Leadership and Management in Toyota: An Operations-Focused Analysis

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of leadership and management practices within Toyota, a leading automobile manufacturer. It begins with an introduction to Toyota's organizational structure, highlighting its hierarchical framework and its impact on maximizing efficiency. The report defines the roles of leaders and managers, outlining their functions, skills, and approaches, and differentiates between them. It explores various leadership and management roles within Toyota by analyzing different organizational situations, such as employee conflicts, turnover, and financial crises. The report then evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of different leadership and management approaches, including the systems theory and situational theory, drawing conclusions to support leadership theory. It also examines Toyota's key operational functions, identifying the roles and responsibilities of managers in these functions. The report defines key operational approaches such as TQM, JIT, and Kaizen, and evaluates the impact of external business environment components on decision-making. It concludes by defining how operational efficiencies can be improved to successfully meet business objectives and offers recommendations for further improvements within the enterprise.

MANAGEMENT AND
OPERATION

Table of Contents
MANAGEMENT AND OPERATION ..........................................................................................1
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
ACTIVITY 1 ...................................................................................................................................3
Introduction to chosen organisation and its management structure.............................................3
Definition of leader and managers with functions, skills and approaches...................................4
Description on analysis of different roles of leadership and management by application of
different organisation situation....................................................................................................6
Define strength and weaknesses of differ approaches to leadership and management to draw
conclusion that supports leadership theory..................................................................................7
Conclusion on how leader and manager impact on enterprise and suggest measures for future
improvements...............................................................................................................................8
ACTIVITY 2 ...................................................................................................................................8
Introduction to key operations of organisation............................................................................8
Description on details of key operational function and identify role and responsibilities of
managers in key operation...........................................................................................................9
Define the key operational approaches to operational management by considering TQM, JIT
and Kaizen...................................................................................................................................9
Evaluation of the impact of external business environment components that affect decision
making........................................................................................................................................10
Define how operational efficiencies can improved to successfully met business objectives....11
Conclusion and recommendations for further improvements within enterprise........................11
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................1

INTRODUCTION
Operation management termed out as the administration of the business practices that
aids to create the high level of efficiency within enterprise (Berry, Broadbent and Otley, 2019).
Therefore, management is crucial factor that main aim is to organized activity that aids to run out
areas of managerial working. Thus, operations and management to the enterprise are significant
factors that define as the process of administer and control the affairs of the enterprise.
Therefore, main purpose is to maintain such business environment that aids to work together and
also assist to accomplish business objectives effectively and efficiently.
The present report is based on business activities of the Toyota enterprise, this is
Japanese multinational automatize manufacture and headquartered in Aichi Japan.
Furthermore, study will lay focus on activities as role of leader and function of manager,
application on role of leader and function of manager. Thus, assignment will demonstrate the
appreciation of role of leader and manager within operation function of enterprise. Also, study
will demonstrate the understanding of relationship among leadership and management.
ACTIVITY 1
Introduction to chosen organisation and its management structure.
The present report is based on business activities of the Toyota, it is automobile
manufacture that that produce more than 10 million vehicles. This also motivates the mass maket
adoption of the hybrid vechicles (Calás and Smircich, 2019). This is firm that deals in services as
financing, banking and leasding etc. In addition to this, the this is the motor vehicle btand that
inclusive of auto-mobile, engines, commercial and luxruy vehicle.
Management structure of Toyota-
The organisation structure of the chosen enterprise is mainly based on numerous
operational functions of firm that carries out by entity accross the world. This leading enterprise
follows the hierarchical structure that supports business objectives and staretgic aims to the firm.
Therefore, the main effectivness of the quoted entity in terms to maintaining the high and
strong global presense that reflects the ability to maximize the capacity utilisation and efficiency
(de Sousa Jabbour, Chiappetta Jabbour and Ribeiro, 2019). Thud, present organisatoon structure
defines the arrangement and patterns in the firm resources and processes.

