AIR348 Assessment 1 Report: Examining Transnational Advocacy Networks

This report analyzes several academic articles focusing on transnational advocacy networks (TANs) and their impact on international and domestic politics. The report examines the formation, functions, and influence of TANs, including their use of accountability, symbolic leverage, and information politics to shape policy, state behavior, and institutional procedures. The analysis covers the role of TANs in addressing issues related to human rights, women's rights, and social justice, highlighting their ability to influence global agendas and challenge state power. The report also explores the dynamics of transnational civil society activism, the challenges faced by TANs in countries like China, and the strategies employed by activists to address social issues and promote human rights. The report concludes by discussing the impact of transnational advocacy on democratization, globalization, and the end of the Cold War, and the evolving strategies of right-wing networks in response.

AIR348 Assessment 1
Name:
Week 1
Keck, M & Sikkink K 1998, Activists beyond borders: advocacy networks in
international politics, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, N.Y.
[Chapter 1, ‘Transnational Advocacy Networks in International Politics: Introduction’,
pp.1-38.]
In this article, author tried to precise scholars lack of attention to role of transnational
advocacy networks in international and domestic political matters. The advocacy networks
involve research and advocacy groups, local social movements, media, unions,
foundations, intergovernmental companies and other part of local governing bodies. As
diverse groups establish interaction and share valuable information and services this helps
to circulate and exchange funds through which they can work together and influence
policy. The article states that networks highlights issues and problems which can be related
to violence to vulnerable people and gross inequality in legal opportunities in the nation. A
transnational network can emerge through different mediums between domestic and
governmental groups and on conference and meetups which can form aspects for building
networks. Network functions by employing accountability, symbolic, leverage and
information politics. Network creates a huge influence on changing policy, state behaviour,
institutional procedures, setting agendas or targes and stat’s discursive positions.
Transnational women’s network has rapidly grown transnational women network all
women’s have shattered stereotype of violence n woe and states it as a biggest human right
issue firm women’s. Through strength and destiny, the efficiency of network can be
improved. The groups which were formed in one country appealed to citizens of another
county through a Transnational Advocacy Network, such citizens create a pressure on their
own government to pressure the offending regime.
Week 1
Price, R 2003, 'Transnational Civil Society and Advocacy in World Politics', World
Politics, 55 (4), 579-606
In this article, the involvement of transactional civil society activism in world politics have
been quoted. The author argues that this article is done in contribution to for conducting a
progressive research through which agendas can be met which are a response to succession
of criticism from different perspectives. The main motive of this research is related to
transnationalization of civil society through which they can facilitate trenchant response to
crucial puzzles which are concerned with leverage of civil society in the contemporary
stage of globalization. The article quotes that liberal variant of transactional advocacy
research hold powerful theoretical counters which can offer privilege to other agents or

structures and other range of contemporary liberal international theory. This article also
states about the privilege to pre-existing domestic preference formation or state centric
versions of liberal constructivism. This article also includes a central lace for normative
international theory. This article also contributes theoretical and empirical contribution and
reviews issues related to international relations and comparative politics. The article has
identified various crucial claims on transnational activism and provides a valuable
statement which depicts value and worth of academic enterprise and creates an adverse
impact on worldviews of decision makers like Gorbachev. This research can provide
evidence of the avoided importance of teaching, which can be compared with research in
academic incentive structure. It also states that professors and teachers can also participate
in and can be an important participant in transnational civil society.
Week 2
Noakes, S 2018, The advocacy trap: transnational activism and state power in China.
Manchester University Press
[Chapter 1, ‘Mechanisms of Persuasion: when and how are advocacy campaigns
effective?’, pp.17-37 ]
In this article, it can be seen that this book was introduced to readers to six transnational
advocacy networks(TANs) and to organise their campaigns through which they can bring
change in china. Through this study of international politics, tis literature have given short
shift to various roads through which strong countries such as China can push back against
the formed global norms and needs of transnational social movement celebrities. The
author has used three case studies in this books which are based on the case studies of three
empirical chapter, which involves Falun Gong’s development, history of repression by
china ad contending narratives which are listed out by organisation’s advocates overseas
the Chinese Communist Party in the side or state of China. The movements which are
depicted in the book acts as participants in global civil society which seems to be
downplayed in respect to detailed treatment of the rise and repression in China. The article
states overall objectives of author which are related to explication of company as
transnational celebrities can help readers to see the worth with more clarity. In this chapter,
the author states the case of intellectual property rights (IPR) and a detailed information of
domestic and foreign pressures by supporting these movements through which a balance
can be established and maintained. The author argues there are two different cases which
can have different outcomes and which are similar to state power and preference was
considered as determinative factor which lead to progress and process of all campaigns
which were organised.

