Tourism and Society: Impacts, Leiper's Model, PESTLE Analysis

This essay examines the intricate relationship between tourism and society, highlighting both the positive and negative impacts of tourism on communities and economies. It delves into Leiper's Tourism System model, explaining its components such as tourists, geographical features (traveler generating region, tourist destination region, and tourist transit region), and the tourism industry itself. The essay also employs PESTLE analysis to evaluate the political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental factors influencing tourism and its effects on society. Furthermore, it discusses tourist behavior, the rise and fall of tourist destinations, and the various types of tourism, including domestic, inbound, and outbound, emphasizing the economic benefits of domestic tourism. The essay concludes by noting the importance of sustainable tourism practices, exemplified by the UK's efforts to mitigate pollution caused by tourism.

Tourism and
Society

Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................4
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................6

INTRODUCTION
The topic of this essay is tourism and society. Tourism refers to a phenomena that focuses
on the movement of persons from one place to another for some personal or professional motives
(Sie, Phelan and Pegg, 2018) . And the term society refers to the group of people in an area. In
today's world tourism becomes a big commercial activity which is generally performed by most
of the peoples in order to earn the revenue. Tourism contributes in the development of the
economy through providing a number of job opportunities to the peoples and develops the
infrastructure of the nations. As because of this, the people can move to different cities which
could raise their knowledge and they can better understand the culture of the cities. In this essay,
we will discuss about the relationship between the tourism and the society as we all know that
the tourism creates a huge impact on the society. And after this, the essay covers the positive as
well as the negative aspects of the tourism on the society. There is a positive relationship
between the tourism and the society as if there is an increase in the development of the tourist
sector, it increases the level of the economic development. Through tourism, the countries are
developing at an increasing rate which provides a better standard of living to the peoples.
Tourism provides an advantage to the businesses as they can easily launch new products and
services and earn a high revenue from them. If we talk about international tourism, it provides a
special attention to the destinations as because the tourists are not from the home country and
they come to a specific country for the visit. The international tourism is a must needed for any
country as because it raises the foreign exchange earnings and improves the goodwill of a
particular nation.
MAIN BODY
For the better understanding of the interrelationship between the tourism and the society,
there is a detailed description of the Leipers Tourism system model which is introduced by the
Neil Leiper in 1979 and focuses on the structure of the tourism industry. It is generally one of the
mostly used model in the tourism industries and many of the peoples are working by taking the
consideration of this model (Couret, 2020). It is generally an easier model that explains about the
tourism. And because of this model, the people can easily take decisions and developments
related to the tourism. As according to the Leiper, he doesn't want that the people should view
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each and every component of the tourism industry and as a result, he developed this kind of
model. There are some basic elements of this model which are, the tourists, the geographical
features and the tourism industry. The tourists refers to the actor in this system which performs
most of the activities of the tourism industry. And the geographical features consists of the three
main components which are generally the traveller generating region, the tourist destination
region and the tourist transit region (Ratten and et.al., 2019). The traveller generating region
describes about the destination where the tourist are comes from as it helps the tourism to take
place according to it. And the another term the tourist destination region describes about the area
or the location of the tourism where the tourists is visiting. While the last element of the
geographical features which is the tourist transit region discuss about the gap between the tourist
generating region and the tourist destination region as it is the important portion of the Leipers
Tourism system. This component describes about the number of transport functions and it is
generally made up of transport structure. The third and the last element of this model is the
tourist industry which describes the whole system of the tourism. There are so many benefits of
adopting this system as it provides a visual picture to the organisation that what is a tourism
system and it is one of the easier model as compared to others. This model is widely taught in
most of the universities and provides a way to the development of the tourism. But this model
has some disadvantages or drawbacks as according to the tourism industry, the model should
not be so simple and easy that it can be easily understood by many peoples instead of the few
ones. This model is outdated as according to the latest technologies and trends and the scope is
also limited. It doesn't provide a clear picture of what the tourism system is and doesn't focus on
some of the other aspects of the tourism.
To examine and identify the positive as well as negative impacts on the society, PESTLE
analysis needs to be conducted as it is the most popular model which is widely used by most of
the organisation. It demonstrates the factors which relates to the political, economic, social,
technological, legal and environmental aspects. As to identify and present the factors of the
tourism on the society, this analysis proves to be a very helpful (Chernova, 2020). It generally
describes the external factors and provides a chance to the organisation to cope up with their
factors. There are some external factors which describes the impacts of the tourism on the
society. The first one is the political factor which focuses on the government rules and
regulations. As according to this factor, there are so many rules and regulations to foreigners
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when they travel into a new country. The political stability is referred to as the main factor that
affects the tourism industry. As because the tourists want to visit to each and every corner of the
world but they can't visit because of the government stability (Brandão, Costa and Buhalis,
2022). The tax incentives also affects the tourism industry as in many countries, the tourists are
not getting the incentives on their goods which they have purchased and this becomes a factor for
the tourism industry. The next factor which influence the tourism industry is economic as it
consists of the interest rates, foreign exchange rates, etc. When the tourists visit to the nation,
