Community Health Assessment: Analyzing Tower Hamlets Borough Needs

This report provides a comprehensive assessment of population health in the Tower Hamlets borough, focusing on community health needs, profiles, monitoring, and the implications of community health findings. It begins with an introduction to population health and its key components, followed by a background on Community Health Needs Assessments (CHNA) and their importance. The report details the relationship between community health profiles and assessments, as well as the role of monitoring and surveillance. Key population health indicators are analyzed, including demographic characteristics such as population density, age distribution, and ethnic diversity. Measures of deprivation and inequalities, such as income disparities and unemployment rates, are examined, along with determinants of health like obesity rates, alcohol-related harm, and access to education. The report concludes by discussing the priority public health needs of the Tower Hamlets community, including mental health support, COVID-19 response, and maternity care, highlighting the challenges faced by vulnerable and disadvantaged groups. This report will be helpful for students, and Desklib provides access to a wealth of similar resources, including past papers and solved assignments.

Assessing population health

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................................2
BACKGROUND...................................................................................................................................2
Community Health Needs Assessment (CHNA)...............................................................................2
Community health profile and its relation to community health assessment.....................................2
Monitoring and surveillance and how it related to community health assessment.............................3
Community health profile..................................................................................................................3
POPULATION HEALTH INDICATORS (DEMOGRAPHIC, DEPRIVATION,
DETERMINANTS AND HEALTH STATUS).................................................................................3
Key demographic characteristics.......................................................................................................3
Key measures of deprivation (inequalities)........................................................................................4
Key measures of the determinants of health......................................................................................5
Implications of finding of profiles:....................................................................................................6
CONCLUSION.....................................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES......................................................................................................................................8

INTRODUCTION
Assessment of population health is an approach which involve the analysis,
interpretation and measurement of population knowledge, intelligence and health data
regarding the health status of population and subpopulations as well as the social
determinants of health and health inequalities. There are four major components of
population health such as care integration, patient engagement, care coordination and
teamwork (Ortega and et.al., 2019).
The report will to analyse the Tower Hamlet borough community health needs,
profiles, monitoring as well as the implications of findings of community health profiles. The
theories of health needs, community assets will also be analysed as well.
BACKGROUND
Community Health Needs Assessment (CHNA)
It refers to the systematic procedure which involves community for identifying and analysing
the health needs of communities. The process is method for the communities to prioritize
their health needs as well plan and act on unsatisfied health needs of community. Is s
conducted a number of organizations (Gourevitch and et.al., 2019). The CHNA is important
as it helps the organizations significant information regarding the current health needs, issues
and status of community. The information gathered from the model can be very useful for
development and implementation of community health improvement plans through justifying
what and where should be resources allocated for meeting the needs of community.
Community health profile and its relation to community health assessment
A community health profile refers to the approach in which involves significant
comprehensive integration of information regarding a particular community. The data
generated in profiles reflects the status of health of a particular community from distinct
angles. A community health assessment involves community health profile in it. The
community health assessment uses the community profiles for monitoring health status,
creating and facilitating certain work groups as well help in identification of distinct resource
and strengths of a particular community (DeSalvo and et.al., 2021).
Monitoring and surveillance and how it related to community health assessment
Surveillance and monitoring in health refers to the monitoring of individuals with an
objective to identify changes within health status of that individual due to the occupational

exposure to a hazardous substance. The process occurs when the members of a particular
community actively participate in the activities such as reporting, responding, monitoring and
detecting of various health events in that community (Ginsburg, Wu and Orlando, 2019). The
information gathered from surveillance is shared with local and branch health authorities.
Monitoring and surveillance is used as tool for improvement processes in community health
assessment. It is used for performance monitoring that is intended to be used with health
improvement strategies associated with health issues of a particular community.
Community health profile
Community health profile can be defined as comprehensive compilation of
information about a community that have data related to the health of given community from
different angles. It is valuable record that is used to track the trends in health of local
communities in order to take initiative to improve the health and well-being of individual
living within the society (Rahman and et.al., 2019). Likewise, Tower Hamlets is 20% most
deprived districts as 30.3% (16,475) children live in low income families. While, on an
average the life expectancy for both women as well as men are similar to England. For
example: it is 11.4 years lower for men and 4.8 years lower for women.
POPULATION HEALTH INDICATORS (DEMOGRAPHIC, DEPRIVATION,
DETERMINANTS AND HEALTH STATUS)
Population health indicator represent quantitative characteristic of specific population
in order to know its heath status, number of male, female and adults living within the society.
Therefore, the demographic, deprivation and determination of health can be illustrated in
detailed as follows:
Key demographic characteristics
In terms of demographical characteristics, it is second most densely populated local
authority across United Kingdom, having 4 th youngest population. Likewise, almost half of
the population are between the age group of 20-39. In June 2017, there are 308,000 residents
so tower hamlet is fastest growing local authority in United Kingdom. It is 16 th mostly
ranked diverse local authority in England having mix of different ethnic group of population
and 12,900 more male residents than female residents. Hence in population size, it is ranked
11 largest out of 32 London Boroughs and City. Moreover, there are 32% of people
belonging to Bangladeshi, White other and White British and other ethnic group (Mangan
and et.al., 2021). Muslim is highest proportion of resident in borough that is around 38%. At

