Research Proposal: Training Course to Reduce Employee Racial Bias

This research proposal outlines a study investigating training methods to reduce racial bias among employees, with a specific focus on the Stephen Lawrence Charitable Trust. The report begins with an introduction, outlining the aim to investigate different training methods available to reduce racial bias and the objectives including understanding racial discrimination, determining training methods, examining implementation challenges, and recommending solutions. The background section explores the concept of racial discrimination, different training methods such as proactive control, implicit bias training, and approach-avoidance instruction. It also addresses the challenges companies face when developing and implementing these training sessions, including leadership, scheduling, funding, and the need for innovative approaches. The methodology section details the research approach, including the use of a qualitative research type, an inductive research approach, and an interpretivism research philosophy to analyze data and answer research questions. The proposal also outlines the plan for data collection. Finally, the report includes ethical considerations and expected results.

Research Proposal

Table of Contents
Aim and objectives.................................................................................................................2
Background............................................................................................................................2
Methodology..........................................................................................................................6
Ethical Consideration.............................................................................................................8
Expected Results....................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES.........................................................................................................................10

Title: Training course in order to reduce racial bias among employees
Aim and objectives
In most of the companies, discrimination issue are perform and most of them are
based upon racial, this is not fair. Instead of this, company have to manage the workplace
environment and for that they must comply with all the discrimination issues which in turn
leads a business to further level of success. In the same way, current study is also based upon
different training session which a company offer in order to reduce racial bias and this in turn
provide positive working culture to them as well. This will help to minimize the challenges
which people face at their workplace with regards to racial discrimination. As there are many
live cases which clearly reflect there is a need to make a decision in order to minimize the
issue up to some level.
Aim: “To investigate different training methods available to reduce racial bias among their
employee: A study on Stephen Lawrence Charitable Trust”
Objectives:
 To understand the concept of racial discrimination
 To determine different training methods available to minimize racial bias
 To examine the challenges which company face during implementing the training
session
 To recommend the ways through which the challenges are overcome.
Research Questions:
 What do you understand by the concept of racial discrimination?
 What are the different training methods available to minimize racial bias
 What are the challenges did company face during managing training session for a
firm?
 Suggest some ways to manage the challenges within Black Lives Matter.
Background
Theme 1: Concept of Racial Discrimination
In accordance with Edelman, Luca and Svirsky (2017) racial discrimination is all
about to discriminate the person on the basis of their skin colour. Most of the time, individual
can discriminate by refusing to do business within a certain task or share resources with

people at certain group and this is all because of racial discrimination. Though government
also made many laws and policies in order to reduce the effect upon people but somehow,
company do not follows the same while some do. For example, Black Lives Matter UK has
already campaigning from 2016 for justice in their local communities. On the other side,
Goering and Wienk (2018) stated that in UK, black and white are two different perspective
which is the main reason of racial discrimination and that is why, company discriminate
people on the basis of same.
Therefore, racial discrimination is a serious human right problem which is keep
increasing in UK, US and as a result, blacks are likely less preferable than white and this lead
to creates conflicts among them. Also, most of the black people get low quality of schools
and lack of jobs as compared to white and thus this reflected there is no equal rights available
for the people due to race. Quillian and et.al., (2017) argued that in UK, the racism is done in
between African- Caribbean and South Asians, against Chinese. Such that British society
were consider as a slave owners and in 18th Century, London has a largest Black population
in Britain and these black people are Africans, and then it started treating them different
because of their colour.
Theme 2: Different training methods available for a firm to minimize the racial
discrimination
It is reflected by Amodio and Swencionis (2018) that racial discrimination is consider
one of the biggest issue that affect the entire working environment and that is why, different
training method are define which in turn help to deal with the situation. Such that Proactive
control on expression of implicit racial bias such that stereotype and temptation. As proactive
control is a theoretical model and impact upon behavioural change that helps to eliminate the
expression of weapons bias so that a company will treat their employees in better manner. Hu
and et.al., (2019) also supported by saying that dissociation analysis indicate that the pattern
reflected changes in controlled processing in order to reduce the racial biasness.
On the other hand, Van Dessel and et.al., (2020) argued that bias is generally occur
due to three psychological components such that affect, cognition and behaviour. Thus,
implicit bias training is consider another training method which must be used in clinical and
translational framework because it refers to prejudicial attitude towards a belief about a
specific group and as a result, provide a best results as well in order to minimize the impact
of racial discrimination. Moreover, this training practice includes both affective as well as

