Legislation and Ethics in T&T Management: A Report

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Running Head: Legislation and Ethics in T&T Management
Legislation and Ethics in T&T
Management

Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3
LO1: Understanding the legal and regulatory framework in the T&T sector (M1, M2, M3, D1,
D2, D3)............................................................................................................................................3
Explaining the legal and regulatory framework in the T&T sector.................................................3
1.2 Discussion about the surface, sea and air transportation law those are related with the
carriage of passengers within the legal and regulatory framework.................................................5
LO2: Understanding legislation and regulations those are related to health, safety and security in
the T&T sector (M1, M2, M3, D1, D2, D3)....................................................................................7
2.1 Evaluation of the impacts of the principles of health, safety and security legislation on the
T&T sector.......................................................................................................................................7
2.2 Analysis of the legislation that relates to equality.....................................................................9
LO3: Understanding the consumer protection legislation in relation to the T&T sector (M1, M2,
M3, D1, D2, D3)............................................................................................................................10
3.1 Explaining the contract legislation in relation with the T&T customers.................................10
3.2 Explaining about the consumer protection legislation in relation to T&T customers.............11
LO4: Understanding the role of business ethics followed in the T&T sector (M1, M2, M3, D1,
D2, D3)..........................................................................................................................................13
4.1 Analysis of the ethical dilemmas that are faced by the T&T sector........................................13
4.2 Analyzing the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) policy of a specified T&T business. .14
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................16
References......................................................................................................................................17
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Introduction
In this particular assignment the British Airways has been chosen as the core organization.
Tourism can be considered as the most up growing and economically rich industry that
contributes almost 10% in the global economic condition (Cao, 2015). In this particular
assignment the British Airways has been chosen as the core organization. The statement of this
World T&T Council has created an importance and has stated the information about the T&T
sector and its importance in the developing the global economy. According to the information
that has been found after a thorough research states that the world tourism industry is the most
booming and fast growing industry and it has created a significant position that adds more values
to the world economy. In the T&T sector one must focus on the ethics and legislations to sustain
for a long-term period in the competitive market. In this particular assignment has highly focused
on the pre-emptive steps that the chosen organization can follow to kick out the issues like
unethical behavior and other obstacles that are usually faced by the T&T sector. This assignment
has also focused on the different methods that can be followed by the chosen organization in
order to fulfill the demands of the travelers.
LO1: Understanding the legal and regulatory framework in the T&T sector
(M1, M2, M3, D1, D2, D3)
P1.1 Explaining the legal and regulatory framework in the T&T sector
In the British T&T system there is as such no legal and regulatory frameworks that are followed.
But there are certain codes of conduct that are followed by the Association of British Travel
Agents (ABTA). These codes of conduct include the several issues that are associated with the
T&T like notification booking, communication, insurance etc (Jackson and Barber, 2015). While
talking about the booking system, it includes all the associated facts that exactly happen while
booking a ticket for travelling to a chosen or decided destination. The issues like what happens
while booking or what exactly happens once the booking is done, how to book etc. All of these
processes must be handled with gentle care in order to implement them for protecting the
consumer’s rights in the British tourism. There are some other associations who provide other
necessary details with regards to travelling like guidelines which plays an imperative role in the
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T&T sector. Following are some of the associations like ATOL, SRA (Strategic Rail Authority),
HSC (Health and Safety Commission), HSE, CAA (Civil Aviation Authority) and IATA
(International Air Transport Association) etc (Tse and Tse, 2015).
Legal and regulatory framework that are followed in the T&T sector
This has been found after a thorough research that the entire tourism industry is connected with
specific regulatory framework and legislation. This has been found that there are so many parties
those are highly involved along with the entire tourism industry. Parties like customers, suppliers
and contractors are tightly connected with each other and they do have a proper communication
in between them. The different roles and legislation becomes significant when these parties
establish a strong communication between them and interact with each other. Unlike other
business sector the T&T industry has different types of legislations that need to be followed by a
T&T organization. For example, it includes customers, quality of services, behavior of the
travelers and the entire hospitality that are associated with the travelling. Following are some of
the imperative legislations that one T&T industry should follow:
Tourism Act (1969): The Tourism Act 1969 highly focused on the specification of the British
Tourist Authority where it mainly deals with the organizations that follow these specifications
(Mentzelopoulos et al. 2015).
