This report examines leadership and management principles, using Toyota as a case study. It begins by defining and comparing the roles and characteristics of leaders and managers, differentiating between them, and analyzing their roles in various organizational situations. The report then explores different leadership and management approaches, including contingency and system leadership, and assesses their strengths and weaknesses. A significant portion of the report focuses on Toyota's operations management, analyzing key approaches and how leaders and managers can improve operational efficiencies to meet business objectives. Furthermore, it considers the impact of external business environment factors on decision-making. The report concludes with an evaluation of the application of operations management and factors impacting the wider business environment.