Fundamentals of Travel and Tourism: A Report for GSM Leisure Travel

This report provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamentals of travel and tourism, examining key historical and current developments within the industry, focusing on the context of GSM Leisure Travel Ltd. It delves into various types of tourism, including mass tourism and special interest tourism, outlining their characteristics and examples. The report further explores tourist demand, behavior, and motivations, using Paris as a case study, and discusses factors influencing tourist motivation. Additionally, it analyzes the '6 A's' of a tourist destination (Access, Accommodations, Activities, Amenities, Attractions, and Ancillary services) and discusses the role of the private sector in the tourism industry. The report draws on various academic sources to support its findings, offering valuable insights into the complexities and dynamics of the tourism sector.

Fundamental For Travel
And Tourism

INTRODUCTION
The tourism industry has gone through many ups and downs in recent years. It is one of
the key industries in the world as it contributes more than 10% in global economic output along
with one out of ten jobs (Goh, 2012). The presented statements can present world travel &
tourism councils defined about the importance of tourism industry in world economy. In present
time scenario of the world tourism industry is successful and so as in Britain. In the particular
report Tourism management graduate programme at a leading U.K. Tour operator of GSM
Leisure travel Ltd. In the particular consist of different types of tourism and their characteristics.
Apart from focus on following topics tourism demand, tourist behaviour and tourist motivations.
There is developing a new destination regarding to 6A's of a tourist destination.
TASK 1
Concise of the key historical and current developments in tourism
In the present time travel and tourism sector increased day by day and people like to
travel on different places. The tourism industry is the total of all businesses which can provide
goods or services to assist business with pleasure and leisure activities away from the home
environment. The particular industry can impact of other related industry and provide way to
earning more. In present time different technology are trends in the travel industry such as
internet of things, recognition technology, artificial intelligence, big data, virtual reality,
Augmented reality and robotics. These are important part of travel industry which can provide
different facilities to provide comfortable to customers. In travel industry consider different types
of tourism which can select by people according to their interest they are -
Mass tourism – It is a kind of tourism where involves tens of thousand peoples are going
to same place often at the time of year. Mass tourism popular kind of tourism as it is often the
cheapest way to holiday and is often sold as a package deal. The development of mass tourism is
similar to the development and improvement of the technology.
For this type tourism need too much time, internet, connected with people easily. It can
allow to find out and online booking during to order holiday package (Gössling, Cohen and
Hibbert, 2018) . It can help to other industry to become part of this because for mass tourism
need transport which can help to bring out large number of peoples at same place in short space
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of time to places of leisure interest. Many times it makes criticism for their negative impact
around the world. It can help to maintain relation between tourism and environment.
Characteristics – There are growing number of countries that now benefit from tourism. There
are mentioned particular countries such as central America, middle east, Africa and Southest
Africa. There are defined different characteristics of mass tourism which is provide to
communicate to all type people and who wants to go with their friends these are -
 It is organised on broad level, highly focus on popular destination and pay little regard to
local communities.
 Mass tourism brings money to the local economy in a way that tourists pay and buy from
the locals. It is much fun due to adventures in Africa were a lot of crafts.
 With the help of these tourism create a job for local people in the form of guiding,
transportation and accommodation.
 It can help as improved roads, infrastructure, communication which can provide benefit
top local people of the government ans it looks like to improve the structure for increase
tourism (Horner and Swarbrooke, 2016) .
Example – A group planned to visit at Venice regarding to mass tourism, they can contact to all
friend. They are continuing contact to their friends and communicate about the date and place.
There are arranging transportation for go together and arrange all appropriate activities according
to people.
Special interest tourism – It is the condition of custom-made tourism activeness that
caters to the particular interests of groups and individuals. In the context of tourism, it is taken to
satisfy a particular interest or need. It has been projected that SIT belong to four main
experiences, rewarding and Enriching. For the specialised tourism include a particular group, age
and individual tours and wish to acquire curiosity and visit sites, places a specific subject.
Characteristics -
 Evolution of transport
 Advent of long haul travel via jet aircraft.
 Competition among providers and destinations.
 Improved infrastructure to cater for tourism.
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Example – There are selected particular group of people who wants to go a particular destination
for tourism. It can divided into regional tourism and cultural tourism. It can defined to range of
special interest tourist.
