Population Health Assessment: Tower Hamlets Community Analysis Report

This report presents an assessment of population health, focusing on the Tower Hamlets community in the UK. It begins with an introduction and background on community health assessments, emphasizing the importance of identifying community needs and providing equal health facilities. The report then provides a community health profile, including demographic data, such as population size, age distribution, ethnicity, and language spoken, and key measures of determinants like ethnicity, language, and deprivation levels. The findings section highlights public health assessment needs, health inequalities, and comparisons with national averages, such as life expectancy, child health, and adult health indicators. The report also discusses various health theories, including the deficit model, strength model, and Bradshaw's taxonomy of need, as well as population trend theories like demographic and epidemiological transitions. Finally, the report concludes by summarizing key findings and emphasizing the significance of community health needs assessments in addressing health inequalities and improving population well-being.

Assessing population
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Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................3
BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................................3
COMMUNITY HEALTH PROFILE .............................................................................................4
FINDINGS ......................................................................................................................................5
CONCLUSION ...............................................................................................................................6
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................8
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INTRODUCTION
In a country there are various types of communities exists. Each one follows different
ethics, beliefs, etc. it is important to identify the needs of those communities so that it can be
fulfilled. This leads to enhancing their social life. However, needs of community varies from one
another. This depends on demographics of people living within that community. Health
assessment helps in finding out their needs (Bevan, 2019)
In this essay tower hamlets community is taken. It will be described about their health
needs, health profile and how it relate to community health assessment. Moreover, it will be
explained about community demographic characteristics, measure of determinants of health, etc.
Besides that, theories related to health will be discussed in essay.
BACKGROUND
In UK there are many diversified people living. Here, each of them belongs to a
particular community. It is necessary for government to provide basic and equal health are
facilities to all people. This is because to fulfil their needs and improve social status as well.
Every community needs varies from one another. So, the needs has to be determined to provide
care services. A community health needs assessment (CHA) is procedure of identifying and
analysing health needs of a specific community in particular region. In this health needs are
prioritised and then proper planning is done on how to fulfil those needs. This is done to collect
data about every community and share it with hospitals (Katzner, Braham, and Yee, 2020). So,
on basis of those info hospitals provide those benefits to community which fulfil their health
needs. Moreover, the need assessment provide a platform to improve communication between
hospital community benefit and their efforts to enhance health of people.
Community health profile reflect a specific community. It includes all data and info
related to that community. The data is based on various measures and factors such as age,
gender, education, health status, etc. it is found that health profile is related to needs assessment
as on basis of community profile the health needs assessment is done. This makes it easy to find
out needs of particular community. So, accordingly plans are prepared on how to fulfil those
needs. These both concepts are interrelated to one another as any change in one will directly
impact on another (Maantay, and Maroko, 2017).
Monitoring and surveillance refers to observing a particular plan of action closely to find
out whether outcomes are attained or not. In a community health needs assessment it is
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necessary to monitor it closely. This is because it helps in ensuring that health needs are been
fulfilled or not. Besides that, if there needs to be make any change in assessment than quickly it
can be done in effective way. Furthermore, closely observing of things makes it efficient in
allowing things to be done ensuring that assessment is carried out in appropriate way.
COMMUNITY HEALTH PROFILE
In UK there are several types of communities living in various regions and areas of
country. They all vary from one another on basis of different factors such as health needs,
demographics, status, social life, etc. moreover, their beliefs, values, ethics, are different as well.
Along side, there are basically four indicators on basis of which communities health is measured.
They are demographic, determinants, deprivation, and health status. So, on basis of these it
becomes easy to find out health inequalities between communities (Méndez, Marsden, and
Lloyd, 2019). In addition, the indicators reflect on entire health status of people. Hence, it
becomes easy to fulfil needs in effective way. Here, Tower Hamlets community profile is taken
from public health England. They come under the area type of Unitary authority and lives in
London.
