Report on International Trade, Enterprise, and Labor Mobility

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of international labor mobility and its effects on various countries. It examines the concept of globalization and its impact on organizational productivity, along with an analysis of international trade practices. The report explores the reasons for labor migration, including salary expectations, unemployment levels, and corruption in host countries. It delves into the economic effects of international labor mobility, referencing Adam Smith's theories and highlighting the importance of labor mobility in addressing unemployment in European nations. The report also discusses migration patterns, popular destinations for migrants, and the potential for increased global wealth through the elimination of trade barriers. It concludes by emphasizing the significant economic impacts of international labor mobility on both destination countries and laborers.

Running head: INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND ENTERPRISE
International Trade and Enterprise
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author note

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Executive Summary
The report has helped in the overall analysis of the different kinds of factors which are
responsible for the labor mobility in the different countries. The concept of globalization has
been analyzed which helped in analyzing the different kinds of reasons which will help in
improving the overall productivity of the organization in a negative manner. Furthermore, the
different kinds of analysis of the international trade and practice will help in improving the
different kinds of activities in a positive manner. Lastly, the different causes of globalization
has been explained which helped in managing the overall productivity of organization.

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Table of Contents
Introduction................................................................................................................................3
Process of International Mobility of Labour..............................................................................4
Reasons for Labour Migration...............................................................................................4
Economic Related Effects of International Mobility of Labour............................................5
Supplementary Level of Economic Influence of International Mobility of Labour............12
Conclusion................................................................................................................................14
References................................................................................................................................15

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Introduction
The report helps in the analysis of the international labour mobility along with the
effects of the same on different countries. Globalization is defined as the major process of
intensified international kind of trade along with competition. Furthermore, with the
implementation of globalization, this helps in enabling the movement of the different goods,
services technology, labour along with the different production factors across the different
borders. When the different kinds of countries try to use the resources in an efficient manner,
this will help globalization in enhancing the overall growth along with the social welfare of
the country in a positive manner.
With the implementation of globalization, this will help in analysing the level of
competition and whether the country has the certain kind of potentiality and stability of the
different resources of production along with resources as well. The trade theory helped in
suggesting that the globalization will be analysing along with equalising the different kinds of
prices of the different kinds of products as this will help in efficient resource allocation.
Furthermore, this is beneficial in nature for the different customers as the respective theory
helps in suggesting that there is high competition and these provides the different companies
will be in a position to provide low prices of the different products and services to the
different customers (Van Der Ploeg & Poelhekke, 2017).
This has been analysed and identified that the level of the competition is existing
between the different organizations and the various types of industries which operate in
various countries. In the present era, this has been noticed that the competition level has
increased between the various workers who are performing similar kinds of tasks in various
countries. The level of competition is beneficial for the different workers in the organization,
however this can be difficult for the other workers as well (Argent & Tonts, 2015).

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The report is based on the entire analysis of the entire internationality mobility of the
labour among the different countries. The movement of the labour between the different
countries and the reasons behind the entire movement is considered to be an essential factor
in the entire economics. The entire analysis is based on report which is based on the different
techniques on the different techniques through which the movement of the labour will be in a
position to affect the business and the international organizations (Auty, 2017).
Process of International Mobility of Labour
Reasons for Labour Migration
There are different kinds of reasons which are required to be considered in analysing
the labour migration in various countries.
Firstly, the different labourers and employees mainly aim for gaining huge salaries as
this will help them in selecting the different countries which help them in receiving higher
salaries than the others. The unemployment level in the different nations can be caused as this
can lead to immigration of the labour.
Secondly, the different kinds of networks which will be developed among the
different kinds of relatives and this has helped the different developed countries in retaining
and attracting the different employees.
Lastly, the huge level of the corruption in the host country has led to the migration of
the different employees in the other countries and this can reduce the talent of the employees
in the host country.
From the different points, this can be analysed that globalization is taking place in
every country on the entire planet. However, the effects of the globalization are different in
various countries or nations. For instance- The expansion of the trade is rapidly increasing at

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a rapid speed especially in the respective countries wherein the trade with low wage
countries. Moreover, due to the immense kind of improvements such as in transportation,
technology along with communication, now the condition is much better in nature as this has
helped the countries in handling the process of production. This has helped such nations in
moving the parts of the process of production to the different nations.
Additionally, outsourcing and offshoring the two main terms which are being used by
the companies when they try to move their process of production to abroad. The different
kinds of migrant labourers from the different developing countries in entire Asia are having
the entire power to provide high level of the commitments to the different economies of the
different nations in the entire world. In the last ten years, this has been analysed that the
migration of the different educated and skilled labourers has increased in a large manner.
Moreover, the knowledgeable and educated employees who have returned to their home
country has helped the country in increasing the effective kind of production which will
improve the overall production of the country in a positive manner (Jurje & Lavenex, 2015).
Economic Related Effects of International Mobility of Labour
There are various kinds of economic effects of the international mobility of labour
which is required to be analysed in an appropriate manner. Adam Smith tried to analyse the
different kinds of factors which is related to international labour mobility. Firstly, this has
been identified that when the similar kind of products are available in the market of the
foreign country, this will be a better option for the individuals to purchase the same products
from such market and not from the host country (Bense, 2016).
Therefore, this can be analysed that through this, the organizations try to gain
competitive advantage in the market which will be helpful in the different kinds of operations
which takes place in the different kinds of countries. As per Hansen (2015), the options

