Tourism Policy and Planning Report: Evaluating London's Strategies

This report delves into the core concepts of tourism policy and planning, emphasizing the importance of effective strategies for economic growth and operational efficiency. Focusing on London as a case study, the report evaluates different approaches to tourism policy, including tourist quality and community considerations. It explores the history of tourism policy, highlighting its multi-scalar nature from local to international levels. The report then describes a range of tourism policy instruments, such as environmental taxes and financial incentives, while critically analyzing the issues involved in implementing these policies, including safety, coordination, and environmental factors. Furthermore, it evaluates the implementation phases of tourism policies. The report also examines different approaches to tourism planning, including reactive and inactive approaches, and the influence of various factors on planning. It concludes by evaluating the implementation of tourism plans and adapting planning models to specific destinations, demonstrating the ability to create a comprehensive tourism plan document. The report provides a detailed analysis of tourism strategies, policy instruments, and implementation challenges within the context of London's tourism landscape, offering valuable insights into the field of tourism management.

Tourism Policy and
Planning

Contents
INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................................3
TASK 1.......................................................................................................................................................3
Evaluate the different approaches that can be taken to tourism policy.....................................................3
Explain the history of tourism policy.......................................................................................................4
Understand the multi scalar nature of contemporary tourism policy........................................................4
TASK 2.......................................................................................................................................................5
Describe a range of tourism policy instruments.......................................................................................5
Critically analyze the issues involves in implementing tourism policy....................................................6
Evaluate the implementation of tourism policies.....................................................................................7
TASK 3.......................................................................................................................................................8
Evaluate the different approaches that can be taken to tourism planning.................................................8
Explain the influenced on tourism planning............................................................................................8
Evaluate the implementation of tourism plans.........................................................................................9
TASK 4.......................................................................................................................................................9
Adapt models of tourism planning to specific tourism destination..........................................................9
Demonstrate the abilities to create a tourism plan document.................................................................10
CONCLUSION.........................................................................................................................................10
REFRENCES............................................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
For every nation it is essential to conduct tourism planning in order to develop effective
tourism policy which helps in conducting operations smoothly and effectively. Tourism policy is
considered as set of regulations, guidelines, rules and strategies which provide framework within
that the individual as well as collective decision directly affecting. On the other hand tourism
planning is determined as procedure of considering the demand and needs of individual planning
a trips as well as considering differing factors for identifying best programs, activities and
resources for the trip (Adu-Ampong and Kimbu, 2019). Through effective tourism planning as
well as policy a country able to ensure that they generate employment as well as it will also help
them in increasing economy. Location selected for respective project is London, which is capital
as well as largest city of England and United Kingdom. Topics included in this report are
concepts and theories of public policy for tourism as well as it also include evaluation of
implementation of tourism policy. Moreover it will also expand theories and concepts of tourism
planning as well as it include information related to tourism planning for a destination i.e.
London.
TASK 1
Evaluate the different approaches that can be taken to tourism policy
Tourism policy is considered as overall development of policy of a specific nation or
region so that activities related to tourism are conducted well. Policy will evolves from the
survey as well as analysis of several aspects such as present tourism development infrastructure
and patterns, tourist attraction destination or activities or market. There are several types of
approaches are considered while developing the tourism policy because through that most
effective decision can be develop which lead to enhance in tourism services for tourist. From
which some of the main approaches are given below: -
 Tourist quality: According to this approach management or government need to
determine who their potential tourists are because accordingly they can conduct
arrangement as well as it will also help in making effective tourism policy (Adu-
Ampong, 2019). In respect of London, United kingdom while developing strategies they