Carriage by Railway Act (1972): this particular act mainly deals with passengers and their
luggage. According to this particular act, international carriages, passengers and their luggages
are protected. If there is any damage happen to the passenger or with their luggage’s then the
carriers are obliged to pay the cost of the registered luggage’s to the passenger (Schmeleva et al.
2017).
The Athens Convention Act (1974): this particular legislation or the act is mainly followed and
maintained in UK. It highly involves the international passengers and the international carriers
(Hall et al. 2015).
Carriage by Air and Road Act (1979): The Air and Road Act 1979 mainly deal with the rights
of the travelers. It does not depend upon the fact whether the traveler has paid for the tour or
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travelling in free of cost, for both the cases the act is applied equally. This particular act also
deals with damages that can caused to the passenger and with their luggage while travelling
(Mentzelopoulos et al. 2015).
Transport Act (1980 and 1985): This particular legislation specifically deals with the private as
well as the national bus companies. This particular act provides the rout guide to their associated
or connected company and it control as well as regulates the rout that needs to be followed by
those companies.
Packaging Travel and Regulation of Tour (1992): This particular act provides a full control
and regulatory framework to deliver the imperative responsibilities of the tour operator to the
target customers or travelers (De Grosbois, 2016).
The main aim of these above mentioned legislations is to provide the standard procedures to the
travel agencies so that they can control or regulate the entire tourism industry in a right manner.
These standard operating procedures help the travel industries to define the rules and regulation,
human rights and obligation related to travel to the target customers or to the travelers.
P1.2 Discussion about the surface, sea and air transportation law those are
related with the carriage of passengers within the legal and regulatory
framework
Surface transportation law: The surface law or the surface transportation law mainly deals
with the passengers who are on board. This particular law or act is governed by The International
Carriage of Passenger by Road Act 1979 (Magobe et al. 2015). This particular legislation helps
in keeping and safeguarding the rights of the customers. At the time of travel both the physical as
well as the mental damages may cause to a passenger. The so called surface law helps in taking
care for those passengers and their travelling. If there is any loss happens at the time of travelling
then according to the ‘Carriage by Railway Act, 1972’ all the passengers who haws lost their
luggage are provided with the compensation. This law highly takes care for the regulating the
transport of different valuable goods as well as passengers. Disabled persons or passengers also
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get the benefit out of this particular law. This act provides a safeguard to the disabled passengers
(Vourvachis et al. 2016).
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Sea law: Apart from the travelling of the passenger, the T&T sector also takes care for the
transportation of the valuable goods. During shipping of valuable goods or products this
particular law helps in providing a safeguard to those goods. Damages of any goods that are
caused by any environmental turbulence are also regulated and taken care according to this
particular law. According to this sea law, seacraft that has at least 12 numbers of passengers are
provided with the fire safety and it also provides all the necessary equipments to give a proper
safeguard to the passenger’s life. This mainly covered by ‘The International Convention for the
Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS)’. During the shipment if there are any damages caused, in such
cases the entire liability of both the goods and the passengers are covered or governed by ‘The
Athens Convention, 1974’ (Benckendorff et al. 2019).
Air transportation law: According to The Warsaw Convention ACT of 1929, a set of rules are
applied on to the International carriage as well as to the documentation practices. Under this
particular act a passenger has the right to claim for their damages like injury or damages of
goods or luggage. Passenger’s death compensation is also covered by this law. Again, in the air
laws all the legislations are related with the landing across less busy or the non busy areas, cargo
or passenger landing are covered by ‘The Five freedoms Agreement, 1944’ (Edgell and David
2016).
Apart from all these law, there is a common law that is applied in the fields of travel and tourism.
Several legislation falls under this section such as Carrier by Air Act 1961, Railway Act 1993,
Merchant shipping Act 199 etc (Laitamaki et al. 2016).