Definition of leader and managers with functions, skills and approaches.
Manager is defined as an individual who is responsible for administering and controlling
an organisation and group of staff. On the other hand, leader is termed out as individual whose
action is to leading a group of people. It is termed out as the art of motivating group of individual
that leads towards to accomplish one common goal (Deterding, 2019). Therefore, management
and leadership termed out as process that aids to direct, guide and also influence the workers of
the enterprise to accomplish the desired goals. Additionally, it is termed out as the process of
social influence that maximise the other individual efforts and also assist toward to accomplish
long term goals.
Difference between leader and manager-:
Managers Leaders
Managers to the enterprise mainly administers
the current ways of working.
Leader to the entity high undertake the
activities and innovates the ways to find new
ways of working. It is art of motivating group
of people that work towards to attend common
goal. Therefore, leaders set the clear vision that
aids to organisation with help of effective work

process and builds morale to employees.
Manager to entity has subordinates. Leader to the enterprise has followers.
Manager to firm needs to deal with the issues
that are short term in nature.
Leader to the firm needs to put consideration
on longer term problems that exists.
Manager motivates the employees to give best
outcome.
Leader to the firm influence employees to offer
best outcome.
Management functions such as planning, organising, directing and controlling-:
 Planning- This is termed out as process and activities that needs to be taken in terms to
accomplish the common objectives. It inclusive of the creation and maintenance of plan
that allows to achieve objectives. Therefore, manager and leaders needs to undertake the
planning that aids to accomplish desired objectives.
 Organising- It is termed out as process that define the activities of the entire process and
also establish the relationship among them. Manager to the enterprise works among
group of individual and individuals (Gao and Yang, 2019). Under this, leader to the
enterprise set the clear vision for the enterprise that motivates the people to perform well
and in efficient manner.
 Directing- At this stage, this is crucial to directs the operational functions, manage and
govern them effectively. The role of manager to direct the workers to catty out the
function that aids to bring systematic performance. On the other hand, role of leader is
the ability that define firm objectives enthusiastically. They directs the managers to
undertake those things that aids to achieve desire goals. Controlling- This aids to determine the behaviours that aids to check the errors that aids
to accomplish the corrective actions. It is needs to be done in term to minimize the gap
between actual and planned performance. Therefore, the control in manager defines as
the setting the standards and to measure out the actual performance to undertake the
corrective actions. At this, the leader and management both plays the vital role to catty
business performance systematically.
Hard management skills and soft leadership skills-:

 Hard skills- It is defined as skill that is teachable and measurable abilities such as
reading, watching and ability to use the computer programs.
 Soft skills- This is termed out as traits that aids to make the good employee and theses
skills can be define as interpersonal skills and these are inclusive of communication,
flexibility, motivation and teamwork etc. Thus, leader to the enterprise must have soft
skill to perform business functions systematically.
Description on analysis of different roles of leadership and management by application of
different organisation situation.
Being one of leading automobile manufacture, Toyota ensures to run the business
functions effectively in any situation (Guo, Berkshire and Hermanson, 2019). Therefore, leader
and managers of this enterprise needs to perform the business roles in manner that aids to handle
complex situation that leads to impact the working of the enterprise.
Therefore, the varied situation that arise in Toyota are defined as-:
Employee conflicts- This is one of the common situation that leads to create the barriers that can
hamper the working of the enterprise. Thus, changes in operational functions, policies and
procedures of business enterprise leads to arise resistance among employees and helps to create
the environment that carried smooth working. Additionally, conflicts within employees can be
grievances between managers and supervisor of the enterprise. For example- Changes within
working timings without any prior motive that leads to arise the situation that creates the
conflicts among the employees (uo, Gu and Wang, 2019). It can hamper the performance of the
employees and might be affecting the working of enterprise. Therefore, the role of leader and
manager in situation as are-
 Manager- In this, manager to the enterprise needs to take the meetings with employees
and must take immediate actions that deals with arising situation. Manager is defined as
an individual that called out as to be responsible part of a company. He is an individual
who exercise the managerial functions primarily.
 Leader- They needs to calmly talk employees and this aids to understand their issues.
Therefore, the leader must communicate the employees issues to the management.
Employees turnover- This can be defined as situation where the employees are resigning and
living their job. Therefore, this affects working of overall management of enterprise that bring