need to consider their tourist such as if there tourist of well educated people then follow
of policy will become easy whereas if more tourist are uneducated then nation
management need to make more strict policy so that they can follow it properly.
 Community of location: According to this approach government need to determine
where the specific location society or community are more conscious about their culture
or they are flexible in nature. This is so because if the particular place communities are
flexible in nature then they accept the changes which arise due to tourism whereas if they
are conscious about their culture then conflict may arise. This situation may impact on
nation tourism rate so it is essential for management to consider this approach.
Explain the history of tourism policy
History of international tourism policy is divided into four phases, from which first phase
is started in 1945 after Second World War and it ended in 1955. It is considered as situation in
which there is dismantling as well as streamlining of customs, police, health regulation and
currency (Benckendorff, Xiang and Sheldon, 2019). These are considered as basic framework of
the international tourism current. Second phase is from 1955 to 1970 at which government also
get involved in marketing decision of tourism as through that earning or economy can be
enhanced. In addition to this third phase is from 1970 to 1985, at this stage nation government
are more involved in the supply of infrastructure related to tourism. This is so because they want
to they want to use tourism for the regional development activity.
The last and fourth phase is began from 1985 which include use of tourism as a tool for
the regional development as well as it also lead to focus on issues related to environment, illegal
activities and many more. In respect of United Kingdom their key aim for developing tourism
policy is to develop an innovative as well as new partnership marketing campaign so that they
enhance their economic rate. Moreover, respective company is considered as world’s 10the
largest tourist destination at which more than 36 million visitors come every year which help
them in increase their popularity around the world wide level.
Understand the multi scalar nature of contemporary tourism policy
Multi scalar is considered as different stage or layer which is related to any specific topic
or situation (Degarege and Lovelock, 2019). In respect of contemporary tourism policy multi
scalar nature is determined as situation how tourism policies are implemented at the different

level of local, domestic and international level. Explanations of multi scalar nature of
contemporary tourism policy are given below:-
 Local Scale PATs – This scale include consideration of local communities, tourism
perspectives and protected areas. This means it is essential for companies or government
considers these factors in while developing decision or policy.
 Sub nation scale – It is next stage of multi scalar nature according to which while
developing contemporary tourism policy below national government need also need to
consider (Edgell , 2019).
 National scale – Next scalar nature it is essential to considered national government
because they understand country situation and then develop strategies accordingly which
help them in develop proper strategies.
 Regional (Supra national) scale – According to this multi scale nature of contemporary
tourism policy religion or supra national stakeholders also need to consider. This is so
because they also help in developing more effective as well as suitable decision for the
tourist who visits at the specific location.
 International scale – According to this government also need to consider viewpoint of
international stakeholder because they will also help in developing more effective as well
as suitable decision for increasing tourism.
TASK 2
Describe a range of tourism policy instruments
Policy instruments for tourism are classified into different aspects such as economic,
regulatory and institutional instruments. Moreover there are wide range of tourism policy
instruments which are necessary to be considered by country government while developing
strategies and policies (Hall and Williams, 2019). From which some of the main tourism policy
instruments are given below:-
 Tourism environment tax: According to this instrument, government able to develop
strategies related to tax for maintaining effective environmental condition of tourism
destination. For government it is necessary to set high or low tax according to the session

because at that time tourist visiting ratio is high which also impact on the environment.
So by the collected tax amount government can maintain quality and effectiveness of
environments.
 Financial incentives: This instrument can be designed in order to change behavior either
by enhancing or minimizing price of specific goods and services. There are several ways
according to which financial incentives can be used for minimizing negative tourism
impacts (Harilal, Tichaawa and Saarinen, 2019). In respect of this government can
introduced use of environment friendly equipments for water as well as energy saving at
hotels or restaurants by reducing taxes, providing additional services and many more.
These are main range of tourism policy instruments which are necessary to be consider
by an organization which is operating in tourism industry or government. This is so because
through that they can develop most effective strategies as well as policy and it also help in
providing quality services to the tourism.
Critically analyze the issues involves in implementing tourism policy
There are several types of issues which arise at the time of implementing tourism policies
at the nation and it is essential for government tourism management to understand these issues as
well as try to develop plan for resolving these issues properly as well as effectively. Some of the
main issues are given below that can arise at the time of implementing policies:-
 Safety issues: It is one of the main issues which arise at the time of implementing
tourism policies at the nation. This is so because from the government decision not every
community gets happy some of them feel as their disrespect due to which conflict may
arise (Milano, Novelli and Cheer, 2019). This will impact on the safety as well as security
of the tourist who visited at the respective place.
 Coordination among different parties: This issue is similar to above issue according to
which problem arise due to no coordination among the different parties like communities,
government parties, suppliers and so on. This will directly impact on the implementation
of policy.
 Environment factors or issues: This issue is arising because government develops
policies for increasing tourism; they mainly focus less on the environmental factors. This