the same time, the study has helped in knowing that there are more than four in ten residents
that were born outside the United Kingdom that is 43%. By 2041, the statistical analysis
represent that the borough population is being expected to reach 400,000.
Tower Hamlet have rich and well known history which is also known as heart
of the East End of London. Due to number of house development in the borough, there is
high projected population growth. Likewise, between 2017-2030, it is expected to create
around 54,000 more houses for the people to live. Furthermore, the census of 2011, represent
that there are around 101,247 household living in Tower Hamlet, so it was 29% increased as
compared to 2001 as there were only 78,525 households (Liu and Onudiwe, 2020). 2.47
people per household so it is densely populated with large number of people living within the
Borough having sufficient access to resources for their heath and well being. Therefore, in the
borough, there are large differences in the ethnic profile in terms of age, culture and other
factors.
Key measures of deprivation (inequalities)
Through secondary research, it has been identified that the deprivation score for all
the ages is around 35.7 and smoking prevalence in adults in manual and routine occupations
is 42.0. Hence, in Tower Hamlets, there is huge inequality between the male and female
pertaining to education, access to health care facilities and other benefits within the borough.
During 2016-19, two third of tower hamlet is employed that is around 67%, that is around 7%
below employment rate in London and 8% below in Great Britain (Labrecque and Kaufman,
2019). In England, Tower Hamlets is ranked as 3rd most deprived local authority district,
after Hackney and Newham. There are many numbers of people within the society that are
facing situation of unemployment and income measure (Ronaldson and et.al., 2020).
Likewise, in terms of income domain, there are 63% of all LSO in tower Hamlet that fall into
10 most income deprived nation.
Among which, it is the highest number of both older people (53 % ) and children
(59%) living in income deprived families in England. In terms of geographical location of the
people, the inequality of the borough is most stark so it must be eradicate for better outcome.
Furthermore, the health inequality in Tower Hamlet is significant as 11.2 years for men and
6.5 years for women is the difference between the life expectancy of richest and poor
residents (Davis-Hall, 2018). It also have 5th highest disable population in London, and
around 17% of people are suffering from long term illness that prevent them from working.

At last, there are many individual that are facing mental health problems and alcohol abuse
which have serious implication on health and well being of borough resident (Robinson,
Lane-Martin and Corvo, 2021).
Likewise, there are around 13.8 per cent of people in Borough deprived from
employment as compared to England that is 12%. In short it rank, 76th highest out of 326
English local authority areas. At the same time, there is lack of attainment and skills in the
local population hence steps need to be taken by local authority to improve the skills,
knowledge and capability of people (Mangan and et.al., 2021).
Key measures of the determinants of health
There are around 25.3% (778) of children that has been classified as obese which is
highly worse in comparison to the situation of England. 493 is the rate for admission within
the hospital because of alcohol related harm, hence it is around 1,085 admissions per year.
Life expectancy for birth in male and female is 79.3 and 83.2, while the mortality rate from
all cardiovascular diseases is 94.3 and under 75 mortality rate from all causes is 361.1 that
means it is getting worse year by year. In addition to this, there are various other factors that
determinate the overall health and well being of individual. Such as there are 25% of children
in Tower Hamlets that live in low income families, so they does not have equal access to all
the facilities that are prevailing within the society (Rajbangshi, Nambiar and Srivastava,
2021). But there are around 73.0 percentage of people that are employed in the borough thus
they have sufficient sources of income to life a better lifestyle. Statutory homelessness rate is
0.98 and Violent crime - hospital admission rate for violence is 46.2. 14% of adult are being
unemployed within the Tower hamlet borough and it has been find out that 1,395 young
people aged 16-24 claiming an out of work benefit. International migrations are the largest
drive of population with the hamlet.
Education is also one of determinants of the health; such as there are around 74,400
children and young people between the age 0 to 19 living within the borough. English (27%),
Somali (4%) and Bengali (54%) are three popular languages that have been mainly spoken by
maximum number of individual within the Borough. There are 37 school in tower Hamlet
that are “outstanding” while there are 3 school that require improvement and 60 schools are
good. Hence, overall the education level is good in the borough (Hagell, 2021). Attainment
level of girls in the school is high as compared to boys. Appropriate educational facilities

