Transport Network Design: Principles and Implementation

Desklib provides solved assignments and past papers to help students succeed.

Transport Network Design
1

Table of Contents
LO1 LAN design principles and their application in the network design process.........................................3
LO2 Implementation of a LAN network using design principles..................................................................8
LO3 Produce an appropriate WAN solution to a set of organisational requirements...............................13
LO4 Solve a range of network related problems using appropriate troubleshooting techniques and
methods....................................................................................................................................................15
References.................................................................................................................................................18
2

LO1 LAN design principles and their application in the network design process
As a business develops, so does its network architecture prerequisites. Organizations depend on
the network framework to give mission-basic services. System outagescreate a degradation of
revenue and loss of clients. Architect of network design must plan and fabricate an enterprise
architecture that is versatile and exceedingly accessible.
This task present procedures that can be utilized to methodically structure a very utilitarian
system, for example, the hierarchical levelled configuration model, Enterprise Architecture, and
proper devices determinations. The objectives of this design are to confine the number of devices
affected by the failure of a single system device, give an arrangement and way to development,
and make a redundant system.
All enterprise systems must support:
 Basic applications.
 Combined system traffic.
 Different business requirement.
 Centralized together managerial administration.
Hierarchical Network Layered Architecture:
To streamline data transmission on enterprise arrange, system has to sort out with the goal that
traffic remains nearby and isn't proliferated superfluously onto different parts of the system.
Utilizing the 3-tier hierarchical structure model composes the system.
This structure divides itself into 3 layers as shown in Figure:-
Layer 1:-Access Layer:-
Layer 2:-Distribution Layer
Layer 3:-Core Layer
3

Every layer is intended to get explicit capacities.
The layer 1 gives availability to the clients. Layer 2 is utilized to advance packet traffic starting
with 1 neighbourhood organize then onto the next. At last, the core layer speaks to a fast spine
layer between scattered systems. Client traffic is started at Layer 1 and goes to different layers if
the usefulness of those layers is needed.
Despite the fact that the various levelled model consists of three layers, In a two-level
hierarchical levelled structure, the layer 1 and layers 2 are crumpled into a single layer,
decreasing expense and multifaceted nature, as appeared beneath.
Architecture of Enterprise
This Architecture partitions the system into useful segments with keeping up layer 1, 2, and 3.
These Architecture modules include:
 Remote
 Service Provider Edge
 Enterprise Campus
 Enterprise Edge
4

Redundancy in LAN:-
Redundancy is a significant piece of system structure for avoiding disturbance in system
administration benefits through limiting the likelihood of a single purpose of blockage. One
strategy for deploying is by introducing clone hardware and giving failover administrations to
basic devices.
Redundancy in layer 2:-
 Another system for executing excess is a repetitive section. Repetitive section offer
substitutes physical ways for data to cross the framework. The excess section in a traded
framework supports high openness. In any case, as a result of the assignment of switches,
a repetitive entry in a traded Ethernet framework may cause genuine Layer 2 circles.
Subsequently, Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is required.
 STP mulls over the excess required for dependability, anyway gets rid of the exchanging
circles. It does this by giving an instrument to the devastating excess way in an
exchanged framework until the way is significant, for instance, when failover occurs.
STP is an open standard show, used in a changed circumstance to make a circle free
intelligent topology
Issues with Layer 2 Redundancy
5

