action plans to safeguard
the whole environment. This can be done by implementing effective strategies and the research
conducted include four prime responses i.e. sensory impressions, emotional affinity, reflective
response and behavioral response.
It can be wholly summarized from the Article 1 that the perception of tourist related to
environmental issue management is ominously greater than their expectations in terms of food &
beverage service, eco-tourism activities, water and hygiene, and stakeholder coordination. It also
conclude the level of satisfaction level of tourist towards the national park committee
management. On the other side, it is analyzed that tourist are happy with the quality of air, safety
and landscape architecture. However, management must be more aware to protect such areas to
create more sustainable environment.
Article 2 summarizes the power of wildlife that induce evergreen recalls and transformative
experiences. There are several elements of wildlife experiences which must be protected to
create natural impact with wildlife and motivate tourists to be more responsible towards adopting
environmental behavior on regular basis. Several strategies has been made that has resulted in
the long term behavioral changes and contributed towards the sustainable wildlife tourism
industry. In addition to this, it has also shape community for maintainable living which has made
a optimistic differences.

L i t e r a t u r e R e v i e w P a g e | 2
It was criticized that not only other factors were known to be major issues found but green
tourism is also one of the major challenge found. Managing issues is one of the prime role of
every organization. It includes four major functions such as collecting information, evaluating
those information. Sorting the issue and implementing the plan. Furthermore, it was argued that
social, economic, ecological and bio-physical factors are equally responsible for managing the
environmental issues.
The article was highly criticized by Kolb’s in 1984. He argued that there are other four major
stages of experiencing learning cycle i.e. concrete experience followed by reflective observation,
Abstract Conceptualization and Active Experimentation. In more simplified form, it was stated
that experiencing, reflecting, thinking and acting are four major cycles. However, it was further
stated in 1999 that the sharing practices with others act as an amp of the influence of breaks in
wildlife. Furthermore, other researchers suggested that discussion and reflection accomplish
same responsibility to rehearsal and it creates more intense memories. It was later argued that the
advantages on marine wildlife tours are known when sensitive gains are combined with
educational gains about learning facts related to them.
Conclusion
Thus, from the article 1, it can be concluded that water and hygiene and eco-tourism actions
plays a major role in the issues related to environment and the national park committee facades
issues because upcoming advantages from inscription as a UNESCO World Heritage Site can
inspire and loom biodiversity and viable living in the compound, which at the end can create
reason to withdraw its world heritage award. From the article 2, it can be summarized that
wildlife tourism experience can contribute in safeguarding the environmental factors. The article
emphasis on the significant visions for environment tourism managers and interpreters who wish
to deliver involvements for visitors that have a transformative result.