being offered by the borough to the student has contributed in improving their knowledge,
skills and capabilities to maximum extend.
Implications of finding of profiles:
The priority public health needs of the community
The priority public health needs are the needs which should be given priorities and
fulfilled as soon as possible. Some of these needs can involve community’s capacities to
address particular issues, abilities to have measurable effect on issue as well as the abilities of
hospitals and resources of communities to address those issues.
Priority public health needs of Tower Hamlet borough community
Public health needs of Tower Hamlet borough community are all about improving the
health of its population including promotion of mental or sexual health as well offering the
support to people who want to quit smoking. The priority public health needs of Tower
Hamlet borough community involves mental health support for children and young, driving
change in communities, COVID-19 , Sexual health, mental health and well-being as well as
maternity and early years care (Cassini and et.al., 2018).
The vulnerable and disadvantaged groups
Vulnerable and disadvantaged groups are the groups which experience a higher risks
of poverty and social exclusions than the other population. They involve the aged people,
migrant workers, sex workers, SC and ST, women, children and sexual minorities. The
Tower Hamlet borough community sis the most deprived borough in London. This
community of London struggles with inequality and poverty issues. In these community 56%
of children live in poverty.
Theories of health need
 Henderson’s health need theory: The theory states that there are various basic needs
of individuals which are considered as major components of health (Bauman and
et.al., 2021). To attain these components of health some assistance can be needed to
attain health and independence as well as for peaceful death.
 Bradshaw’s taxonomy of need: The theory helps in understanding how different needs
are expresses, measured and are perceived. The theory allows to take distinct needs
into account at the time of planning services. The theory also states that the taxonomy

do not perfectly fit as the needs are personal and subjective the environment as well as
there are chances that they might change with the passage of time. It categorises needs
into normative needs, felt needs, expressed needs and comparative needs.
Theories of population trends and transitions:
 Demographic transitions: It is the theory which states the changes in death rate and
birth rate as well as on growth rate of population. It states that the tendencies of birth
rate and death rate are different along with economic development.
 Nutrition transitions: They state the changes from a traditional diet towards the food
which are higher in sugar, fats, salts and meat as the lifestyles in countries are
becoming more industrialised and people have started adopting sedentary lifestyles.
 Epidemiological transitions: This states the changes of population mortality, fertility,
causes of death, life expectancy and age distributers as well.
The theories of health and theories of population trends and transitions describe the
demographic data and causes behind the data of a particular community. Through these
statistical data the community profile of a particular community can be interpreted
(Charoendee and et.al., 2018).
As per Community-based asset development approach (ABCD), “The community assets are
the assets which are found in community and revolve around associations, institutes as
individuals as a whole to realise as well as to develop their strengths”.
As per the Community-based asset development approach (ABCD) every person have a gift
with rare perception. It means every person have personal knowledge and skills which they
can and want to contribute. It also states that there is no on which is not needed in community
and the gifts of every individual must be discovered. What the communities are lacking must
be analysed so that they can be added to future community profiles and community health
needs assessments for better and effective planning of community health needs (Bai and
et.al., 2018).
CONCLUSION
It can be concluded that Assessment of population health is necessary fir
measurement if knowledge, health status and intelligence in a community. Community health

needs describe the identification and analysis of health needs of communities and community
health profiling is associate with gathering information. The population indicators represent
the characteristics of a certain population for analysis the key demographic features and
measure of inequalities etc. The Public health needs of Tower Hamlet borough community
mental health support for children and young, driving change in communities, COVID-19 ,
Sexual health etc. The theories of need and population trends provides data on which
community health assessments can be drawn.
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