Now, the community demographic state that population of Tower Hamlets is 307,964 in
2017. Among them, people below age of 16 are 62,489, between 16- 24 are 39,871, age 25- 64
are 186,538 between age 65- 84 are 16,663 and above age 84 are 2403. Also, it is found that
most of males and females of this profile are between age 25- 35. Besides that, it is analyzed that
the key measures of determinants is ethnicity and language. In that ethnicity and language of
Tower Hamlets are black and minority population is 139,277, people those who are not white
UK are 174, 865 and those who can not speak English well are 19,307 as per data of 2013. thus,
it is found that among 8 % of Tower Hamlets people can not speak English from rest of UK that
is 1.7%. (Perez, Franco, and Moraes, 2018). Along with it, measures of deprivation are people
living in benefited household, children living in income deprived and old age people living in
pension credit one. Thus, deprivation of this community profile is that as per 2015 IMD score is
35.7% as compared to England that is 21.8%. As per numeric data it is analyzed that people
living in means tested benefit household in Tower Hamlets are 66,468, children living in income
deprived are 20, 649 and people above age 60 living in pension credit are 11, 015. furthermore,
income deprivation within community is 25.3%, child poverty is 39.3% and older people in
deprivation is 49.7%. therefore, in this all measures are worse than England. Now, measures of
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health status is child development and education. In that health status of Tower Hamlets
community is that child development at age of 5 is 1872 and achieving 5A GCSE is 1361. in
terms of percentage it is found that child development at age 5 is 55.2% and of England is
60.4%. It is found that child development is worse in Tower Hamlets as compared to England
(Sanchez-Guevara, Mavrogianni, and González, 2019).
FINDINGS
It can be evaluated from data and info gathered about Tower Hamlets profile is that there
are various public health assessment needs. The Tower Hamlets people are 20% of deprived
district in England. However, among 30.3% of children lives in families with low income. Thus,
the life expectancy of men and women is same as compared to average of England people. But
there are some health inequalities found within community. Here, life expectancy in men is 11.4
years low and in women is 4.8% low in deprived areas of Tower Hamlets as compared with least
deprived areas. Now, in child health 25.3% of children are classified as obese. So, it is below
than average of England children (Schuurman, Martin, and Randall, 2018). Besides that, it is
evaluated that level of GSCE, breastfeeding and smoking in pregnancy is high in average as
compared with England. Alongside, it has been identified that in adult health alcohol related
harm rate is 493 which is better than average of England. Thus, it reflect number of admission
per year is 1085. similarly, rate of self harm is 65 and again high than average of England. us, it
reflect number of admission per year is 210. other than this, excess in weight in adults is high in
average than England.
Therefore, the profile shows that vulnerable are those who live in least deprived area of
Tower Hamlets. They main thing is low life expectancy rate of those people.
There are various theories of health needs which can be used to describe needs of Tower
Hamlets community. The health theory of deficit model state that poor people are poor because
of their moral and intellectual deficiencies (Turner, de Rivera, and Ruiz, 2016). They are not
able to find enough resources to fulfil their needs. Besides, their thinking capability is low which
makes results in deficiencies.
However, strength model of heath asset theory describe that how individual can control
their behaviour and natural desire so that they are able to attain long term goal. These goals are
already within codes of behaviour and social norms of individual. Moreover, the theory shows
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that failure to self control results in many social and personal problems. However, self control
behaviour support in reducing obesity and use of alcohol.
The bradshaw taxonomy of need consists of 4 types of needs that are normative, felt,
expressed and comparative. Here, normative needs are those which is based on knowledge. In
this the standard are set by professionals, scientist, etc. by which actual standard is compared. In
below that standards support services needs are there. The felt need is what people want. It is
referred to service users who are having high expectations. This needs can be deflated by
potential users rejection (Weiser, Spielfogel, and Liao, 2020). Now, the expresses needs are
those that is unmet. The needs are not demanded until it is required. Social services include few
resources and education. Industrial safety can be rise against political activity of government. At
last the comparative needs is measured by user already receiving service.
