Evolution of Tourism: A Critical Analysis of the Late 20th Century

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CRITICALLY DISCUSS TOURISM TRENDS IN THE LATER
HALF OF 20TH CENTURY
Assessment 1 – Essay
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Table of Contents
Introduction................................................................................................................................3
Main Body..................................................................................................................................4
Conclusion..................................................................................................................................7
Reference List............................................................................................................................8
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Introduction
Tourism has become a global industry in the moving age. It has involved hundred and
millions of people in the global world and within the domestic travel, each passing year. As
per the world tourism Organisation, the increase of international travellers has increased
vividly. However, some of the activities have shown the compromise factors to the same
travellers involving themselves in more than one journey every year. This has precisely
shown the scale of tourism as the industry. Millions of people have shown the connectivity
while working directly in the global market. From the records of history that is the trends in
the latter 20th century has shown the travel to be uncomfortable, difficult, frequently
dangerous and expensive. The journeys were undertaken and implied to certain motivational
factors. However, in the past 150 years travel has shown the drastic change and affordability
for the travellers and has admitted the fact of pleasure as the motivation for the journeys. The
concerned essay has critically discussed the tourism and travel trends in the second or latter
the 20th century.
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Main Body
Tourism in the 20th century has shown the leisure travel that initially applied to the owners of
the determined machinery of production and the economic oligarchy. The factory owners and
the rich traders have shown the ability to travel in the international market whereas the
middle class has shown the compromises in the tourism industry due to high prices and
expensive costing of the overall tour. It has also shown the less interest to the people willing
to travel abroad. The less shared information and process have shown detachment with the
middle class or most of the classes to avoid travelling in leisure times. In taking the first half
of the 20th century to the concern, the only industrialists have created the paid vacations
(Vavrečka and Mezuláník, 2016).
British Airways was the first airway which has shown the participation to schedule an airline
passenger flight in between the Paris and London (Higham, 2017). This has led the people to
travel domestically. Mass tourism has shown the act of visiting the destinations with a large
number of travellers at a time. Diner’s club has also shown its role to the mass tourism sector
in effecting a outsized number of interested people to have a particular destination. The mass
tourism in the second half of the 20th century has shown two major reasons that are the
organisational mass tourists and Individual mass tourists.
In 1960s the tourism has shown the activity to be more relative to particular regularities that
have primarily confined North America, Europe and some other small number of locations
present in the other parts of the globe. International travel and tourism in before the 1960s
have shown the large preserve of a wealthy minority. This has enabled the people who have
both the monetary support and independence and time to afford the long distance sea or air
travel (Booksite.elsevier.com, 2019).
The major change in the second half of the 20th century has shown the enormous growth of
the trend known to be modern tourism. In taking the example, the changes have shown the
contribution of East Asia or Pacific region that has become the rapidly growing areas for the
international tourism industry. In 1975the pacific region and East Asia have accounted not
more than four per cent of international tourists’ participation or arrivals (y Patiño et al.,
2016). However, in 1995, the increased concept of globalisation and world arrivals had
shown the increase in the percentage that is to be 15% and gradually shown the increase to
20% by 2006. It can be noted that the increase of shared international arrivals of actual
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tourists in between 2006 and 1975 have shown the approx 78 million visitors arriving at East
Asia 1995. The comparison has shown 100 million in all combined areas of South, and North
America and more than 305 million in Europe has shown within 1995. Fifty-five per cent of
all the global arrivals to Europe have remained the same in the early part of the 21st century.
It has been the most important area for international travel arrivals as per the data of WTO
2007 (Ambrus et al., 2018).
The important factors considered essential in the development of the tourism sector and its
trends during the second half of 20th century - has shown five major reasons that have shown
the relevant aspects for the growth of tourism. The first reason has shown the rise of all
industrial outputs that have connected with the Industrial revolution that have optimistically
led an increased standardise of living. The second most reason is that improvement in the
transport technology. The changed and easier reach of information has led the factor to be
more accessible travel measures. Railways, airways and ocean liners that have appeared in
the 19th century have shown the improved versions in the second half of 20th century. The
third motivational factor that has led the interested traveller in assessing the tourism as the
part of their life has shown the introduction of annual holidays that have been approved in the
end of the 19th century (Pooley et al., 2017).
The fourth and an effective reason was the change of concept and perceptions towards
travelling and tourism, and the overall environment led the improved trends in the 20th
century. Locations that have been viewed as the hostile were considered and seen as the
attracting place to visit. The last reason identified was the increased desires to travel. This has
shown the direct relativity to the improvement of the education sector and has shown the
greater overseas travel that has resulted after the war. The creative interest in foreign
locations and other business travels have vividly led the people showing interest in the
tourism sector.