TASK 2
To understand about the tourist demand, tourist behaviour and tourist motivations there is
selected particular destination which is Paris. There is understand all the following topics such as
demand for tourism, push pull factors, tourist motivations and typologies and factors that
influence of tourist motivation. There are understand following topics -
Tourism demand
In present time tourism demand increased day day people like to spend money on travel
and tourism. Mostly people used internet and share picture so it can attract to people for visit the
particular places. Paris is place of love where mostly couples like to go and nature of the Paris
lovable that can attract to customer for visit there (Lohmann and Beer, 2013) . Now a days
demand of the tourism increased and they like to spend time with their family, friends and other
relatives. There are many factors which can attract to visitors to visit particular place. Demand of
the tourism defined as the total number of visitors who travel or wish to travel and use tourist
facilities and services places away from their work places of work or residence. It can show
relationship in the economic demand schedule.
Tourism demand defined in several ways which can depend on the economic, geographic,
political and psychological from the point of view of tourism industry. On the perspectives of
geographic defines the tourism demand as the total number of persons who can travel or wish to
travel and use tourism demand. It can facilitate services at places away from their places of work
or residence. There are important issues relating to tourism as mentioned in a number of official
proclamations and demands related to individual rights.
Tourism behaviour
It refers that in the way where tourist can behave according to their behaviour and consist
of different types of people. There are including push and pull factors, push factors are described
as internal motives or forces that cause tourists to seek activities and deduct their needs. On the
other hand pull factors are helping to generate destination forces and the knowledge that tourists
hold about a destination. Nine motives were generated based on an analysis of 39 unstructured
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interviews. In recent time tourism has turn into the powerful and most extraordinary phenomena
of the time. To show their quality firstly there is need to understand of remarkable phenomena
which is connected to each other.
The advantages of the industry of tourism defined in broad level which is related to
different things like social life and economy in order to provide tourist destination regarding to
individual benefits. In the tourism industry can include different benefits like rest and recovery
through work, activity of new experiences payload to a brocading of visible horizon and it will
provide opportunity to acquisition and intercultural human activity, publicity of peace of mind to
perceptive individual and cultural evolution. There are need to visiting with friends and relatives,
religious pilgrimage and health (Morrison, 2013) .
Tourism motivations
There are many factors which can motivate to people for travel and different type of
people participate in tourism for different purposes. One of the most common demands is for
accommodations whatever the intention, tourist should be accommodated in one way or another.
There are mentioned common reasons to motivate people to visit away from home are -
 To visit friends and relatives
 To undertake religious and other pilgrimages
 For business and professional engagements
 For leisure, recreation and holidays
 Other more personal motives
The theme of motivate to people in travel and tourism and typologies of tourism that
system and motivation. Ravel in an activity, whether it is domestic or international where there
are another option to travel or not to travel. The decision based on the to satisfy of need and
demands of the customer. Tourist can be defined as a particular group of tourists which can
based on several psychological characteristics. With in the spectrum psychological personality
types a tourist can either be classified as a dependable or venture (Neirotti, 2012) .
TASK 3
6A's of tourism industry
Access – It means by which a tourist can reach the area where attract to people according
to locations. The meaning of access also include as transportation where include rail, air, water
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and road transport. It is intended as the set of services and facilities capable to allowing a
particular person with their specific neds to fun in holiday and wants to spend time with their
issues and problems (Page, 2014) .
Accommodations – It is important part of tourism industry because when people go for
travelling that time they wants to all facilities and wants to comfort zone. For accommodations
mostly people like village resort where they can take fresh air and live life of village. It can
categorised into two parts primary accommodations and secondary accommodations. In primary
includes hotels, resorts, heritage hotels and complexes. In secondary includes motels, youth
hotels, sleeper trains and holiday centre.
Activities – The various activities of tourism services include offered to tourist at the
destinations. These different activities are classified according to tourism industry which is
tourism resources, receptive facilities, tourism reception facilities and entertainment and sport
facilities. In this industry it is main part of tourism
Amenities – It is considered as basic facilities which is provided a perfect tourist
destination and it is categorised into two parts natural amenities and man made amenities. In the
context of natural amenities including possibility of fishing, sea bathing, beaches and
opportunities of trekking. There are in man-made amenities includes several types of
entrainment, facilities which cater special needs.
