Report: Adaptations in Exercise Training for Special Populations

This report delves into the crucial topic of adapting exercise training for special populations, particularly focusing on older adults. It begins by identifying key physiological factors that impact exercise, such as joint problems, fatigue, and spinal cord issues. The report emphasizes the importance of understanding these factors to tailor training methods effectively. It then explores practical adaptations, including giving breaks during exercise and adopting alternative methods to accommodate physical limitations. For example, modifying exercises like push-ups to alleviate joint strain. The conclusion stresses the need for trainers to be aware of these issues and make necessary adjustments to ensure that exercise programs are safe, effective, and beneficial for individuals with specific needs. The report highlights how considering these factors can lead to better outcomes and improved quality of life for the special population group.

TRAINING WITH SPECIAL
POPULATION

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
Part 1Psycologcial factors................................................................................................................3
Part 2 Adaptions in training.............................................................................................................4
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................5
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................6

INTRODUCTION
In today era, it is identified that with increase in age most of the people face a lots of
physical problems. Due to this reason they face a lots of difficulties in doing exercises. Trainers
cannot ignore these issues while delivering exercise to relevant sort of patients. It is also very
important to bring changes in approaches that are followed to do exercise. In this part of the
report varied physical issues and changes that can be made in training methods are discussed to
detail in below part.
Part 1Psycologcial factors
There are number of nations of the world in which population of old people is much higher
than new one. It can be seen in the nations like China there is huge old population. In this age
people suffer from number of physiological problems. Some of these problems are described
below.
 Joint problems- Exercise is the important part of human being life. With passage of time
more and more people are doing exercises and yoga as well as pranayama from
preventing themselves from approach of any disease (Erickson and et.al., 2011). In order
to perform any exercise there are some conditions. For example if one is facing a
breathing problem then doctor will not recommend him to run at fast pace. With increase
in age joint problem is observed by most of human beings. Research study revealed that
in most of the nations of the world it is identified that after age of 65 most of people face
a problem in walking and seating. This happen due to joint problem. There are some
exercises in which it is important to consider this physiological factor. This is because if
same factor will not be considered then it is possible that while doing exercise one start
facing problem in his body. Hence, for trainer it is important to consider mentioned
physiological factor.
 Getting tired from work- At age of 65 it has been seen that most of people even they do
little hard work get tired and demand leisure time of few minutes or hours. It is one of the
main physiological factor that trainer needs to consider before choosing any exercise for
an old adult (Thompson and et.al., 2013). This is because when exercise is done then lots
of energy is consumed and due to this reason inhale and exhale of air takes place at rapid
rate in human body. If one who get tired at fast pace will be asked to run or do inhale

exhale yoga, he will not be able to carry out same for more than 5 minutes. Giving just 2
minutes in such kind of exercises is not sufficient and one cannot get good results in just
a small time period. Hence, while giving training to old people this factor must be taken
in to consideration.
 Problem in spinal cord- Few people have problem in there spinal cord. In layman
language it can be said that spinal cord is nothing but backbone that is behind out
stomach and chest (McArdle, Katch and Katch, 2010). If backbone of individual is weak
then he face lots of problems in doing his day to day work. Hence, when trainer is going
to give training in relation to exercise he must consider this factor. Spinal cord problem
may exist in human body due to accident or any other reason. So, while coaching or
instructing people it is very important to consider this factor and accordingly changes can
be made in the way that is followed to give exercise to the trainee.
Part 2 Adaptions in training
 Giving a break- Most common physiological factors are listed above and all of them put
a same impact on the human body while doing an exercise. Even an individual is suffered
from joint pain, spinal cord problem or any other physiological issue in every case he will
not be able to continue exercise for long time period. Hence, adaptions in training method
must be done in such a way that for long time in terms of minutes one can do exercise
without any problem. Giving break of few minutes is the one of the most important
strategy that can be used to increase exercise time period (Donges, Duffield and
Drinkwater, 2010). Under this after doing an exercise for five minutes one is facing
problem then he can allow to take some rest. After some minutes again exercise can be
commenced by an individual. If this process will carried out consistently for long time
period then endurance power of individual will get developed and he will be able to
spend long time on exercise in terms of minutes.
 Adopting alternative method of doing exercise- Trainer by considering physiological
factors can make changes in the way in which exercise is done. For example: while doing
push-ups ones hand and leg fingers remain on land and entire body remain above same.
Trainee that is suffered from joint problem in legs may find it difficult to do push-ups
(Kurtus, 2013). Alternative way can be adopted to solve this problem and under this
trainee can keep his knee on land instead of leg fingers. Problem is in joint of knee and

same is now placed on land. Hence, joints are getting support of land. In this way joint
problem can be eliminated and one can do push-ups without any problem.
CONCLUSION
On the basis of above discussion it is concluded that human being at age of 65 face a lots of
physical problems. At this age it is very important to do exercise so that body remain fit and
healthy. Due to physical issues it become hard for one to do exercises. Hence for trainer it is very
important to make sure that he is doing changes in the approach that is followed to do exercise.
Only by doing so one can be bring in position to do exercise in systematic way and reaping full
benefits.

REFERENCES
Books & journals
Donges, C.E., Duffield, R. and Drinkwater, E.J., 2010. Effects of resistance or aerobic exercise
training on interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, and body composition. Medicine and science in
sports and exercise. 42(2). Pp.304-313.
Erickson, K.I. and et.al., 2011. Exercise training increases size of hippocampus and improves
memory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 108(7). Pp.3017-3022.
McArdle, W.D., Katch, F.I. and Katch, V.L., 2010. Exercise physiology: nutrition, energy, and
human performance. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Thompson, P.D. and et.al., 2013. ACSM’s new preparticipation health screening
recommendations from ACSM’s guidelines for exercise testing and prescription. Current
sports medicine reports. 12(4). Pp.215-217.
Online
Kurtus, R., 2013. [ONLINE]. What is physical health? Available through :< http://www.school-
for-champions.com/health/what_is_health.htm#.V-o91bnFmM8>.[Accessed on 27th
September 2016].