will arise issues relates to the environment factors and these are generally developed by
NGO who are working for environment sustainability.
These are main aspects or issues which are take place when a nation tries to implement
tourism policies. So it is essential for government bodies as well as other related bodies to
develop strategies by considering these issues because that will help in smooth function of
tourism activities.
Evaluate the implementation of tourism policies
There are different phase which are adopted by a government in order to develop as well
as implement tourism policies at nation in effective as well as appropriate manner. Below stages
of the same are given:-
 Phase 1: At the first stage government management need to need to conduct market
analysis according to which they need to describe current status of tourism as well as they
also need to determine challenges (Munro and et. al., 2019). Along with this at this stage
management also need to determine growth opportunities for the tourism development.
This will also include discussion related to policies, rules, regulation, legislation,
economic impact, environment impact and many other aspects.
 Phase 2: Then documents collected at the above stage will be sending to the stakeholders
of tourism sectors as they are main parties who take decisions for the development of
policies.
 Phase 3: At this stage development of tourism policy draft will be done and presented.
 Phase 4: In this stage agencies or organizing which is a national forum will provide
feedback on the draft so that appropriate correction can be done at the initial stage.
 Phase 5: After getting the feedback, correction will be done accordingly so that the
finalization of the policy can be done properly (Rogerson and Rogerson, 2019).
 Phase 6: It is the last stage at which designing and implementation of tourism policy will
be done at the required destination.

These are main phases which are necessary to considered for the development and
implementation of tourism policies in effective manner as well as it will also help in ensuring
safety and security of tourist.
TASK 3
Evaluate the different approaches that can be taken to tourism planning
There are different approaches which are considered for the planning because that will
help in developing most appropriate strategies as well as plan according to situation. Below some
of the main approaches are given that are taken to tourism planning:-
 Reactive approach: According to this tourism industry or companies will evaluate past
record of visited tourism (Sheppard and Fennell, 2019). This is so because that will help
them in developing most appropriate decision according to the situation.
 Inactive approach: In respect of this approach tourism companies need to consider
present need, requirement and expectations of customers or visitors. It is so because that
will help in developing tourism planning in effective as well as appropriate manner.
 Preactive approach: According to this approach companies operating in tourism
industry need to predict future as that will help them in conducting proper planning
according to need of visitors.
 Proactive approach: It is the last approach and according to this tourism companies
need to create the future so that they can develop proper tourism planning according to
destination and its visitor’s requirement.
These are main approaches which are considered at the time of tourism planning so that
effective decision can be taken according to situation as well as destination.
Explain the influenced on tourism planning
Tourism planning is important for every nation because through that they able to enhance
visitor’s rates at the nation as well as it will also help in boosting economy by generating high
employment rate (Tichaawa and Kimbu, 2019). Tourism planning has both positive as well as
negative impact on the nation. Positive aspects of tourism planning are it helps in increasing
visitor satisfaction, enhance economic benefits and protect basic culture as well as natural

