Total Quality Management (TQM): Successes and Failures, Coursework

This essay delves into the realm of Total Quality Management (TQM), evaluating its successes and failures within organizational contexts. It begins by defining TQM as a holistic approach aimed at enhancing organizational productivity and customer satisfaction. The essay then highlights the importance of TQM, using examples of Toyota and iPhone 4 to illustrate its impact. It explores key theories of improvement, including Deming's and Crosby's approaches, and discusses their application in achieving organizational goals. The analysis covers the role of TQM in improving various aspects of a company, such as recruitment, product innovation, and overall company effectiveness. The essay also examines the importance of TQM in maintaining product quality and meeting customer demands, emphasizing its significance for long-term success. The assignment concludes by underscoring the importance of a comprehensive approach to quality management, including the adoption of strategies and policies that align with the organization's goals. The essay is a valuable resource for understanding the complexities of TQM and its role in organizational success.

INDIVIDUAL ESSAY

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS......................................................................................1
Role and importance of TQM.....................................................................................................1
Theories of improvement............................................................................................................3
Success of total quality management..........................................................................................5
Failure of TQM...........................................................................................................................6
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................8
APPENDIX....................................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
Total quality management is a term which means enhancement of organizational ability
in order to maximize their productivity by satisfying customer needs or desires. In other words it
is a holistic approach which is used by corporate world for long term success for continuous
improvement in every aspects of an enterprise (Abbott, 2014). First and foremost objective of
this assignment is to highlight the success as well as failure of total quality management with the
support of specific example such as; Toyota and iPhone 4. Along with this, it also throw some
lights on useful theories that is used by company for attaining their set goals in order to
maximize their organizational productivity. Apart from this, major role or significance of total
quality management is also outlined in this project for understanding the term in more deeper
sense.
ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
An organization is established for gaining maximum benefits by fulfilling the
requirement of entire society with the help of different aspects. In fact their main objective is to
provide qualitative products to their customers for capturing their attention and trying to gain
trust for positive future relations. Entire corporate world is making plans or policies for making
their company more effective (Allen and et. al., 2016). Along with this, they are also trying to
adopt useful strategy such as total quality management which is very appropriate for small and
large enterprises in order to enhance their organizational standards by focussing on every
aspects. Toyota is a very famous organization whose main aim is to offer qualitative and unique
vehicles to their desired customers by coming with innovative ideas or strategies. Thus, it has
been understood that main reason behind success of a company is only due to enhancing quality
of products for capturing attention of millions of customers. Therefore, total quality management
is a term which plays a very vital role in making an enterprise more effective by improving
overall corporation. For example; recruitment of skilled or talented staff members, introduction
of creative products, company enhancement, designing impressive plans or policies and so on.
Role and importance of TQM
Toyota is popularize automotive company in this sector by having its branches across
international boundaries in order to gain maximum benefits with the help of effective strategies
as well as policies. According to survey report it has been analysed that total quality management
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is a term whose main motive is to encourage entire corporation towards continual improvement
for attaining set objectives or goals in a defined time frame. Basically, most of the large
companies using this scheme in order to motivate their staff members towards regular
impoverishment because it has been seen as a most effective technique of goal attainment in a
minimum duration. Along with this, it also supports in identifying hidden issues or barriers
which creates problems for company while performing their business operations.
According to Bradley, (2016) total quality management is very indispensable for
achievement of company as well as improvement of overall staff members because this term has
focussed on every aspects of an organization and try to make them more effective. Moreover,
Toyota is focussing on this scheme for reducing their obstacles by minimizing wastage or extra
cost which is incurred in an enterprise while performing its business operations. On contrary to
this, Dewey and Rogers (2011) said that organization use this term for enhancing skills, learning
and talent of their staff members in order to encourage them towards personal or occupational
objectives as well as polish their overall personality. Along with this, it is also useful in directing
overall company towards corrective path for increasing their productivity by satisfying needs or
demands of local as well as foreign clients.
Consequently after analysing role of total quality management toward success of an
enterprise it has been identified that this strategy is very much essential or significance for
overall company development. Thus, it is indispensable for enterprise to make effective plans by
considering relevant facts or figures for managing entire association in a better way. Total
quality management is very much important for success of an organization because it helps them
in improving every aspect or department of Toyota which resulted in attainment of goal.
