Traffic Light Controller Design Project: Semester 2

Desklib provides solved assignments and past papers to help students succeed.

DESIGNING A PRODUCT
THAT MEETS CUSTOMER’S
REQUIREMENTS
Traffic Light Controller
DATE
STUDENT NAME
Roll Number

Contents
Introduction............................................................................................................................................4
LO1 Plan a design solution and prepare an engineering design specification in response to a
stakeholder’s design brief and requirements......................................................................................4
1. Design brief.................................................................................................................................4
2. Importance of design brief specifications................................................................................4
3. Targeted design specifications..................................................................................................5
4. Scheduling project design.........................................................................................................5
4.1 Process of traffic light controller......................................................................................5
4.2 Block diagram....................................................................................................................6
4.3 Scheduling project design.................................................................................................6
5. Comparison of considered design with other products..........................................................7
LO2 Formulate possible technical solutions to address the student-prepared design
specification specifications....................................................................................................................8
Methodology.......................................................................................................................................8
1. Technical designs.......................................................................................................................8
1.1 Technical design 1..............................................................................................................8
1.2 Technical design 2..............................................................................................................9
1.3 Technical design 3..............................................................................................................9
2. Evaluation of designs.................................................................................................................9
3. Selection of final design...........................................................................................................10
4. Hardware and software designing tools.................................................................................10
5. Suggestion on selected design..................................................................................................10
LO3 Prepare an industry-standard engineering technical design report...................................11
1. Design elements of technical design.......................................................................................11
2. Design limitation......................................................................................................................11
3. Design specification role in project design............................................................................11
4. Compliance, safety, and risk management issues.................................................................12
5. Technical design effectiveness.................................................................................................12
1

LO4 Present to an audience a design solution based on the design report and evaluate the
solution/presentation...........................................................................................................................14
1. Presenting selected technical design.......................................................................................14
2. Strategy to present technical design.......................................................................................15
3. Effectiveness of presentation...................................................................................................15
4. Feedback on presented design................................................................................................16
5. Suggestion for design improvement.......................................................................................16
Conclusion............................................................................................................................................17
References..............................................................................................................................................18
Appendix 1: Schematic of final design...............................................................................................19
Appendix 2: PCB Layout....................................................................................................................20
2

List of Figures
Figure 1 Importance of design components.............................................................................................5
Figure 2 Block diagram of traffic controller system................................................................................6
Figure 3 Gantt chart of project design scheduling...................................................................................6
Figure 4 Critical path analysis of project schedule..................................................................................7
Figure 5 Schematic of design 1................................................................................................................8
Figure 6 Schematic of design 2................................................................................................................9
Figure 7 Evaluation of technical designs...............................................................................................10
Figure 8 Design elements of technical design 3....................................................................................11
Figure 9 Design specification role in project design.............................................................................12
Figure 10 State of circuit when red light of first signal and green light of second signal turned on.....13
Figure 11State of circuit when yellow light of first and second signal turned on.................................13
Figure 12 State of circuit when green light of first signal and red light of second signal turned on.....14
Figure 13 Prototype of traffic light controller.......................................................................................15
Figure 14 Evaluation of presentation strategy.......................................................................................16
List of Tables
Table 1 Desired specification of project..................................................................................................5
Table 2 Comparison of considered design with other products...............................................................7
Table 3 A sample of feedback questionnaire.........................................................................................16
3

