Research Proposal: Expectations and Satisfaction in Tourist Transport

This research proposal examines the state of tourist transportation in Australia, focusing on the experiences of Chinese tourists. The report begins with an executive summary and table of contents, followed by an introduction that outlines the growth of the tourism industry and the background of the issue, specifically addressing the challenges faced by Chinese tourists regarding public transport in Australia. A literature review explores the current trends, demands, and expectations of tourists, including their attitudes, views, and desires, as well as the standards of service in transportation. The proposal identifies a gap in current services and presents a conceptual and methodological framework, including research philosophy and approach. The aim is to understand tourist expectations and satisfaction with the transportation system in Victoria. The objectives include analyzing tourist attitudes, views, demands, and service standards. The research questions address the attitudes, demands, and service standards. Ethical considerations, a timeline, budget, and limitations of the study are also discussed, providing a comprehensive overview of the proposed research project.

Research proposal
1

Executive summary
This report has described about the transportation in public in tourism sector. The entire research
project is based on this. However, introduction and background of issue in this sector is
discussed. It has been explained about attitude, view and desire of visitors towards transport and
what are their demand in it. Along with it, gap analysis is done to find out gap and how to cover
it. Besides that, aims, objectives and research question of topic has been described. Moreover,
the methodology of conducting research and what method will be used in it is mentioned as well
in it. Other than this, ethical consideration and time frame of study has been discussed. It is also
mentioned about how budegt required in it and what are the limitations of doing study.
2

Table of Contents
Executive summary .........................................................................................................................2
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................4
Literature review..........................................................................................................................4
Conceptual framework.................................................................................................................4
Methodological framework .........................................................................................................5
Ethical considerations..................................................................................................................5
Time line .....................................................................................................................................5
Budget..........................................................................................................................................6
Limitations...................................................................................................................................6
CONCLUSION ...............................................................................................................................6
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................7
Appendix..........................................................................................................................................8
3

INTRODUCTION
Tourism industry is growing at rapid rate. It has led to rise in revenue and sales of company
operating in it. The growth in industry is due to change in lifestyle of people and rise in income
level. In addition to it, transportation is also transform due to it. There are many new facilities
emerging for tourists to travel and visit many sites. A lot of info is available for people regarding
infrastructure, tourist attraction, and many other. This has enabled in visiting new regions and
areas. The government is providing many new services as well. (Bimonte, Ferrini and Grilli,
2016)
Background of issue
It has been analysed that there are some issues which is being faced by Chinese tourists in
Australia. They are not getting proper and effective transport services in Australia. Furthermore,
this has led to change in their attitude and behavior. Besides that, in Australia the public network
of transport for tourists is not effective. There are not sufficient ways or transport facility to visit
famous attraction. So, they are not able to visit those places and other regional areas as well.
Along with it, there are some other issues as well related to transportation in Australia. This has
led to decline in satisfaction of visitors and their needs are not fulfilled.
Literature review
It has been evaluated that as tourism industry is at boom since recent times. There are many
trends which has emerged in it. This has entirely changed needs and demand of people. Besides
that, the main pillar on which this industry is based is transport services. If there is no adequate
transport facilities available, then it becomes difficult for visitors to visit natural attraction,
famous places etc it is essential to have a strong road infrastructure, other services so that tourists
are able to use public transport and travel. The first impression when visitors visit a country is
effective public transport. With this they are able to visit many places. The transport enable in
connecting urban and rural areas with natural attraction, and other places. Henceforth, there
needs to be varied facilities available as well in public transport. It led to gaining visitors
satisfaction.
Attitude, views and desire of tourists
According to (Virkar and Mallya, 2018 the tourism industry is expanded into wide area. The
companies provide various types of services in it as per needs and desire of people. The service
4