Importance of TQM:- This term is seen as a crucial parameter which make different an
enterprise from their competitors which ensures that changes in current system is necessary for
maximizing the productivity of a company. Along with this, it also used by managerial team for
reducing wastage by controlling unused materials and enforced employees towards performing
closely with suppliers. Additionally, one of the major thing which shows significance of this
scheme is that it helps staff members in making healthy relations with their colleagues or
partners while working in an enterprise. It also ensures that close relation will maintain in
between supervisors or subordinates in order to create a peaceful environment of an enterprise
which resulted in attainment of organizational objectives in a minimum time frame. Toyota is an
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association whose main aim is to design creative cars or vehicles in various types and trying to
increase their sales by using various strategies or promotional schemes. Quality management
trying to maximize more and more revenue by producing high tech items with unique features
which attract millions of clients.
Instead of all the above major objective of quality management team is to maintain the
quality of products by arranging best raw materials for manufacturing cars. Thus, it has been
understood that total quality management is not only focussing on single unit in fact it focused
on every department of a company which are engaging in an organization. Quality head of
Toyota company is always attentive towards all the section of an association because they
believe in improving overall enterprise. According to Gielen and et. al., (2010) it has been
analysed that an organization need to consider all the section of a company while enhancing the
quality or standard of an association for avoiding any mistake.
Theories of improvement
According to survey report it has been identified that number of scholars are coming up
with distinct of ideas in order to explain actual meaning or definition of total quality
management and its necessity for company success. In fact this term is explained by variant of
players whose main objective is to understand the importance of total quality management team
in an enterprise. Toyota is a very successful association whose major motive is to strengthen the
company position at marketplace with the use of numerous of schemes or marketing plans.
Basically, quality management team have adopted number of strategies and uses theories of
improvement in order to enhance entire association. Thus, various theories of total quality
management is described as follows:-
Demings' s theory:- This philosophy is entirely based on fourteen points of management
whatever is identified by theorist. In fact, this philosopher is known for his ratio in which he
described that; quality of an enterprise is equal to performance efforts over the complete cost
(Good, 2014). Thus, it has been understood that according to Demings theory if an enterprise is
focussing on their expenditure only then it may resulted in deteriorates of quality and rises of
cost. Therefore, four major points which is involved in continuous improvement is mentioned
below:-
System appreciation:- According to this an enterprise need to understand the method in
which company may processed and also learn working of system.
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Variation knowledge:- estimation of variation which occurred and causes of fluctuation.
Knowledge theory:- an understanding about specific term or topic.
Psychology knowledge:- learning of human nature or behaviour.
Thus, it has been analysed that after understanding the several kinds of knowledge
associated with an association employees can able to succeeded in maintaining their quality of
their work (Kassens-Noor, 2012). Apart from above elements, few of the major components of
selected theory is described as follows:-
1.)Create stability of goals.
2.)Utilized the new or fresh idea or concept.
3.)Regulate dependence on collective inspections.
4.)Do not award an association on the basis of price.
5.)Motive is to continuous enhancement and service improvement.
6.)Remove fear from the company.
7.)Eradicate quantity based work objective.
8.)Make sure that every recruited employees are properly trained or educated.
According to........plan-do-check-act (PDCA) is an effective cycle which was design for
continuous enhancement. Initially, while planning stage goals or actions are outlined after that its
time for execute planned strategy by implementing the procedure of improvement. Thirdly, its
time for checking the quality against real one and at the end of this cycle acting is necessary for
determining at what place reformation need to occur for continual improvement.
Crosby's theory:- This approach is coined by Philip Crosby which seems as a other
person whose main focus is on managing quality of products or services offered by various
enterprises. According to him, managerial team of a company needs to spend time or fund on
maintaining the quality for achieving other success. Thus, it has bee analysed that four major
components is explained by scholar for better understanding this technique (Kim and et. al.,
2013). Therefore, major steps which is used by Philip Crosby for improving their corporation is
stated below:-
1.)Achieve entire commitment from managerial team.
2.)Prepare a quality enhancement group.
3.)Make a metrics for each and every quality enhancement task.