Introduction
The traffic light controller systems has very much importance in city to regulate
traffic flow. The traffic light controller systems make sure road free from congestion and ease
of travelling. There are various types of traffic light systems available in market, contributing
towards the traffic flow enhancement. In perspective of traffic flow enhancement, we are
intended to design such traffic light system. We structure this report according to available
standard and try to compliance every possible standard for this project. The goal of this report
is to provide brief overview of project phases and delivery of system.
LO1 Plan a design solution and prepare an engineering design
specification in response to a stakeholder’s design brief and
requirements.
1. Design brief
Our project manager assign us a task of design and develop traffic light controller.
Produce possible design solutions and select one solution after testing. Make sure selected
design satisfy client.
2. Importance of design brief specifications
From design brief, we try to identify the important specifications of traffic light
system. We studied a traffic control system as reference to understand the working of system.
The reference study help us in identification of important components of system. The major
component of system is battery, counter IC, timer IC, and LED lights. Now, we assign these
components importance weightage according to project. We assign weightage on the scale of
1 to 100, where 1 being lowest and 100 being highest importance. The figure 1 illustrate
assigned importance weightage to different components. Next, we will define some
parameters on which we evaluate design solution. The parameters for evaluation are, i)
durability; ii) configurations and assembling; iii) weather tolerant; and iv) cost effectiveness
(Myr et al, 2015).
4

Battery Microcontroller Timer LED Lights
75
85
70
65
Figure 1 Importance of design components
3. Targeted design specifications
We meet with client to discuss design specifications from design brief. We also
propose some alternatives for design specifications. After meeting with client, we able to
have some requirement for project. These requirements are shown in table 1.
Table 1 Desired specification of project
Components Specification
IC Regulator CD4017
Timer 555 Timer
Diode 6x1N4007
Capacitors 10μF, 2x1μF
Resistors 100KΩ, 22KΩ, 3x220KΩ
LED Lights 4xGreen, 4xRed, 4xYellow
Battery 9V
4. Scheduling project design
4.1 Process of traffic light controller
The traffic light controller system operation possible with following components:
 Battery supply input power to sustain working of system
 Timer provide pulse to regulator to turned on LED for certain time
 IC Regulator turn on LED for certain time basis on provided pulse from timer
 Potentiometer provide the flexibility to turn on LED for longer or shorter time
 LED Lights are of three colors, red, yellow, and green
5

4.2 Block diagram
Considering process of traffic light controller system, figure 2 illustrate the block
diagram of its operation.
Figure 2 Block diagram of traffic controller system
4.3 Scheduling project design
Our first task in project design is to meet with client to discuss requirements and propose
alternatives if required. When desired requirement are specified in meeting, then we start our
research phase. In this phase we will conduct research on desired components of project to
make sure selected components compliance with industry standard. After that we start
developing technical design solutions and evaluate them. Through evaluation, we select a
final technical design for project. We send it to manager to get feedback and for any update
suggestion. If any update suggestion receive then we update design accordingly. Next phase
is of developing prototype from design and test it. In the end of project we will finished
product to client. The project design gantt chart illustrate in figure 3 and critical path analysis
of schedule illustrate in figure 4 (Ghazal et al, 2016).
Figure 3 Gantt chart of project design scheduling
6

Figure 4 Critical path analysis of project schedule
5. Comparison of considered design with other products
Table 2 Comparison of considered design with other products
Products→
Specifications↓
Design in
Consideration
Lights To Go
Inc. - D6M -
DC 4 Direction
Controller
Lights To Go
Inc. - D3M -
DC 3 Light
Controller
Lights To Go
Inc. - N3 -
RYG light
Controller
Supply Voltage ~ 16V DC 10V AC ~ 24V
AC
12V AC ~ 24V
AC
120V AC
Output Power 1300 mW 50W 40W 150W
Fuse 1A 4A 3A 2A
Temperature -20°C to 60°C -20°C to 60°C -20°C to 60°C -20°C to 60°C
Module
Dimension
50x70 mm 75x75 mm 50x75 mm 50.8x76.2 mm
7