Culture and tourism have also been the two important factors that have led the growth in the
tourism industries to the second half of 20th century. The amalgamation has drastically led
these two aspects in combining to cultural tourism and had shown one of the most desired
development aspects for different regions and countries around the globe. In valuing the
terms, cultural tourism has become better since the cultural tourists have been estimated to
spend more as one third on overall average tourists (Anders et al., 1999). The rapid increase
of cultural tourism in the perspective of preserved elite Grand Tourist in the late 20th century
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has shown certain issues. The increased number of interested tourists at foremost sites and to
small communities has gradually raised the questions relating to the sustainability of the
newly formed mass tourism (Richards, 2011).
Particularly it has shown hardships for the destinations in profiling the culture among the
different spate of products that to offer while each has desperately shown the claims on their
uniqueness. Whereas the mounting amount of places and search of innovative forms of vivid
enunciation in linking tourism and culture have helped the sector in strengthening the water
down locally based cultures. It has increased the values in accruing towards the local
communities while improving the links between local tourism and creativity (Richards,
1996).
Technological influences and advancements have shown the emerging factors in the second
half of latter 20th century. Therefore, tourism has directly been related to the development of
information technologies and telecommunications. These factors have importantly changed
the tourism sector in attracting and reaching the positive message to then interested travellers
and have changed the concept consistently. Tourism outgrew towards the mass industry
compared to the past and been exotic even been an extreme industry that is because travelling
has shown lack of information and knowledge of different destinations. It has provided poor
opportunities to the tourists in order to communicate with each other. In taking the facts from
the early 20th-century tourism, people mostly remained isolated from the motherland. The
development technologies and internet has positively eliminated the physical boundaries that
take place between the countries and availed the opportunity of tourists visiting the desired
places now (Middleton and Hawkins, 1998).
In the socio-cultural level, the market has tended to grow homogeneously. In the early
twentieth century the globe has shown diverse cultures and each country having a unique
destination or places for tourists. By the time of mid-20th century, the world had shown the
step to be bipolar when there were two superpowers USA and USSR. By the end of 20th
century, the world has shown the drastic change and eliminated the physical barriers to travel
industry and have shown fast development of globalisation stimulating the co-operation of
the tourism industry (Jovicic, 2016).
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Conclusion
Tourism has been an industry that has undergone a major transformation in the line and rise
of skilful consumption and with the experienced economy. Tourism has been considered as
one the course or phenomenon that has been closely identified with the rise of the different
industrial service industry. Tourism has grown stronger and hastily in the next half or latter
half of the twentieth century due to the increase of fundamental inputs that were easy to
mass-produce and cheap. The increased accumulation tourism also brought up several
negative impacts such as environmental deprivation, degradation of local cultures and
overcrowding. Cultural tourism, on the other hand, has viewed as a fine form of tourism.
Cultural tourists have perceived the desired visitors as it has been wealthy and well-heeled.
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Reference List
Ambrus, T., David, L., Artemyev, A., Barczak, M. and Dombay, S., 2018. RENEWABLE
ENERGY SOURCES, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, TOURISM. In Proceedings 17th
International Scientific Conference" Engineering for Rural Development", 23-25 May 2018,
Jelgava, Latvia (pp. 1909-1915). Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies.
Anders, J.T., Antonius-Smits, C., Cabezas, A.L., Campbell, S., Davidson, J.O.C., Fernandez,
N., Ghuma, R., Martis, J., Mayorga, L., Mellon, C. and Mohammed, P., 1999. Sun, sex, and
gold: Tourism and sex work in the Caribbean. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
Booksite.elsevier.com. (2019). [online] Available at:
https://booksite.elsevier.com/samplechapters/9780750684927/9780750684927.pdf [Accessed
28 Jan. 2019].
Higham, R., 2017. Britain's Imperial Air Routes 1918-1939. Fonthill Media.
Jovicic, D., 2016. Cultural tourism in the context of relations between mass and alternative
tourism. Current Issues in Tourism, 19(6), pp.605-612.
Middleton, V.T. and Hawkins, R., 1998. Sustainable tourism: A marketing perspective.
Routledge.
Pooley, C.G., Turnbull, J. and Adams, M., 2017. A mobile century?: changes in everyday
mobility in Britain in the twentieth century. Routledge.
Richards, G. ed., 1996. Cultural tourism in Europe. Cab International.
Richards, G., 2011. Tourism development trajectories: From culture to creativity?. Tourism
& Management Studies, 6, pp.9-15.
Vavrečka, V. and Mezuláník, J., 2016. Marketing communications in tourism–trends and
reality. Маркетинг і менеджмент інновацій, (2), pp.80-93.
y Patiño, M.G., Medina, F.X. and Arilla, J.M.P., 2016. New trends in tourism? From
globalization to postmodernism. International Journal of Scientific Management and
Tourism, 2(3), pp.417-433.
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