higher level of productivity. It helps to arise the situation of resistance also demotivate the
employees that results in lower level of productivity.
For example- Manufacturing unit for the enterprise facing the situation as employees turnover
with each passing year that results in reduction in efficiency of enterprise. This kind of situation
can occurs due to improper hiring of the employees.
 Manager- The manager to the entity must frame the policies that aids to hire the skilled
labour workforce and must frame plan of actions that support to retain employees.
 Leader- in this, leader to the enterprise needs to motivates the employees and needs to
build better relationship. Therefore, proper training facilities needs to be given to support
employees and enhance their motivational level.
Financial crisis- This is defined as situation that can be occur at any point of time. Thus,
complexities within the financial crisis impacts the working of the enterprise in huge aspect. It
brings down the profitability and productivity of the enterprise (Zheng, Wang and Khoo, 2019).
For example- If the inflation rate rises then this also impacts the cost of raw material and
process of manufacturing.
 Manager- They needs to build the plan of actions that aids to undertake the plan and
helps to control the experiences of operational activities.
 Leaders- He needs to take the initiatives to build cordial relationship with suppliers and
tries to negotiate with him to reduce the price of raw materials.
Define strength and weaknesses of differ approaches to leadership and management to draw
conclusion that supports leadership theory.
The theories and approaches to leadership aids to conduct the business practices in
smooth and efficient manner. For this, leader needs to undertake the steps that aids to run
enterprise practices more smoothly. Herein, different approaches to leadership and management
outlined as-:
System theory- This is termed out as an effective theory that needs to be applied within the
corporation and this develops the environment in which employer can perform business function
effectively and enhance the firm productivity (Operations Management for Toyota, 2018).
Therefore, the major purpose of system theory aids to develop unifying principles that integrates
the business activities. In addition to this, it can be stated that Systems theory is a complex
philosophy that put the major focus on interdependence of individuals within group to help

understand and optimize the achievements of the system. This theory works as autocratic style
and that has major purpose is to complete the working activities of Toyota within less time and
employees must accomplish the project within set deadlines.
Strength-:
 This assist in undertaking identification of inefficiency within enterprise and must
provide the ways that eliminate it.
 It leads to timely accomplish the objectives in manner to increase business productivity
levels.
Weakness-:
 Demotivate the employees as there is no any involvement of employees within the
decision making process.
 This follows the autocratic style of leadership and this highly impacts the turnover rate of
employees and also results in loosing valuable employees.
Situational theory- This termed out as the adaptive leadership style. Thus, there is no any fixed
style for leaders. It will highly depend on the situation that assist the leader to adopt the plan of
action that supports to handle the situation. Therefore, this theory is effective within Toyota
entity and leads to perform under flexible working conditions. It is assumptions that is most
effective style of leadership that changes from situation to situation. In order to successful and
effective, leader needs to adapt his style and approach to diverse circumstances.
Strength-:
 This allows greater flexibility to employees.
 It supports in building healthier relationship among leader and employees to accomplish
the desired level of objectives in typical situation.
Weakness-:
 It does not let to focus on leaders in terms to long term goals.
 This is leadership that is mainly relies on to tell something to leaders instead of listening
them.
Conclusion on how leader and manager impact on enterprise and suggest measures for future
improvements.
Thence, this can be stated that leader and management both are crucial assets to the
enterprise. They need to undertake the steps that bring productivity and profitability to the