LO2 Formulate possible technical solutions to address the student-
prepared design specification specifications.
Methodology
We devise our methodology to design a traffic light controller, in which we state
common components in each design. Each technical design we need common components
are battery to provide input power to traffic light controller. A timer to provide pulsating
power to microcontroller which turn on traffic light for certain time. Use programmable
microcontroller which control traffic lights and turn them on or off according to timer input
pulse. Traffic lights which controlled by microcontroller. These all components are common
in every technical designs. For testing purpose we use breadboard and connecting wires.
1. Technical designs
We devise our methodology and state common components for design. Now we
develop technical design of traffic light controller. From these designs, we find three
technical designs feasible to implement. In next sub section, we discuss these technical
design and their weakness.
1.1 Technical design 1
In this technical design one, IC CD4017B is main component of circuit. This IC
component is counter IC component which turn on or off traffic light accordingly. The timer
IC 555 is use to provide pulse which act as input for IC CD4017B. The timer IC controls the
input for IC to turn on or off traffic light for certain time. To control the time for how much
longer to glow light, we use potentiometer for that purpose. The LED lights are not directly
connected to IC CD4017B but connected through diodes. Purpose of diodes is to control the
input of LED lights. During testing of this design, we observe that it does not glow LED’s for
exact timings.
8

Figure 5 Schematic of design 1
1.2 Technical design 2
The technical design one is suitable for one way traffic flow but cannot serve for four
way traffic. In this technical design we develop traffic light controller for four way traffic
flow. In technical design 1 we use IC CD4017B but in this design we use IC CD4017BP. The
circuit get input power from battery of 9V. This input power provide current to timer IC 555
to generate pulse. This pulse act as input for IC CD4017BP, which turn on particular LED for
certain time according to input pulse. The LED lights connected with IC through 10 diodes
which maintain input supply to LEDs. During testing of this design we observe that it lacks
input power. The battery power not sufficient for maintaining operation of traffic light
controller.
Figure 6 Schematic of design 2
1.3 Technical design 3
In previous sub sections we discuss, technical design 1 and technical design 2. These
designs weaknesses of turning on LED for exact time and lacks power to maintain operation
of controller respectively. In technical design 3, we use 9V battery for four way traffic light
controller. This 9V battery provide input to IC 555 timer which generate pulse for IC
9

CD4017. The IC 4017CD operate the LED lights according to pulse generated. The LED
lights connected with 4017CD through diodes, these diodes controls the input of LEDs.
Additionally, a potentiometer is use to regulate generated pulse. We can increase and
decrease the time for LED to glow. During testing phase, we observe that technical design 3
operate normally.
2. Evaluation of designs
In previous section we discuss briefly about three design solutions. To select a final
design for traffic light controller we evaluate these on predefined parameters. The parameters
for evaluation are i) durability; ii) configurations and assembling; iii) weather tolerant; and
iv) cost effectiveness. We scale these parameter on scale of 1-5, where 1 being lowest rating
and 5 being highest rating.
Design 1 Design 2 Design 3
3.2
3.5
3.8
4
4.5 4.7
3.8 4
5
3.6 3.7
4.5
Durability Configuration & Assembling
Weather Tolerant Cost Effective
Figure 7 Evaluation of technical designs
3. Selection of final design
We briefly discuss each design solution with its shortcomings. Then evaluate them on
the basis of predefined parameters. After evaluations we find out that design solution 3
dominate other two designs so we choose design solution 3 as final design for traffic light
controller.
4. Hardware and software designing tools
Software tool: ISIS is use for circuit design and PROTEUS use simulation
Hardware tool: ARES is use for PCB design
10

5. Suggestion on selected design
After selecting design 3 as final design, we send it project manager for feedback on
design. The feedback receive with the suggestion is to design a circuit which can handle four
way traffic flow. We update our selected design accordingly.
LO3 Prepare an industry-standard engineering technical design report.
1. Design elements of technical design
To compliance with industrial engineering standard, we conduct proper research to
find out suitable components for final design. The components used for traffic light controller
design shown in figure 8.
Figure 8 Design elements of technical design 3
2. Design limitation
Through experiment we observed that there is chance of capacitors discharge when
system shut down suddenly. This may lead to damage of both ICs and for that purpose we
place diode for protection.
11