Attractions – There are including all elements which can attract to a tourist. For them
includes place, nature, lakes, beach and mountains etc. these all things are attract to tourists to
visit these places. A tourist attraction is that place where people take interest to visit and
typically for its built-in or showing their cultural value, historical, natural or built beauty and
amusement opportunities. There are included different types of attractions such as natural and
man-made, in man-made consist of theme parks, cultural events, ancient monuments, in natural
attractions climates, beaches, landscapes and mountains (Park, 2013) .
Ancillary services – In the travel and tourism are services that are provided regarding to
entire travel experience which are comfortable, safe and secure and enjoyable.
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TASK 4
Private sector
An organisation which compass of different type guests in order to boost their bundles at
various traveller places with the help of intelligent techniques for written language, Such as,
disseminate release or advertise in their sites. The private area is created of business
administrators run or claimed by people or organizations, for example, travel press, travel
protection, private universities, travelling background, meeting decision maker or movement
manipulator, whose fundamental object is to make up profits by the government agency and
commodity, which they communicate to their purchaser. They increase high advantages due to
customer's commute to provide effective governance. For instance, resorts offer great deal, for
example, spa, knead, hot tub for clients who come to unroll to holiday. In this manner, the
private segments are business organizations with the goal of making a benefit for investors and
proprietors (Sharma, Kukreja and Sharma, 2012). They run organizations at all dimensions of the
appropriation chain – providers, wholesalers and retailers.
Public sector:
The particular administration gathering who can support the travel industry. The job of
this organization is to employment for the business and provide the needed criterion of help. The
administrations substance through the open segment are conveyed to the unspecific population
and paying with the help of governance. They can similarly be "providers", especially in facility
and guest attractions. A large portion of the open administrations are non-benefit making. Open
part incorporates NTO's and RTO's (national and region visitor workplaces). Open segments are
real gatherings who settle on the system and initiative for the development of the travel industry
area. However, the contribution of public sector remains essential due to emerging the scope of
revenues and streams for better understanding and evaluation. There are chances to grow and
develop the sessions in which the credibility remain more constant and relevant (Sharpley and
Telfer, 2015) .
Voluntary sector
These are namely National Parks Association, YHA (Youth Hostels Association),
National Trust, ATOC (Association of Train Operating Companies), ANTOR (Association of
National Tourist Office Representatives), FTO (Federation of tour Operators), Museums
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Association, UK Inbound Tourism, PSA (Passenger Shipping Association) and Tourism
Concern. Voluntary sector contains different bodies involved in the lobbying and being the force
factors who work for the benefit of the tourism sector and the benefit of the respective
associations they represent. Associations of the intentional division are controlled and ran for the
most part by volunteers. These associations are generally not making benefit or contributively.
Their motivations must be magnanimous, non-benefit making, for the instruction's improvement
or for different points helpful to the public. This makes some money related advantages that
may incorporate diminished rates and VAT, contracts, salary charge exclusion for speculations
and bank stores. Intentional area associations that register as commitments need to fulfill explicit
terms (Song and Witt, 2012).
CONCLUSION
As per the above report it has been concluded that fundamental of travel and tourism
industry plays important role. The particular fundamentals are provided various benefits and it
can describe about the travel and tourism industry on the basis of behaviour, motivation and
demand. These are different things which can related to tourism industry but there are connect to
other industry and provide benefits to them.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Goh, C., 2012. Exploring impact of climate on tourism demand. Annals of Tourism
Research. 39(4). pp.1859-1883.
Gössling, S., Cohen, S. A. and Hibbert, J. F., 2018. Tourism as connectedness. Current Issues in
Tourism. 21(14). pp.1586-1600.
Horner, S. and Swarbrooke, J., 2016. Consumer behaviour in tourism. Routledge.
Lohmann, M. and Beer, H., 2013. Fundamentals of tourism: What makes a person a potential
tourist and a region a potential tourism destination?. Poznan University of Economics
Review. 13(4).
Morrison, A. M., 2013. Marketing and managing tourism destinations. Routledge.
Neirotti, L. D., 2012. and Adventure Tourism. Sport and adventure tourism. p.1.
Page, S. J., 2014. Tourism management. Routledge.
Park, H. Y., 2013. Heritage tourism. Routledge.
Sharma, A., Kukreja, S. and Sharma, A., 2012. Role of tourism in social and economic
development of society. International Journal of Advanced Research in Management
and Social Sciences. 1(3). pp.10-31.
Sharpley, R. and Telfer, D. J., 2015. Tourism and development in the developing world.
Routledge.
Song, H. and Witt, S. F., 2012. Tourism demand modelling and forecasting. Routledge..
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