LO2: Understanding legislation and regulations those are related to health,
safety and security in the T&T sector (M1, M2, M3, D1, D2, D3)
P2.1 Evaluation of the impacts of the principles of health, safety and security
legislation on the T&T sector
Evaluation of the impacts of health, safety and security legislation in the field of T&T plays an
imperative role. The prime intention of following this legislation is to having a complete control
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over the tourism development. This development happens through the introduction of the rights
of travelers and the obligation of the individuals who are involved in the T&T industry. The
employers and the staffs play a significant role that imparts the proper maintenance of the H&S.
The main aim of maintaining and regulating this H&S of the firm is to ensure the safe and secure
environment. This is mainly the responsibilities of the employers who safeguard their staffs from
any kind of injury through the implementation of safety policies. In the T&T sector, the specific
country highly aims to provide the necessary safety services and safe accommodation to the
travelers as well as to the travel service providers.
According to the Health and Safety at Work (1974) that sets out the different rules and
regulations for the employers helps an T&T related organization to provide the necessary safety
care and services to public and mainly to their employees. The so called H&S commission keeps
the entire legislation under their review process and helps in initiating the primary research as
per the requirement raised in the sector. During this several situations may arise that potentially
deactivate the legislations from its functioning. Following are some of the essential condition
that may arise to minimize the degree of functioning of the T&T related legislations (Fletcher et
al. 2017).
Guidance: The H&S Commission highly want for the proper guidance so that they can aware
people about the necessary legislations that are to be followed in the T&T sector. HSC also seeks
for the proper guidance in order to have the technical suggestions about the provisions of
different legislations that are followed in T&T sector (Bellia et al. 2016).
Approved codes of practice: In order to practically comply with the specified legislation
followed in the T&T sector several codes of practices have been developed. These codes have a
set of legal stand points that indicates that the specified codes are the part of the important
legislations followed in the T&T sector. The Approved Codes of Practice (ACOP) helps in
setting out the codes that deals with the hazardous materials. It also deals with the standard
operating procedures that are followed by a T&T related organization. If there is any misconduct
happen that are related to legislations, then the liability goes on to the employers for breaching
the health and safety law.
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Regulations: Having a good hold or control over the rules and regulation is the prime
responsibility of the employers. In order to provide the H&S care to the staffs in a right manner it
is highly imperative to maintain regulate all the legislations in the field of travel and tourism. If a
T&T organization has more than 5 employees under them, these issuing the written codes to be
conduct are mandatory. Following are some of the codes that are need to be followed by entire
T&T sector (Bellia et al. 2016):
 Induction where all the newly joined employees need to be provided with the necessary
information about the sector or the industry they are working at.
 On job training needs to be provided to all the existing and the newly joined employees in
order to successfully handle several issues by the implementation of the right equipments.
 Notices need to be provided on time so that all the employees can follow the proper rules
and regulation and can follow the caution sign to avoid any misconduct of set codes.
 Evacuation drilling, fire drilling are some of the important aspects that requires pre-
demonstration training before its usage.
 Handbook needs to be provided to all the staff
 Regular advice needs to be provided to all the employees for the proper regulation of the
health and safety measures
 Representatives help in determine the roles and responsibilities that are needed to conduct
in this sector.
P2.2 Analysis of the legislation that relates to equality
While providing the T&T services this is mandatory that all the employers do treat their travelers
in a right manner and this must be done irrespective of their age, sex, religion, nationality or
other personal aspects. The equality legislation provides the order or specification to the
employers on how to treat their travelers.
There are several legislations that help a travel agency or a travel organization to properly
maintain the equality. Following are some legislation those are followed by all the T&T related
organization (Fletcher et al. 2017):
 The equality Act (2010)
 Equal Pay Act (1970)
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 Sex Discrimination Act (1975)
 Race Relation Act (1976)
 Disability Discrimination Act (1995)
 Employment Equality Regulations (2003) like Employment Equality (In terms of sexual
orientation) Regulations and Employment Equality Regulations (2006) (In terms of age)
 Equality Act (Based on sexual orientation) Regulations (2007)
LO3: Understanding the consumer protection legislation in relation to the
T&T sector (M1, M2, M3, D1, D2, D3)
P3.1 Explaining the contract legislation in relation with the T&T customers
A legal Bond for relationship between multiple parties regarding the exchange of goods or
services for monetary benefits in forced by law is known as a contract. Every company from
T&T sector needs to build a legal contract with its customers describing the services and
payment associated with it. The contract must define all the terms and conditions along with
details like departure arrival timings, cost and duration of stay, and destinations included in the
package. Any failure in meeting the contract conditions gives a party the right to get out of the
agreement when they want it. The major standard elements for any legal and valid contract are
described below (Laitamaki et al. 2016):
Offer – The statement that is produced by a service provider towards customer or by any party to
another is known as an offer. It is mandatory to have two or more than two parties together to
accept and validate the offer.