resources and many more. On the other hand it also have some negative aspect such as it is a
time taking process that will also impact on the decision making. Tourism planning is also
required funds so conducting respective practices companies or government need to arrange
funds or finance. So it is essential for government and tourism companies to considered
influence of tourism planning before adopting it. This is so because through it they can develop
most effective as well as appropriate decision according to destination.
Evaluate the implementation of tourism plans
Tourism plan is considered as road map which is adopted by companies who are
operating at the tourism industry or government department because through that they can
enhance their ratio of visitors or tourist. In order to implement tourism plan there are several
stages need to considered in which first stage is evaluation according to which government or
related agencies need to conduct market analysis through which plan idea can be generated. Then
at next sage developed plan will be discussed with the stakeholder as they will help in
determining effectiveness of plan in effective manner after that feedback will be taken for them
(Sheppard and Fennell, 2019). This is so because through that they able to ensure that plan is
effective as well as at this stage issues can be determined through according to which changes
can be done at initial stage. Then at the last stage idea or tourism plan will be implement at the
required destination.
TASK 4
Adapt models of tourism planning to specific tourism destination
Tourism Planning can be done at different levels like national, international, regional as
well as sub-regional level. While planning tourism for London, it is important to consider the
needs of people who are planning a trip to the destination and determining the resources and
activities that are best suited for their trip (Guo and Sun, 2016). People who will plan a trip to
London will have various needs and requirements like they will have to stay informed about the
weather and information regarding how can they visit different tourist attractions there. Thus, it
is important for the destination to include various important points like what is the peak-season
to visit the nation and what all cuisines are available for the people who visit the place etc.

Tourism planning is not only applicable for tourists who visit the nation but also for the
local residents. The visitors should have a clear knowledge about the map of the places they are
willing to visit so that they do not find it difficult to get there. Thus, the bus service in the nation
should be made tourist friendly so that they can interact with either the conductor or the driver of
the bus if they face any problem. Also, people visiting London will require to have an
understanding about the different cuisines that are available in restaurants there. For this, the
different cafes and restaurants should offer them meals according to their needs.
Demonstrate the abilities to create a tourism plan document
A tourism plan document can be helpful for a destination in attracting a large number of
tourists. It is basically required to grow attraction so that the tourism business can be grown and
the visitors get a seamless experience when they visit the destination. In context to London,
when people decide to visit the place, they will experience very smooth trip without any
problems (Tollefson and Pérez-Milans, 2018). Tourism plan can help in planning all the essential
elements like protection of the tourist, their experience at the place etc. in a very effective
manner. The needs and requirements of the people will be considered and accordingly best
resources will be determined for them. A tourism plan will help in planning for any kind of
uncertain situations beforehand.
It will help in carrying out all the process in an effective and smooth manner so that there
are no errors. Also, the destination will be able to gain a competitive edge in terms of tourism
against other destinations etc. Planning will also encourage innovation as to how can the
resources be determined and activities coordinated with each other etc. Thus, a tourism plan
should be developed for a destination to be able to attract lot of tourists and grow its economy.
This will help the chosen destination, i.e., London to monitor the needs of the visitors as well as
determining the most effective resources so that the visitors’ experience can be enhanced.
CONCLUSION
By analyzing above explained point it can be summarized that for each and every nation
it is necessary to conduct tourism planning so that they can develop effective tourism policy that
will help them in providing quality as well as safe tourism related services to domestic people
and tourists. There are several approaches which management need to consider because through

that they can develop proper decision which increase quality of tourism services as well as they
also need to consider history of tourism policy as it will also help in developing policy. Along
with this, they also need to determine different issues which may arise while implementing
tourism policy because that will help in developing plans through that issues can be resolve
properly as well as successfully. In addition to this, in order to develop strategies for a specific
destination management need to consider different models of tourism planning as through that
they can make effective strategies.

REFRENCES
Books and Journals
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tourism firms: Evidence from small and medium sized hotels in Sub-Saharan
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Tollefson, J.W. and Pérez-Milans, M. eds., 2018. The Oxford handbook of language policy and
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