enterprise. Also, leader needs to lead the people that can help them towards to accomplish the
organisational goals. In addition to this, managers to the enterprise needs to perform their
business functions as to conduct the planning, organizing, directing and staffing the business
activities. In addition to this, effective framing of planning helps to establish the plan of action
that allows to coordinate the business activities in proper manner. Henceforth, manager is the
person who is responsible to undertake the business functions systematically by application of
suitable approaches.
ACTIVITY 2
Introduction to key operations of organisation.
Operation management of the Toyota needs to look over to scrutinised the quality of the
commodities. Herein, the main purpose of operation management department of the Toyota is to
undertake the steps that aids to ensure within efficient operations of business. In addition to this,
operations management of the firm is mainly responsible for manage the resources as well as
distribution of commodities efficiently. Thus, firm's supply chain process and plan of actions
plays the crucial role in undertaking daily operations. Therefore, major competitors of the Toyota
are as Volkswagen, Honda, Ford and General motors etc.
Description on details of key operational function and identify role and responsibilities of
managers in key operation.
Leader and manager plays the vital role in undertaking the business operations efficiently
to accomplish the business objectives. The contribution of management and leaders are
responsible to enhance the business productivity and efficiency that operates the business
enterprise to operate working in global level.
Role and responsibilities of manager-:
Manager of the quoted enterprise needs to take the steps that effectively manages the
activities of the enterprise. Thus, manger must be accountable for to enhance the efficiencies of
business organisation. Manager of the enterprise must plan, build plan of action and delegate
responsibilities to employees. The main role of management is performing is to take the
participation in conduct managerial functions such as planning, organising, leading and to
control the business activities systematically. Also, manager is responsible to articulates both
long term and short term objectives to ensure the firm longevity.
Roles and responsibilities of leader-:

The effective and efficient leader plays the role as to develop the strong workforce that
encourage the employees and assist them to develop them in professional manner. Therefore,
leader must have clear vision towards goals and objectives of the entity. At each level of the
Toyota, leader is placed as they influence the human force of the enterprise and this leads to
enhance the productivity and efficiency.
Define the key operational approaches to operational management by considering TQM, JIT and
Kaizen.
Operation management in the enterprise are considered as to be important area within
enterprise. It mainly undertakes the activities as planning, organising, directing and controlling
the business functions and to undertake plan of steps that bring effective performance. This is
dynamic approach that analyse the operational working of the entity. Therefore, key operational
approaches are outlined n in below contested manner as-:
Total quality management- This is termed out as management approach that mainly put
emphasise on to build long term success through customer satisfaction. TQM is defined as
management system that is highly customer focused and also inclusive of the continual
improvement in organisations (de Sousa Jabbour, Chiappetta Jabbour and Ribeiro, 2019). Toyota
adopts this approach as this allows to considering on exceeding customer satisfaction, to identity
the issues, building commitment and to promote open decision making among workers. With
help of this manager and leaders to the enterprise can identify the defects and can make decision
that aids to eliminate it. This results in streamlining the supply chain management to improve
satisfaction level of customer.
Six sigma- This is theory that is defined as disciplined, statistical and data driven approach.
Therefore, it is the tool that aids to measure out and eliminate the defects in process of
manufacturing and development. Thus, Toyota must apply this tool as this have effective control
over quality of commodities.
Just in time (JIT)- This is defined as system within operation management to undertake the plan
of action that aligns raw material orders from suppliers directly with process of production.
Within Toyota the Just in Time approach plays the crucial role as this aids to have systematic
inventory management. Therefore, time approach ensures to conduct the manufacturing process
of the units as per the set deadlines and improves the maximum level of efficiencies. This is one