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related to free trade are being provided to the different kinds of organizations which will be
helpful in gaining comparative advantage in the entire competitive industry in a positive
manner (Hansen, 2015). The labour mobility in the European Nations is low and as per the
commission of Europe between the year 2000 to 2005, this was being noticed that in EU,
there was only 1% of the population who are of working age and they have moved to the
different nations or state altogether (Bauder, 2015).
Lower mobility is seen as resulting in higher equilibrium unemployment and in order
to cope with the higher rate of unemployment, this is essential in nature to increase the
mobility rate of the labour is essential in nature (Bearce & Hart, 2017). For instance- This
can be analysed and seen that increase in the labour mobility was gone along with the
decrease of more than 5 million unemployed people. The labour mobility might help the
different labour market in order to cope with the difference between the supply and demand
of the different workers in different European regions.
Figure 1: Repelling borders of International Labour Mobility

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(Source: Choi et al., 2015)
The different results of World Gallop Poll, more than 40% of the different adults are
known to inhabit poorest quintile of nations of the entire world. The skilled workers are ready
to huge amount of money as to enter into the different developed countries for the different
kinds of purposes along with paying hefty fees to smugglers as to gain jobs in different states
of United States. The different major reasons behind all over the investments which will
make the labourers in gaining huge opportunities of employment and earn effective level of
wages (Carney & Gushulak, 2016).
International Migration occurs when the different individuals cross the boundaries of
the state and stay in the host countries for the minimum length of the time. There are various
causes of migration among the different labourers in different countries as there are various
kinds of economic opportunities in the other country (Andrijasevic & Sacchetto, 2016). The
other individuals migrate to be with the different family members who have tried to migrate
as there are different kinds of political conditions in the host countries (Findlay & Lundahl,
2017).

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Figure 2: Labour Mobility
(Source: Choi et al., 2015)
Furthermore, education is the other major reason which is required to be analysed in
an effective manner for the international kind of migration as the students try to pursue their
studies abroad. There are few main reasons which are required to be taken into consideration
behind the different kinds of investments which are being made by the various labourers as to
gain various kinds of jobs in the various foreign countries which help in earning effective
level of wages in the respective work environment of the different countries (Fornalé, Guélat
& Piguet, 2016).

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Figure 3: Expected Wages Gained
(Source: Jayaraman & Ness, 2015)
There are different kinds of destinations which are popular in nature which is
inclusive of the following countries such as: Germany, France, United Kingdom, United
States and Australia. These respective countries are the ones which is capable of providing
the different kinds of effective and appropriate kinds of chances of improvement which is
required to help the migrants in becoming successful in various areas of their choice and gain
more competitive advantage in the entire market as well (Choi et al., 2015). There are various
kinds of skilled and educated workers or labourers who have migrated into the United States
of America wherein around 10,000 dollars PPP in a particular year is being considered to be
double that of the developing country in an efficient manner (Jayaraman & Ness, 2015).

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Figure 4: Migrant Stock till 2017
(Source: Rain, 2018)
From the above figure, this can be analysed that till the year 2017, there has been
huge increase in the rate of the migrants travelling to the different developed countries which
helped them in becoming successful in the different approaches and gain more knowledge on
the different impacts of migration to the developed countries. In North America, this has been
noticed that there have been more than 58 million migrants who have shifted there and the
main focus of the company is on the different kinds of approaches which is helpful in
becoming successful (Sunam & McCarthy, 2016).

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As hypothesised by Donato et al., (2016), the elimination of the entire trade-based
barriers has been able to increase the level of the global wealth between the overall
percentage of more than 50 along with 150. The increase in the entire level of the global
capital is considered as the higher in nature in comparison which will be gained with the help
of movement of the goods and capital on the international basis. The effective kind of
analysis which has been done in analysing the international mobility of the labour is based on
the various kinds of economic kind of impacts. This can create huge impact on destination
countries along with the different labourers as well. The entire immigration of the process
will help in overall increasing the supply of the labour in an appropriate manner.
The immigrant kind of labour has the huge kind of potential in order to affect the
native kind of labour in different kinds of developed countries. On the other hand, the process
of substitution of the native kind of labour by the various immigrants are not always possible
in nature as the different immigrants are not skilled in nature in performing the various kinds
of activities in the entire organization. Moreover, the sub populations of the immigrant
labourers are being able to act as the direct kind of substitutes of the native labour.
Reddy and Sarap (2017), has commented and hypothesised that the level of wages is
being provided to the different native workers. This affects them in a negative manner in
different kinds of countries and the different kinds of wages are being offered to the various
immigrants in such a manner which will be helpful in managing the labour force and markets
in the different developed countries or nations. The immigrant’s entry in various kinds of
positions in the various countries are being able to affect the different activities which are
related to immigrants in a huge and ineffective manner (Melina,Yang & Zanna, 2016).
The employment along with the different immigrants have quite less impact and
influence on the employment of the different natives in the United States of America.