The theories of population trends are demographic, epidemiological and nutrition
transition. Here, demographic transition shows that how population changes with time. In this
there are 4 stages that are pre modern, urbanisation, mature industrial and post industrial.
The epidemiological transition shows sudden rise in population due to food security and
changes in public health as well as medicine. It resulted in decrease in fertility rate. However, the
infectious diseases increase life span because of improved health care services as those disease
can be prevented. Nutrition transition refers to shift in diet consumption of energy spend along
with demographic, economic and epidemiological changes.
The community based development approach is helps in providing assistance to those
who are vulnerable with help of UNHCR. It helps communities work to prevent social problems
and to deal directly with those that do arise, instead of having external actors step in and assume
these responsibilities (Katzner, Braham, and Yee, 2020). It supports persons of concern in re
establishing familiar cultural patterns and support structures. Indeed, the goals are to reinforce
the dignity and self-esteem of people of concern and to empower all the actors to work together
to support the different members of the community in exercising and enjoying their human
rights. In this asset defined are individual, institutions, association, etc.
CONCLUSION
From above it can be summarised that a community health needs assessment (CHA) is
procedure of identifying and analysing health needs of a specific community in particular region.
Community health profile reflect a specific community. It includes all data and info related to
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that community. However, from data it is observed that the vulnerable are those who live in least
deprived area of Tower Hamlets. There is inequality in life expectancy of people. Besides that,
income deprivation, child poverty and deprivation of old people is also poor as compared to
England. The deficit model state that poor people are poor because of their moral and intellectual
deficiencies and strength model describe that how individual can control their behaviour and
natural desire so that they are able to attain long term. Moreover, bradshaw taxonomy of need
consists of 4 types of needs that are normative, felt, expressed and comparative. The
demographic transition shows that how population changes with time. In this there are 4 stages
that are pre modern, urbanisation, mature industrial and post industrial. epidemiological
transition shows sudden rise in population due to food security and changes in public health as
well as medicine.
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REFERENCES
Books and journals
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throughout Lagan Valley Regional Park, Northern Ireland.
Katzner, T.E., Braham, M.A. and Yee, J.L., 2020. Assessing population‐level consequences of
anthropogenic stressors for terrestrial wildlife. Ecosphere, 11(3), p.e03046.
Maantay, J. and Maroko, A., 2017. Assessing population at risk: Areal interpolation and
dasymetric mapping. In The Routledge Handbook of Environmental Justice (pp. 190-
206). Routledge.
Méndez, D., Marsden, S. and Lloyd, H., 2019. Assessing population size and structure for
Andean Condor Vultur gryphus in Bolivia using a photographic ‘capture‐
recapture’method. Ibis, 161(4), pp.867-877.
Perez, M.F., Franco, F.F. and Moraes, E.M., 2018. Assessing population structure in the face of
isolation by distance: Are we neglecting the problem?. Diversity and
Distributions, 24(12), pp.1883-1889.
Sanchez-Guevara, C. Mavrogianni, A. and González, J.N., 2019. Assessing population
vulnerability towards summer energy poverty: Case studies of Madrid and
London. Energy and Buildings, 190, pp.132-143.
Schuurman, N., Martin, M. and Randall, E., 2018. The development of a spatial palliative care
index instrument for assessing population-level need for palliative care services. Health
& place, 49, pp.50-58.
Turner, B.C., de Rivera, C.E. and Ruiz, G.M., 2016. Assessing population increase as a possible
outcome to management of invasive species. Biological invasions, 18(2), pp.533-548.
Weiser, R., Spielfogel, J. and Liao, K., 2020. Assessing Population, Service Needs, and Service
Coverage.
Online
Demographic transition, 2018. [online] available through :
<https://pages.uwc.edu/keith.montgomery/Demotrans/demtran.htm >
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