includes tour packages, trekking, transport, etc however, the main element on basis of which
tourism industry is based is on transport. This is because it allows people to travel from one place
to another. But in recent times, attitude and views of tourists has changed. It is not in terms of
destination but also in other facilities as well such as food, accommodation, etc apart from it,
there is change in transport services as well. As visitors are not expecting high quality transport
facilities from government and tourism company. The change in desire is due to increase in
income level. Now, visitors want to travel to natural attraction. But they are not able to go due to
lack of public transport facilities available. Moreover, services offered by company such as taxi,
cab etc charge huge fees which is not affordable.
In view of Kim and Kang, 2016 there is change in desire of visitors as well. They want more
services in terms of public transit. This is because here they will get all services which will help
in ease in traveling and reaching tourists destination.
Furthermore, it is found that public transit staff attitude towards visitor was critical. The behavior
of them was helping in their native nation. So, visitor view towards it shifted.
According to expectation consists of three elements called VIE (valence, instrumentality, and
expectancy). V or valence illustrates that each person is satisfied with the outcome, and if the
people feel good, it means that they will get positive experience. I or instrumentality is defined as
a way that will lead to satisfaction. E or expectancy means expectations of people, and they need
different expectations.
Demand of tourists for public transport
As elucidated by Yang, Li and Li, 2019 public transport consists of all facility provided by
government to visitors. They are bus, rail, cab etc and infrastructure as well. It is necessary for a
nation to have a strong connection and network of public transport so that visitors are able ot
visit natural attraction. In Australia, there comes many Chinese tourists. Australia is hub for
Chinese tourists. But there is less service and facilities which is offered to them. Moreover, by
analysing the feedback of previous visitors it is stated that their experience is poor in terms of
public transport. So, there is shift in demand of visitors. Now, they want high public facilities for
them to visit natural attraction. In addition to it, high infrastructure is required by them in order
to cover the regional areas as well. Also, there is shift toward public transit. This has enabled in
helping them to understand how local residents do business. Besides that, information centers
5

and helping desk is needed to be set up. With poor experience of visitors now there is demand of
new and high quality services. The tourists want improved public transport so that they are able
to travel and explore country. Besides, they want effective and strong connection of road and rail
transport in urban region so that visitor can easily reach there. Thus, there is high demand of
providing more taxi and cab facilities in urban areas in context of public transport. It will allow
in fulfilling their needs.
Standards of service in transportation
As stated by Zhang, Wang and Yu, 2019 in transportation there are several types of services
standard which is followed. These standards enable in maintaining quality of service and also
help in gaining satisfaction of customer. With them it becomes easy to provide similar type of
service to all visitors. It is observed that in public transit in Australia the staff has to behave with
respect and dignity with all tourist. Besides, there are certain standard set in it like helping all
visitors by solving their problems related to transportation. Also, cab and taxi are cleaned and
maintained. The tourists are provided all info of various route and transport facility available
through an App. So, with these it is easy to maintain quality and service standards. It has been
evaluated that there are no such standard in public transport to measure feedback of tourists. This
has created a negative image of Australia in mind of them. The purpose of standard in public
transport is to improve destination attraction which influence behavior of tourists in terms of
happiness. There are various services included in this such as employee behavior, privacy,
domestic travel, and many other
Tourists’ experience might typically be different, depending on their previous experience and
information they have as well as the responses to their expectation
Gap identified
In a study done by ( Lu, Wu and Chen, 2019 it is found that there exists a gap here. The
transportation services ar not according to desire of visitors. This means with change in shift of
demand of tourists, in Australia there is no change in services off. Due to it, tourist are not able
to visit natural attraction. Also, there is no proper infrastructure of transport. Thus, in order
improve visitors experience and expectations it is necessary to bring change in public transport.
There is need to provide more services to them and increase quality of service. Hence, it is
leading to lack of satisfaction among Chinese tourists who are visiting Australia. In addition, it is
found that there is need to enhance service experience as well for them.
6