they may changes the trends of that nation which may directly affects the other tourism industry
and defines to be as the positive factor for the tourism industry. The third factor which affects the
tourism industry is social as it refers to the social environment of the particular market. If there is
a negative advertising about the tourism on the online platforms, it may cause the tourism
industry. But if there is a social popularity related to the tourism, it may increase the value of the
tourism industry and leads to the society towards the use of the social media. If the individuals
are accepting the foreigners in their nation, it becomes a positive factor for the tourism industry
and it seem to be the most comfortable experience that the tourists feel. The other factors is the
technological factor which focuses on the innovations or creativity in the technology. As because
of tourism, the individuals of the nation can feel better transport as compared to the previous
years. Tourism improves the transport facilities and introduces new innovations in them. The
other factor which influence the tourism industry is legal that consists of laws, rules and
obligations amended by the government. The government becomes the process of applying for
Visa is easier for tourists so that they can easily accessible to their Visa in other countries also.
But we can say that, Visa is a very time consuming and a lengthy procedure for the peoples. As
according to this factor, there are many banks who provide loans to the tourists and it can seems
to be very helpful way when they tour globally. The last factor that affects the tourism industry is
environmental which concentrates on the surroundings of the environment. In this factor, if there
is an improvement in the transport, it leads to increase the pollution in the nation which causes an
impact on the earth. And this impact is caused by the tourism industry (Morrison, Lehto and
Day, 2018). If the tourism pollutes the particular nation, it affects on the local peoples which
may cause negative affection and leads to less respectful for the tourists. Tourism affects the
environment by damaging it as they creates a footpath erosion which may naturally cause harm
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to the particular destination. As we have seen this, tourism affects the nation in a positive as well
as negative way.
Tourism provides many job opportunities to the local peoples and increases the standard
of living of the peoples. It can be prove to be a commercial activity which is taken by most of the
peoples in order to earn the maximum revenue. Through tourism, the nation can increase their
economic position which helps them to conduct various programmes in their own area. The
consumer behaviour in the tourism helps to conduct and improve the marketing fields of the
nations (Bosak, 2019). As if the consumer behaviour increases, it may also increases the standard
of the society. There is a rise in the tourist destinations as because of the popularity among the
audiences and some of the positive factors. But because of some negative factors, there is a fall
in the tourist destinations. The typologies in the term of tourist refers to the study of the various
types of the tourists. In general terms, there are mainly three types of tourism, that is, domestic,
inbound and the outbound tourism. The domestic tourism refers to the tourism which is
performed within the nation or in the home country. While the inbound tourism refers to the
activities of the visitor which is conducted outside the home country. The last type of tourism is
the outbound tourism which focuses on the activities of resident visitor outside of their home
country. But to consider the revenue of the local peoples, the domestic tourism takes place
(Girish Kumar, Nand and Bali, 2022).
CONCLUSION
In this essay, it is to be concluded that the tourism refers to the main activity in order to
develop the economy. The essay discuss about the interrelationship between the tourism and the
society and consider one of the most popular model which is Leipers Tourism system model.
This model explains about the structure of the tourism industry and describes some of the
essential components, that is, the tourist, geographical features and the tourism industry. But to
use this model in the industry, the firm has to clearly understand the tourist generating region,
tourist destination region and the tourist transit region. As we all know, it is the most easier
model as compared to others and provides a visual picture of the tourism industry. In this essay,
we will also discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this model which helps the firm to
identify its appropriateness. After discussing with it, the essay covers the positive as well as
negative factors of the tourism industry through PESTLE analysis. In the PESTLE analysis, there
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is an explanation of the various factors that is, political, economic, social, technological, legal
and environmental factors that affects the tourism industry. After discussing with the factors, the
essay explains about the tourist behaviour and how tourism impacts the society. The essay also
covers the rise and fall in the tourist destinations and the various types of tourists in today's
world that is generally the domestic tourism, inbound tourism and the outbound tourism. But to
gain revenue in the nation, the domestic tourism proves to be very useful activity. While in UK,
the planning is made by the tourism industry as to implement the sustainable tourism in their
nation because to protect the nation from the pollution which is generally caused by the tourists.
And in consideration with this, the UK government executes some laws and obligations as to
protect the nation from the pollution.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals:
Bosak, K., 2019. The tourism system. In A Research Agenda for Sustainable Tourism (pp. 14-
20). Edward Elgar Publishing.
Brandão, F., Costa, C. and Buhalis, D., 2022. Tourism System. In Encyclopedia of Tourism
Management and Marketing (pp. 484-487). Edward Elgar Publishing.
Chernova, M., 2020. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM AND ITS IMPACT
ON THE TERRITORY. In Актуальные вопросы России и мира (pp. 68-70).
Couret, C., 2020. Creative tourism–providing the answers to a more inclusive society.
Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes.
Girish Kumar, B.C., Nand, P. and Bali, V., 2022. Review on Opportunities and Challenges of
Blockchain Technology for Tourism Industry in Future Smart Society. Decision
Analytics for Sustainable Development in Smart Society 5.0, pp.277-297.
Morrison, A., Lehto, X. and Day, J., 2018. The tourism system. Kendall Hunt Publsihing.
Ratten and et.al., 2019. Tourism innovation: Technology, sustainability and creativity.
Routledge.
Sie, L., Phelan, K.V. and Pegg, S., 2018. The interrelationships between self-determined
motivations, memorable experiences and overall satisfaction: A case of older Australian
educational tourists. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, 9(3), pp.354-379.
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