4.)Identify cost of quality and highlight the method of impoverishing.
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5.)Required to train superiors in proper manner.
6.)Motivate employees towards removal of issues or barriers which affects their success.
7.)Try to create zero defects association.
8.)Make sure that workers and managers both of them understand the steps of quality
improvement.
9.)Make a incentives sessions for employees in order to motivate them.
10.)Create a council for quality and conduct regular meetings.
11.)Continue each and every step.
Consequently after going through above theories or approaches it has been understood
that total quality management is not an easy task which requires suggestion or advice from
experience or skilled persons in order to make perform accordingly. In fact above two theories
are also used by companies while managing their quality for capturing attention of customers.
Apart from all the above theories there are other approaches are also available which is used by
company for their betterment such as; Joseph Juran's theory, The EFQM framework, Ishikawa's
theory and so on (Lazzarato, 2012).
By concluding all these theories it has been analysed that Toyota needs to adopt useful
strategy or policies for managing their quality with the help of unique and different opinions
which is expressed by them. Meanwhile, different approaches are used by company in order to
maintain their product quality for establishing their goodwill at marketplace which is beneficial
for success of entire association. Therefore, managerial team of corporate world is focussing on
their qualitative team for achieving long term or short term targets in a minimum time period as
well as succeeded in gaining trust or loyalty of different customers.
Success of total quality management
Toyota is seen as a biggest example for total quality management tool because according
to this tool an enterprise need to focus on their product or service quality and always try to focus
on continual improvement. Along with this, major objective of this mode is to encourage
enterprise towards enhancement in vehicles features such as ; average, outer look, smoothness,
high tech tyre, tube, storage, stiffness and various other facilities which makes cars of Toyota
more attractive (Locke, 2014). In past few years team of selected association is not focussing on
their quality due to shortage of funds, presence of minds, ideas and so on. But after emergence of
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advanced technology or modernization of world encourage company members towards change
according to current trends with the use of various tools or techniques.
According to Parks and Gowdy, (2013) total quality management is a word which
signifies that an individual or association needs to focus on their goods quality, features,
positivity and several other things which makes them differentiate from others. Along with this,
they are also designing strategies for eradicating issues or barriers for attaining success in a
given time frame. Hence, in order to develop an enterprise internally as well as externally
managers needs to design policies of change or reformation in current plans by enhancing overall
enterprise.
Benefits of TQM:- According to Piaget, (2013) management of quality is indispensable
for success or upliftment of a company because after establishment of modern world most of the
individuals are focussing on quality in order to maintain their standard in society. Thus, various
advantages of this tool is stated under:-
1.)Change the environment of an enterprise.
2.)Encourage employees towards personality development.
3.)Raising the livings standard of overall staff members.
4.)Design products according to current trends and choice of domestic as well as foreign clients.
5.)Prepare strategies for attainment of goals.
6.)Maximize the sales of a company.
7.)Establish the positive goodwill at marketplace.
8.)Maintain the environment of an enterprise which create a healthy relations between
employees or employers.
9.)Analyse the hidden barriers or issues which create problems while development.
Hence, after analysing all the above data or information it has been analysed that total
quality management is a very much essential for small or large companies because it helps in
attaining set objectives or goals. Along with this Toyota become leading company amongst
entire automotive industry because of this technique. Thus, it has been proven that usage of
effective tool is necessary for small as well as large companies.
Failure of TQM
Total quality management is a very complex term which requires suggestion or advice
from experience or talented person in order to apply it in a proper way by considering relevant
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facts or figures. In fact, this tool consist of various stages which is required to consider while
making designing plans or policies for changing current trends or products. Iphone4 which is
launched by Apple one of the famous organization across the world in a previous years for
gaining maximum benefits or revenue by seeking attention of millions of customers in a
minimum time period. Along with this they are adopting very smart techniques for promoting
this products or services at international marketplace such as; advertisement with the help of TV,
newspapers, social media, magazines and so on (Ulaga, 2011). Additionally they are also using
total quality management process by highlighting positive features of iPhone in front of the
public so that they get succeeded in increasing their sales in a defined time period. Moreover,
they also want to become a leading player in telecom sector over the seas because of their
qualitative product.