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Moreover, the influx of the different kinds of migrants within the progress of the work
process in the different companies which operates in United States are being able to affect the
overall working hours of the various natives by around and more than 2 to 3 percentage. On
the other hand, Fuchs (2016), has commented that this kind of similar effect has been found
on the different kinds of natives of the other developed countries. Furthermore, there are
various kinds of negative impacts of the different types of wages which will be taking place
in various kinds of countries which is temporary in nature and reduced within time as well
(Saxinger, 2016).
There are different kinds of individuals who are tending to remain the different kinds
of emerging countries from wherein the different immigrants tried to depart and they can still
face the same kinds of consequences in the other countries as well in a negative manner. The
different immigrants’ movements from the native to the other developed countries for their
further growth has been able to affect the different kinds of wages of the different natives of
the different emerging countries.
Hansen (2015), has commented that as the UN specialized agency has faced various
kinds of issues related to labour wherein the ILO has been dealing with different kinds of
migration since the foundation of in the 1919. The very Constitution of the ILO helps in
specifically mandates the different organizations in the Preamble to provide proper attention
towards the overall protection of interests of the different workers when they are being
employed in the different kinds of countries other than their host country.
Migrant is the process in which this helps in promoting the ratification along with
implementation of the different kinds of international standards which helps in facilitating the
tripartite constituents in formulating along with implementing the different policies related to
migration which is inclusive of providing advisory kind of services along with forum for

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consultations. These serve as the global knowledge on the international migration of the
labour along with coordinating the different kinds of projects as this will help in
strengthening the capacity of the ILO’s tripartite constituents in an efficient manner.
Supplementary Level of Economic Influence of International Mobility of Labour
As per Hansen (2015), the international kind of labour mobility related process is
being able to increase the overall chances of the different citizens who will be following the
different kinds of policies which are being formed by the different kinds of countries. The
international kind of labour mobility-based process is not effective in nature in comparison to
the domestic mobility.
The potential kind of influence that the emigration has on migrant origin based
various countries which is the main subject of the interest for the reform along with proper
quality of the different institutions. Moreover, the labour movement from one country to the
other have created major environmental kind of impacts as well and this is one of the major
reasons for the entire environment degradation. The relationship has been developed between
the overall environmental impact of the different kinds of operations along with the level of
the income of the different labours.
The relationship has been able to developed between the different kinds of
environmental impacts of the operations along with income level of the labour in a positive or
negative manner. The different kinds of production activities which is related to the
international labour mobility affects the environmental along with cause the effective level of
the production in relating to degradation as well. The environmental degradation affects the
growth of the business and the entire growth of the overall economy as well. The entire
production is concluded to be environmentally friendly which helps in reducing the overall
impact on the overall environment.

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Additionally, as discussed by Hansen (2015), the major impact of the movement of
the different labourers from the native countries to the different kinds of developed countries
on the international level is based on the various techniques by which the different kinds of
urban areas are being affected. The level of the diversity in the different kinds of countries
are increasingly affected by the various types of communities which are present in the
different countries (Galgóczi & Leschke, 2016).
There are various kinds of factors such as age, income and education level along with
the different opportunities related to the job which helps in influencing the individual’s
participation along with the different households in the migration along with creating social
networks supporting as well. The different native employees or the different labourers had
left their own native country and entered the developed countries in a continuous manner
which will be a huge negative impact on the overall business of the organization as well
(Ewers, 2017).
The international kind of labour mobility-based process has created huge impact on
the economy of both developing along with developed countries. Furthermore, the
development of the additional kind of growth of the various countries is considered to be
main and major concern of international kind of movement of the different leaders from one
country to the other country. The main principle of the different comparative advantage is
being applied in the respective case has led to removal of the different barriers of the policy
as this helps in facilitating the labour movement (Nyce, Cohen & Cohen, 2016).
Conclusion
Therefore, this can be concluded that international labor mobility is essential factor
which helped in able to affect the overall economic kind of growth along with increase the
wealth of the country in a positive manner. Furthermore, the movement of the workforce is

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essential in nature which helps in providing the different kinds of opportunities to the
different laborers which helped in providing the different kinds of services along with
improving the level of skills of the employees in the organization as well. The different kinds
of developed nations are required to develop the various kinds of policies which will be
helpful in nature for the proper and appropriate growth of the different countries.
The entire movement is helpful and benefitting the developing countries along with
the overall growth of the developing economy as well. Lastly, the overall relationships which
have been developed between the various countries is an essential facilitator of the growth
along with the overall development of the both developed and developing nations in the
entire country. The different problems with the different kinds of problems relating to the
social integration will be helpful in managing the different kinds of issues in an efficient and
appropriate manner.

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