of the effective strategy as this lowers down the cost of inventory, enhance efficiency and reduce
the wastage.
Kaizen approach- It is termed out as approach that put major emphasise over to undertake the
steps that leads to change for better or continuous improvement. Therefore, this put major focus
on its five elements as teamwork, to bring improvement in employee morale, quality circles,
improvement measures and personal discipline (Calás and Smircich, 2019). This is the approach
that put major focus over to embrace the small changes and to focus over to reduce the waste
from all processes of businesses with use of five elements. Thus, main strategy of the Kaizen is
to build the strategies at all the levels and firm must work together to proactively engage into
improvements in the manufacturing process.
Evaluation of the impact of external business environment components that affect decision
making.
Toyota is operating business activities at the global level. This is the firm that needs to
face the wide components of business environment components that impacts the growth and
success to enterprise. Therefore, these are outlined as-:
 CSR- The firm uses the approach of Corporate social responsibility to manage their
business process in effective and efficiency manner. This is tool that has positive impact
on society.
 Culture- This is defined as extensive components. Culture highly impacts that how
business function are best managed and that based on valued and prioritise. This has also
huge impact on functional areas of marketing, sales, distribution etc.
 Value and ethics- This is mainly shaped by social norms, cultural practices and also have
religious influences. If the business managers, employers continually makes decision
based on personal benefit may create legal liabilities for firm and can also affect
productivity.
 Sustainability- This is tool that aids to plays crucial role in order to gain competitive
advancement. This allows to conduct better decision making. Hence, it allows to
maximise the opportunities and leads to minimise the negative effects on core operations
of business.

Define how operational efficiencies can improve to successfully met business objectives.
In today's scenario, the operational efficiencies of the enterprise must undertake the
working as to planning, productive analysis and this also bring improvement by brining quality
assurance within commodities. By integrating workforce and to reduce the manual processes
enhance efficiencies and effectiveness of business operations. In order to conduct the effective
operational Working, the entity needs to improvise the internal and external customer service.
Toyota needs to undertake the workforce that aids to create the effective business process with
employees and must streamlines the communication with customers.
Conclusion and recommendations for further improvements within enterprise.
The suggestive measures are outlined as-:
 This is recommended that managerial authorities of Toyota should focus over quality
perspective of the products. This leads to enhance the working of the enterprise and also
improves the productivity as well profitability level of the enterprise.
 The managerial authority of Chosen enterprise should hire the skilled labour work force
so that they can able to build the effective strategies and decision that support the firm in
employee engagement. This result in to enhance customer satisfaction
CONCLUSION
From the above report this can be summarized that management and operational process
plays the vital role to bring out effective operation that leads to accomplish organisational goals.
The present study is based business of Toyota and this is leading Automobile manufacture.
Furthermore, study will outline the activities that aids to define and compare the roles and
characteristics of leader and manager. Thus, assignment has outlined the approaches and theories
to leader and manager that build operational working within the enterprise.

REFERENCES
Books and journals
Berry, A.J., Broadbent, J. and Otley, D.T. eds., 2019. Management control theory. Routledge.
Calás, M.B. and Smircich, L. eds., 2019. Postmodern management theory. Routledge.
de Sousa Jabbour, A.B.L., Chiappetta Jabbour, C.J. and Ribeiro, D.A., 2019. Decarbonisation of
operations management–looking back, moving forward: a review and implications for the
production research community. International Journal of Production Research. 57(15-16).
pp.4743-4765.
Deterding, S., 2019. Gamification in management: Between choice architecture and humanistic
design. Journal of Management Inquiry. 28(2). pp.131-136.
Gao, Z. and Yang, L., 2019. Energy-saving operation approaches for urban rail transit
systems. Frontiers of Engineering Management. 6(2). pp.139-151.
Guo, R., Berkshire, S.D. and Hermanson, P.M., 2019. Predicting intention to use evidence-based
management among US healthcare administrators: application of the theory of planned
behavior and structural equation modeling. International Journal of Healthcare
Management. 12(1). pp.25-32.
Huo, B., Gu, M. and Wang, Z., 2019. Green or lean? A supply chain approach to sustainable
performance. Journal of cleaner production. 216. pp.152-166.
Zheng, P., Wang, Z. and Khoo, L.P., 2019. A survey of smart product-service systems: Key
aspects, challenges and future perspectives. Advanced Engineering Informatics. 42.
p.100973.
Online
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