According to survey report in recent time period it was liked by maximum number of
individuals but after few time period they are technique of TQM is failed in seeking attention of
youngsters because they demand more. Unfortunately, method of maximization in sales which is
using by apple is collapsed and rejected by society due to number of reasons. According to
Venkatesh and et. al., (2013) said that in coming years number of weaknesses are identified in
iPhone 4 in which few of them are explained below:-
First and foremost reason is blur pictures.
Inconsistent networks which may hamper the work of many more business men's while
travelling.
Instant hang or off.
Apart from this, various other hidden problems are also available in this device which
affects life of normal human beings. Thus, after surveying it has been understood that company
is only focussing on their quality while designing new device and as per total quality
management team uses costly raw materials for making qualitative products with high price. On
country to this, Inhelder, (2013) said that Toyota was also adopted this technique for attaining
their organisational objectives in an efficient manner.
At the end it has been analysed that organizational effectiveness is totally depend upon
technique which is used by company while making plans, policies or strategies which is followed
by entire association. Hence, it is understood that total quality management act as a indispensable
tool or technique of while manufacturing or designing new products or services at marketplace
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by considering relevant facts or figures. Along with this, major motive of this tool is to focus on
best quality of goods by using suitable or standardised raw materials.
Apart from this, TQM is mainly segmented into four different parts which is; plan, do ,
check and act which is known as PDCA cycle. It means initially an enterprise is going to plan
their schemes according to requirement of items , then do employees need to develop an
effective solution that is defined in first phase and try to overcome issues. After that they are
trying to check the entire process by doing comparison between before and after in order to
measure the outcomes (Piaget, 2013). At the end its time for acting towards other barriers for
achieving set targets in a minimum time frame. Therefore, corporate world needs to use this
strategy for gaining maximum benefits as soon as possible such as; Toyota and apple as well as
various other competitors.
CONCLUSION
From the above report it has been summarized that total quality management plays a very
crucial role in attaining set objectives or goals of an association because it helps in encouraging
employees towards their personal or organizational targets. Major objective of this assignment is
to shows that improvement in quality is indispensable part for every small-medium-large
organization because it helps in attracting millions of customers by satisfying their needs or
demands. Thus, Toyota is a biggest example of total quality management because this enterprise
was adopted this technique for increasing their sales by polishing quality of products offered by
them. Apart from this, iPhone 4 is a another example which shows the drawbacks of using this
tool. Hence, at the end of this assignment it has been understood that total quality management
act as a very crucial tool in success or failure of company.
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REFERENCES
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the Sixth International Conference on Learning Analytics & Knowledge (pp. 114-123).
ACM.
Bradley, F.H., 2016. Appearance and reality: A metaphysical essay. Routledge.
Dewey, J. and Rogers, M.L., 2012. The public and its problems: An essay in political inquiry.
Penn State Press.
Gielen, S and et. al., 2010. Improving the effectiveness of peer feedback for learning. Learning
and instruction. 20(4). pp.304-315.
Good, G., 2014. The Observing Self (Routledge Revivals): Rediscovering the Essay. Routledge.
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higher education: The case of sustainable tweets. Active Learning in Higher Education.
13(1). pp.9-21.
Kim, K., Sharma, P., Land, S.M. and Furlong, K.P., 2013. Effects of active learning on
enhancing student critical thinking in an undergraduate general science course.
Innovative Higher Education. 38(3). pp.223-235.
Lazzarato, M., 2012. The making of the indebted man: An essay on the neoliberal condition.
Locke, J., 2014. Second Treatise of Government: An Essay Concerning the True Original, Extent
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essay. Ecosystem Services. 3. pp.e1-e10.
Piaget, J., Inhelder, B. and Piaget, J., 2013. The growth of logical thinking from childhood to
adolescence: An essay on the construction of formal operational structures (Vol. 84).
Routledge.
Ulaga, W., 2011. Investigating customer value in global business markets: Commentary essay.
Journal of Business Research. 64(8). pp.928-930.
Venkatesh, V and et. al., 2013. Development of task understanding and monitoring in
information retrieval environments: demystifying metacognitive and self-regulatory
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essay-writing skills. In International Handbook of Metacognition and Learning
Technologies (pp. 277-291). Springer New York.
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APPENDIX
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