Thematic table
Sub theme Key findings Author
Attitude and view of tourists Positive attitude
change in view
High desires
Hosani and Salam, 2018
Demand of more services Strong air transport
Taxi and cab service
Domènech and Gutiérrez,
2017
Conceptual framework
Aim and objectives
Aim – to understand the expectation and satisfaction of tourist for tourist transportation system
in Victoria
Objectives
 to analyse the attitude, views and desired of tourists
 To examine demand of tourist for public transport
 To find out standard of service in transportation
Research question
 what are the attitude, views and desired of tourists?
 What is the demand of tourist for public transport?
 What are standard of service in transportation?
Methodological framework
The research methodology has been considered as the important aspect for the development f
the respective procedure and techniques tended to be used in the effective identification of the of
information’s regarding the completion of the report. This is more helpful for there researcher in
order to have the identification of effective and required knowledge structuring along with
needed level of assumption to be taken (Brown and Rhoades, 2019). It can be stated as the RM
have been the process to make collection of information’s above the data for the purpose of the
making decision. This can have the inclusion of the publication research, interviews and other
respective techniques which can be inclusion of both present and historical information in perfect
manner. Hence, this is there chapter with clear level of description and assumptions by detail
designing of project structure having the pros and cons to be discussed s the account and
7

applicability of research. At last there this also have the encountering of difficulties in optimizing
the research by providing the effective level of guidance.
Research Philosophy
This topic is been wide and have the making level of discussion the with dealing the sources,
nature the development of the respective knowledge. This is the basic level of structuring their
discussion on the phenomena have the need to be collected, analysed and used by having the
proper level of collection for determining the manner in appropriate way. This is considered to
be more level of helpful in the reversing level of formulation and belief and assumption to the
respective figure and fact. In this research, there will be inclusion of the perspective of
positivism and interpretivism aspect (Bellini, 2017). for addition the positivism philosophy has
the inclusion in terms of tourism which has been considered as important in order to come up
with the desire outcomes.
Research Approach
This is the approach have the stating the appropriate level of strategies and procedure which is
the helpful for the determinations of the acknowledge level of information’s in perfect manner
and interpretation. This is helpful in making over all decision amusing process by taking the
sacral level of assumptions in there the philosophy with approaches which have helped out in
more level of analysing there moving the strategy to the successful level of development of
research. As per the consideration for the developing there gathered information by masking the
appropriate level of concerned and the focussing the gathered level of information’s which have
the concern to make the effective development of research (Weber., 2017). There is more level
of objectivity need to be achieved through the clear level of description and assumptions by
detail designing of project structure having the pros and cons to be discussed s the account and
applicability of research.
Research Method
This the strategic process for the collection of information in order to make proper level of
determinations by understanding the business objectives and research in more level of subjective
manner. here is more need to have the development of the relevance level of hypothesis for the
measuring of distinctive points by the using the deductive and inductive approach. the former
one is used to have the testing the validity and assumption and on other one is regarding the
contributing of the emergence of more level of new theories and generalization in perfect
8

manner. both have been there the systematic approach which is helpful in the collecting
respective information in relation with charts, graphs and tables and also helpful in taking
effective decisions and justification concerning the goals of research (Krippendorff, 2018). This
approach have the vital level of concepts in order to have the specification of the breaking down
the significant level of attributes and resected arguments over the several points. This make the
people level of explanation o the collection and data analysis in an integrated manner
Sources of Data Collection
Data collection have the process of the information for the respective and relevant in order to to
have the finding the issues which are related to the problems in order to have the testing of
hypothesis and evaluation of the level of outcome in perfect manner. this is useful for gathering
the information’s by the proper level of determinations of planning, understanding and collecting
real facts and figures. There is the inclusion of there two type of the data collection methods
which are the primary and secondary data sources is been the used. This is useful in order to
have the maintained the clear level of dependability in the perfect mannered as the primary data
have bene collected through the effective level of structured questionnaire purely collected for
the purposes (Quinlan, and et.al., 2019). The questionnaire has been filled by the direct email
marketing and structed manual attempt in manner to have the avoidance of the errors. On the
other hand, the secondary resources will be used to have the to have the attainment of research
aims and current market situations by tasking the effective level of assumptions to gains the
valuable amount of information in perfect manner
Sampling
This is the complex strategy which have the requirement of the proper level of estimation of
there representation of data by the use if the sophisticate tools in there measuring for the
achievement of the gaols in the perfect manner. This have the inclusion of the optimization the
specific numbers for the completion their research in desired format. In the realisation of this
project of the non-probability random sampling which is covering the different aspect of
observation the collection of the sample each have bene taken in the research have been the 30
tourist in the order to have the understanding the authorities of efficient manner. this is the
complex part od study with proper level of estimation of the by facilitating the analysis in order
to have the using of sophisticate tools by the by using the qualitative and/or quantitative methods
of data collection and data analysis in an integrated manner
9