cognitive components and also do not differentiate the people on any basis. Thus, through
this training option, an individual will understand each other behaviour and also make a
decision accordingly.
Hagiwara and et.al., (2020) stated that approach avoidance instruction and training
method is also help to reduce the issue up to some level because it helps to avoid the images
of White people in order to reduce implicit racial bias. The training method is highly useful
for the business to make the people develop feeling of equality with their colleagues and
coordinators. It is essential for the business enterprise to remove the discrimination from the
workplace to ensure that the productivity and efficiency is increasing. Training should be
provided regarding about how people should behave in the workplace and how all people are
equal. They have to provide equal training to all the employees of the company without
favouring a particular race or religion. This affects not only the growth of the organisation but
also imposes negative image of the company.
Another training method is to educate people the racial discrimination and its
consequences as per Jones & et.al., (2017). They are required to develop their thoughts and
values for the growth of people and organisation. Education will help the company to develop
the minds of their employees and to focus over work and they could increase their
productivity and efficiency. Discriminating people will also affect their performance. Timely
training to the employees on human values and work will enable the company to reduce the
issues of discrimination faced by the employees from different. Every organisation have
people from different cultures, race and backgrounds. Big companies have a diverse
workforce that helps in the growth of company and to achieve the goals and objectives.
Management of the company has to ensure that the employees are provided with safe and
healthy environment and do not face issues related to discrimination. It should productively
employ the workforce towards the goals and objectives instead of giving thought over other
issues. When employees have a defined objective to achieve in their jobs they put their efforts
toward achieving the goal.
If the employees are not educated about the consequences that could be faced due to the
discrimination they will continue to proceed over the same path. Employees are to be
provided with timely training regarding the discrimination to reduce the issues faced by
employees from different backgrounds. It affects the performance of employees and
organisation as whole. If people are not promoted on the basis of their work and efforts they

would lose confidence and motivation which will decrease their efficiency. Along with
providing training it is also necessary for the company to frame policies and strategies
regarding discriminations. Quick actions should be taken for employees that are abusing
employees on the basis of their race. Management have to be strict from top and have to
develop culture where the people are treated equally. Promotions and incentives are made on
the basis of performance and capability of achieving the targets. People who are adding value
to the organisation should be recognised and rewarded by the management timely to motivate
employees and to increase their productivity and efficiency for the growth of company.
Theme 3: Challenges face by the company while developing training session.
To reduce the issues of discrimination in an organisation company has to provide
training to its employees at regular intervals. In providing the trainings company face various
challenges.
According to Jemal, Gardiner and Bloeser, (2019) it has been stated that company has to deal
with the changing situations for developing training sessions for its employees. They have to
develop effective and efficient leaders who could influence the employees and can change the
minds. It is difficult for the companies to identify such leaders who could have significant
impact over the employees. As without effective leaders motive of the training sessions
would not be fulfilled.
It is difficult for the organisation to find a space in the busy work schedule for trainings.
Generally organisations only provide trainings for the businesses processes. Creating time
and space for such training are often avoided by the organisation (Asplund and et.al., 2020).
If the trainings are not provided timely link of employees is broken and they start moving on
the same path. Also organisations have to find out something new that could be understood
and grasped by the employees as repeating same things lack engagement of the audience and
they avoid such trainings.
Another challenges faced in conducting the training sessions is funds. a company has to
spend considerable funds for making arrangements and conducting the training programs for
the employees. Companies often such trainings due to the funds involved in conducting such
trainings. Cost factor highly influence the conduct of such training. Management focus more