Acceptance – When the recipient party shows its positive agreement towards the offer contract,
it is known as acceptance. The offer contract is valid after acceptance from the recipient party.
Consideration – It is important for the parties to consider a specific amount to accomplish the
offer acceptance. The charges that a travel agent it describes in case of a holiday contract will be
known as the consideration.
Capacity – The capability of any individual to sign a legal contract is known as the capacity.
The main factors included are age, financial capability, and intention free from any duress. Most
e of the contracts is signed considering the visitors age as above 18 years.
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Certainty – The contract terms are to be specifically stated and understood followed by agreeing
upon by all the parties involved in the contract. This avoids any form of miscommunication that
might bring unnecessary trouble.
The goods supply through a contract provide an assurance to the customers about it's reasonable
state and quality along with careful and skilled handling. In case of a Hotel accommodation, the
contract must encourage the delivery of best services including Hotel facilities, cleanliness,
health and safety, and comfortable stay along with other contract conditions mentioned below.
 Property agreement signed between agent and customer
 Display of necessary and accurate details in the process and advertisement photos
 Personal preferences stated by the clients or customers
 Following consumer regulations appropriately
 Describing common terms among the parties like,
1. Name, duration and location of stay during a holiday
2. Destinations covered in holiday package
3. Optional and implied terms
4. Consideration amount
5. Other relevant practice regarding the destination
Travelling activities have become much easier and safer for Taurus because of the enforcement
of contract laws in this sector. Hence, the tourists can build a proper relation with the T&T
companies that are found by the contract clause.
P3.2 Explaining about the consumer protection legislation in relation to T&T
customers
The primary aim of consumer protection legislation is to protect the customers’ interest and right
and avoid any violation of the same by travel agents or companies. The customers are protected
from false indication of services goods and their prices under the Trade Description Act of 1968
with the various rights held by Trading Standards Officers.
 Falsely describing of trade by a company
 Offering or supplying the services with a false implication of trade description
 Delivery of false statements about the facilities, services for accommodation
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The customers are provided with the following rights in case of any violation of contract or
wrong advertisement of the same by a service provider
 Making claims against the company using evidences about package tour policy
 Taking the travel law and their rights into consideration in case of any discontented act
 Complaining about the operators regarding any deceptive information
 Expressive fabric is not supposed to be ambiguous
The T&T law enforcement hold every travel operator accountable for its actions and take
necessary measures to resolve any grievances stated by the clients (De Grosbois, 2016).
The consumer protection act of 1987 clearly mentions the customers’ rights and duties while
signing a contract with travel operators. The manufacture is legally responsible to describe
appropriate information regarding any product to uphold the health and safety values for the
nation. The provisions for issues including unfair air and fraud business practices along with
product liability as stated in the Act along with the following provisions.
 Abolishment of any sub standard goods supply
 Ensuring liability of a product
 Development of legal agencies
 Preventing unfair treatment on prices
The CPR Act 2008 has combined all necessary legislations and upholds the following.
 Display of authentic service charges and final prices
 Applicable surcharges for online and card payment
 Actual costs of available rooms
 Disclosing prices at bars
 Services included while renting an accommodation
 Mini bar charges
 Information about other necessary things like swimming pools, route preferences, gyms
etc
The package travel regulations of 1992 evaluate the correctness of any miscommunication by the
service provider before the initiation of any contract. The minimum requirement along with other
facilities like transport, free meals are to be described in the contract explicitly. Moreover, the
travel operator for event organization needs to have a valid license in case of the presence of an
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