Data Analysis
Data analysis is considered to be important aspects which is been done by the completing the
primary and secondary data for identification of common patterned for critically analysing for
the achievements of the research aims and objective in perfect manner (Litosseliti ed., 2018). In
this report, there have been the use of the thematic analysis for the effective evaluation of the
information’s by outlining the major level of determinant for analysis. This approach has bene
considered as the rigours methods to facilitate he objectivity and trustworthiness of the all
stakeholder who have be involved in the reach. This is the complex part of the study which have
specific level of requirement and estimations for appropriate representation of data interpretation
of primary and secondary data with use of sophisticate told such as graphs and tables in order to
have achievement of goals. There is more level of objectivity need to be achieved through the
clear level of description and assumptions by detail designing of project structure having the pros
and cons to be discussed s the account and applicability of research.
Ethical considerations
In order o have the effective level of research development, there is the need for the researcher to
have proper level of understanding the involvement of different ethics to be appalled as different
step of research. It is the major level of responsibility of the researcher to follow the specific
guideline of the research without harming any level of emotional and physical har to the
respondent. The research be should maintain the dignity of the project by taking the proper level
of consent for the participant on prior basis. As per the aspect of ethical consideration, it is the
major level of responsibility of the researcher to maintain the privacy policy of the information
of respondents. In the researcher should maintains level of focus of the aim and objective of
report which can be done through the transparency and honesty of research and other participant
of the research. Hence, the research should have the obligation to withdraw any level of
miscommunications and misleading information form the report as it is important to maintain the
level of objectivity.
Time line
Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7 Week 8 Week 9 Week
10
Week
11
Week
12
10

Designi
ng
research
Designi
ng
method
ology
Designi
ng
question
naire
Writing
proposa
l
Data
collecti
on
Data
analysis
Report
writing
Reviewi
ng the
report
Report
presenta
tion
11

Budget
The budget required for conducting research is as follows
Activity Cost
Printing of questionnaire $300
Posting of questionnaire $200
Traveling cost $150
HR wages $400
Other expenses $100
Total $1150
Limitations
The limitation of the research has the employed the level of the establishing the conforming the
facts by the refraining the outcomes on the more level of previous research work in perfect
manner. this is able to have the solving the new and current level of issues which is been
supported by the theorem and developing the new level of theories (Quinlan and et.al., 2019).
This is helpful in enabling the further level of required knowledge of research.
The limitation has there is formulation in the research aims an objective which can be define in
the broad and wide mannered which could be done with popper narrow focus to increased the
study specification.
There is the lack of the perspective studies in finding the values to have the building upon the
achieving the research objectives and area. There has been more level of scope of discussions as
large size individually, the scope and depth of discussions in your paper is compromised in many
levels compared to the works of experienced scholars.
CONCLUSION
From above it is summarized there public transport consists of various services such as domestic
travel, staff behavior etc in Australia there exists a gap in it as tourists expectations are not being
met. There is need to improve public transport experience. However, Chinese visitors are facing
12