over activities that enhance the understanding and knowledge of the employees where the
results could be measured in quantitative terms.
There are also organization that do not consider the need to educate people regarding the
discrimination on the thought of personal perceptions of every individuals that limits
management to conduct training program for their employees.
Methodology
The methodological section will help the study to conduct the entire research in better
manner in order to meet define aim. Such there are different key components which help a
researcher in order to determine the results and conduct the research in better manner.
Research type: There are three main type of research type i.e. qualitative, quantitative
and mixed. Among all researcher will chooses qualitative study because it provides in-depth
analysis and also interpret the data in order to complete the define aim and objectives. As this
study assist to analyse the information and conveyed the same in order to answer the research
questions (Mohajan, 2018). Hence, with the help of this type scholar determine different
training methods which are available for the company in order to reduce the racial
discrimination.
Research Approach: It is a plan and a procedure which consist of different steps of
broad assumptions into a detailed method in order to interpret the results. There are three
main types of research approach i.e. Inductive, Deductive and Abductive. Among all, scholar
will choose Inductive research approach that assist to include the results and also start with an
observation as well as theories in order to reach towards end. Also, with the help of this type
of approach, scholar will further leads to determine the pattern and also reach to conclusion
as well. Moreover, this type will assist to attain define aim and determine which training
methods will assist to minimize the racial discrimination.
Research Philosophy: It is a belief and a notion through which an information related
to phenomenon is gathered and analysed. Through this, scholar made an assumption and also
explain the views that assist to meet the define aim. There are four types of philosophy such
that Interpretivism, Positivism, Realism and Pragmatism. Among all, scholar will uses
Interpretivism research philosophy which integrates the human views and also researcher
perform the specific role in order to observe the social world (Ngozwana, 2018). Hence, with

the help of this type, scholar easily interpret the results from the selected sample size in order
to attain the research objectives and answer the research questions as well.
Data Collection: It is the method through which information is collected and analysed
in order to determine the results. There are two types of data collection method such that
primary and secondary. These both will be used by the scholar like through primary research
which is also known as first handed research, scholar designed questionnaire under survey
method in which different types of questions are asked which in turn leads to determine the
results. While under secondary research, scholar will uses already published articles, books
and newspaper related to research aim in order to meet the define aim. This is used under
literature review section in which scholar will select best articles out of many so that different
training methods are determine which assist to accomplish the goal and conduct research in
better manner.
Data analysis: It is the process of cleaning, transforming and modelling the data in
order to generate the best information for decision making process. Its main aim is to extract
the useful information and then make a decision which help to determine the results. For the
current study, scholar will use thematic data analysis under qualitative study so that research
looks presentable. In this method, scholar uses graphs, tables in order to look more
presentable and this in turn leads to generate the outcomes which is related to study (Glesne,
2016). Also, with the help of data analysis, scholar understand the requirement and increase
the awareness and then implement the action accordingly which in turn leads to make better
decision as well.
Sampling: Sampling is the process which is used for statistical analysis in order to
make observation better from a larger population. This is used to select the some out of many
on the type of analysis which is being performed. There are two types of sampling probability
and non- probability. Among all, scholar will uses simple random sampling method in which
20 employees of Stephen Lawrence Charitable Trust will be chosen in order to make better
decision and determine their views with regards to training method which are used by
company in order to reduce the racial discrimination.
Also, with the help of this sampling method, scholar include ease of use and accuracy
of representation and this is one of the easiest method which help to extract a research sample
from larger population and require low cost and time as compared to other methods (Tuffour,

2017). That is why, this method is used in order to make the entire research proper and meet
the define aim.
Limitation: While conducting the research, scholar face many limitation which
somehow affect the results in opposite manner. Such that scholar face issue with regards to
accessibility like there are many sites which are access denied and this in turn lead to affect
the results and also consumes lot of time as well. Further, most of the data especially
secondary data are outdates and this leads to time constraints. Also, another issue with
regards to this study is issue with sample and selection such that due to small sample size,
there is a lots of issue and even scholar did not meet the define aim as well (Silverman,
2016). This in turn leads to affect the results and also delay the entire research as well.
Validity and reliability: Under this, scholar should make sure that resources are
selected should be latest which clearly reflected that the research is valid. Moreover,
reliability is tested when the researcher get similar answer from all the sample sizes and tis in
turn leads to get the accurate answer and leads a research towards a positive direction as well.
With the help of proper methodology chosen, scholar conduct the results and answer the
research questions as well.
Ethical Consideration
This is consider one of important part of the research methodology section because it
helps the scholar to conduct the entire research in proper manner. Under this, investigator
should make sure that they maintain confidentiality and also comply with data privacy act.
Further, scholar should make sure that there is no miscommunication between the scholar and
sample because it may lead to affect the results in negative manner. Scholar should take the
consent prior to the study so that it will not affect the results and conduct the entire study in
proper manner as well.
Moreover, there must be a voluntary participation and make sure that there will be no
harm to selected respondents. Also, no personal data should be refer to third party without
any approval from the respondents because they may use it for another way. In addition to
this, respect for dignity of all the research participants should be prioritised so that it may not
leads a research towards negative manner (Gear, Eppel and Koziol-Mclain, 2018). Lastly, all
the seven principle of the ethics must be complied and affiliation in any forms as well as
sources of funding should be ensured so that conflicts will be minimized.