Week 2
Carpenter, RC 2010, 'Governing the global agenda: 'gatekeepers' and 'issue
adoption' in transnational advocacy networks', in DD Avant, M Finnemore & SK Sell
(eds), Who governs the globe?, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 202-237
In this article, human rights activities from various countries are met in Cologne, Germany.
In which they discussed strategies through which they an address social issues which were
generated due to fathering of children’s and this was done by foreign soldiers while armed
conflicts were going on. It can be observed that these children’s were born due to wartime
rape, sexual exploitation and by creating a consensual relationship among foreign troops
with local women’s. It has been seen that these women’s faced many social circumstances
which involves infanticide, stigma, discrimination and denial of means to track their fathers
of their children’s or to gather knowledge about their biological identities. The author
argues that he focused on recent conflicts which were raised in Bosnia, Uganda and
Rwanda which created a case on “Children-born-of-war” and how these children faced
vulnerabilities and had special needs in conflicts and in post conflicts areas. A small
network of political entrepreneurs was established which focused on building discussion
and on creating a strategy through which they can change policies which can address the
needs of population. The activist focused on collecting historical data from post –world
War II era in Scandinavia Which acted as an evidence for the conflicts in Rwanda, Uganda
and other countries. Several domestic campaigns were created for securing an apology
from Government of Norwegian for adults and for “war children’s”. These women’s and
children’s who were born out of war faced many struggles, vulnerabilities and women also
tried to find biological identities of fathers of their children’s but were unable to do so as
they were unable to get support to gather knowledge.
Week 3
Clifford, B 2013, ‘The global right wing and theories of transnational advocacy, The
International Spectator, 48(4), 71-85
In this article, there are many international campaigns which were organised for
highlighting many numerous issues and problems which can be seen by many citizens. It
can be observed that the networks which were built by activist through which they can
promote and encourage human rights, environmental qualities and can promote serving
global justice. Analyst also created a progressive network which heled to create theories
which are based on seldom act unopposed. Rather than that, various global issues and
problems leftwing groups and teams faced high competition and opposite deo different
networks of activist of rightwing. The author also stated many examples which depicted
many clashes and issues and activists also focused on analysing and understanding
different conservative networks through which they can gather valuable information and
knowledge about theories of transnational advocacy and global rightwing. This article also
focused on creating a layout of the theory through which they can establish understanding
of the conflicts and problems of networks over different issues of plies and politics.

Week 4 Option A
Thomas, D 2005, ‘Human rights ideas, the demise of communism, and the end of the
Cold War’, Journal of Cold War Studies, 7(2), 110-141.
In this article, various factors which can affect democratization, globalization, domestic
and interstate conflicts which ended in Cold War. The research and findings concluded that
torture, extrajudicial killing and other no acceptable activities were continued at the same
rate post-Cold War. After the end of Cold War, there was a slight improvement in respect
to government bodies and personnel’s who came up and fought against political
imprisonment. It was also observed that government steadily decreased their involvement
in interstate conflicts or experienced that domestic conflicts lead to increase through which
rights against political imprisonment can be encouraged. It was also observed that
democratic government who participate I global economy after the end of Cold War gained
maximum level of respect as they encouraged and willingly supported the rights of citizens
and also supported campaign which focused on removing political imprisonment. In other
words, the respect for government improved and increased through fighting for rights
against political imprisonment which resulted from short-term manipulation by leaders and
activists of “illiberal” or “demonstration” democracies as they were not committed to
democratization and they were not supporting advancement to human rights.