Expected Results
From the proposal it is analysed that scholar will meet the define aim such that
different training methods are identified which help to minimize the racial discrimination.
Such that with the help of a current study, scholar also put their efforts in order to meet the
define aim which in turn leads to take a research towards positive direction. Further, with the
help of secondary research, it has been analysed that by understanding the behaviour of
others, scholar implement the results so that discrimination will reduce up to some level and
the working environment of the company is improved. Also, with the of effective research
methods, scholar uses the best data collection methods which assist to meet the define aim
and also conduct the study towards positive direction as well.
Moreover, by applying qualitative research type, scholar also conduct in -depth study
which in turn leads to analyse some training methods that assist to minimize racial
discrimination. Also, this creates positive impact upon the study such that with the help of
this type of research, time and cost will be saves because it is consider one of the low cost
method which in turn leads to meet the define aim as compared to quantitative and mixed
method. Moreover, with the help of primary research, scholar also determine the training
methods which are used by Stephen Lawrence Charitable Trust in order to manage the racial
discrimination.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Amodio, D. M., & Swencionis, J. K. (2018). Proactive control of implicit bias: A theoretical
model and implications for behavior change. Journal of Personality and Social
Psychology. 115(2). 255–275
Asplund, J. and et.al., (2020, May). Auditing race and gender discrimination in online
housing markets. In Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and
Social Media (Vol. 14, pp. 24-35).
Edelman, B., Luca, M., & Svirsky, D. (2017). Racial discrimination in the sharing economy:
Evidence from a field experiment. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics.
9(2). 1-22.
Gear, C., Eppel, E., & Koziol-Mclain, J. (2018). Advancing complexity theory as a
qualitative research methodology. International Journal of Qualitative Methods. 17(1).
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Glesne, C. (2016). Becoming qualitative researchers: An introduction. Pearson. One Lake
Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458.
Goering, J., & Wienk, R. (Eds.). (2018). Mortgage lending, racial discrimination and federal
policy. Routledge.
Hagiwara, N. and et.al., (2020). A call for grounding implicit bias training in clinical and
translational frameworks. Lancet (London, England). 395(10234). 1457.
Hu, Y. Y. and et.al., (2019). Discrimination, abuse, harassment, and burnout in surgical
residency training. New England Journal of Medicine. 381(18). 1741-1752.
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Relationship Between Perceived Discrimination in the Workplace and Mentally
Unhealthy Days. Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities.6(2).pp.265-272.
Jones, K.P. and et.al., 2017. Subtle discrimination in the workplace: A vicious
cycle. Industrial and Organizational Psychology.10(1). pp.51-76.
Mohajan, H. K. (2018). Qualitative research methodology in social sciences and related
subjects. Journal of Economic Development, Environment and People. 7(1). 23-48.
Ngozwana, N. (2018). Ethical Dilemmas in Qualitative Research Methodology: Researcher's
Reflections. International Journal of Educational Methodology. 4(1). 19-28.
Quillian, L. and et.al., (2017). Meta-analysis of field experiments shows no change in racial
discrimination in hiring over time. Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences. 114(41). 10870-10875.
Silverman, D. (Ed.). (2016). Qualitative research. sage.
Tuffour, I. (2017). A critical overview of interpretative phenomenological analysis: a
contemporary qualitative research approach. Journal of Healthcare
Communications. 2(4). 52.

Van Dessel, P. and et.al., (2020). On the effectiveness of approach-avoidance instructions and
training for changing evaluations of social groups. Journal of Personality and Social
Psychology. 119(2). e1–e14.