• MAC database insecurity -- Uncertainty in the MAC table substance results from the
jumping of documents of a comparable package on distinct switch ports. When the switch
exhausts the benefits that calibrate to shakiness in the MAC table, data sending can be
handicapped.
• Broadcast Storms - Each switch can flow endlessly without any kind of circle avoiding
method. Normally, this condition is known as the communicated storm.
• Transmission of multiple outlines - Multiple unicast copies edges may be passed on to
objective stations. Various shows would like to get only a singular copy of each transmission.
Various copies of a comparable packaging can cause unrecoverable oversights.
Bandwidth:
In hierarchical levelled arrange a plan, a few connections among access and conveyance changes
need’s to process more prominent measure of transmission than different connections. As
transmission from numerous connections combines onto a solitary, active connection, it’s
workable for that connect to turn into a bottleneck. Connection total enables a head to expand the
measure of transfer speed between devices by making one legitimate connection made up of a
few physical connections. EtherChannel is a type of connection total utilized in switched
systems.
EtherChannel utilizes the current switch ports; in this way, extra expenses to redesign the
connection to a quicker and progressively costly association are a bit much. The EtherChannel is
viewed as one sensible connection utilizing an EtherChannel interface. Majority setup
assignments are done on the EtherChannel interface, rather than on every single port,
guaranteeing design consistency all through the connections. At last, the EtherChannel design
exploits load adjusting between connections that are a piece of the equivalent EtherChannel, and
relying upon the equipment stage, at least one burden adjusting strategies can be executed.
Router Redundancy
Venture frameworks and ISPs routinely use additionally created shows, for instance, interface
state shows, in light of their dynamic structure and ability to scale for extensive frameworks.
6

Connection state directing convention like, Open Shortest Path First (OSPF), works splendidly
for greater different levelled frameworks where fast intermixing is critical. OSPF switches to
develop and keep up neighbour continuity or adjacencies, with other related OSPF switches.
Exactly when switches begin a continuity with neighbours, an exchange of association state
invigorates begins. Switches accomplish a FULL state of closeness when they have synchronized
points of view on their association state database. With OSPF, associate state revives are sent
when organize changes occur.
OSPF is a popular connection state steering convention that can be balanced from various
perspectives.
In addition, OSPF supports a two-layer various levelled plan or multiarea OSPF. All OSPF
frameworks begin with Area 0, moreover called the Backbone Area. As the framework is
expanded, other, non-spine zone can be made. All non-spine ought to clearly interface with Area
0.
Another outstanding steering convention for greater frameworks is “Enhanced Interior Gateway
Routing Protocol (EIGRP)”. Cisco made this protocol as a prohibitive division vector directing
the show with improved limits. Regardless of the way that structuring EIGRP is commonly
essential, the key features and decisions of EIGRP are expansive and energetic. For example,
EIGRP uses various tables to manage the directing methodology. EIGRP contains various
features that are not found in some other coordinating shows. It is a radiant choice for
considerable, multi-show orchestrates that use essential gadget (Dukkanci et al, 2019).
7

LO2 Implementation of a LAN network using design principles
General devices that are used to configure any LAN network are switches and routers.
Let discuss their classification and type of devices are currently in the market.
Switches classification
These are broadly classified in five classes for big business systems:
 LAN switches for the campus - To scale arrange execution in an undertaking LAN,
there are the center, scattering, get to, and restricted switches. With eight set ports, these
change stages move to 13-sharp edge switches that support a few ports.
 Switches for Datacenter - A server farm ought to be manufactured dependent on
switches that advance foundation versatility, operational coherence, and transport
adaptability. The server farm switch stages incorporate the Cisco Nexus and Catalyst
6500 Series switches.
 Virtual switches- Nowadays networks are progressively virtualized. Virtual switch like
Cisco Nexus virtual systems administration switch stages gives secure multi-occupant
benefits by adding virtualization insight innovation to the server farm arrange.
While choosing switches, organize overseers must decide the switch structure factors. These
factors are:-
Port Density:-Channel switches must assist in the system's fitting range of devices.
Reliability:- The switch ought to give consistent access to the system.
Scalability:- The quantity of clients on a system ordinarily develops after some time; thusly the
switch ought to give the chance to develop.
Expenditure:- The expense of device will rely upon Interface number and speed, bolstered
highlight and extension quality.
8

Power:- It is currently regular to control passageways, IP telephones and even smaller switches
utilizing Power Over Ethernet.
Router Classification:-
Router is classified basically in 3 classes:-
 Routers for Branches - Branch router upgrade branch benefits on a solitary stage while
conveying an ideal application experience crosswise over the branch and WAN
foundations. Expanding administration accessibility at the branch requires systems
intended for nearly 100 per cent uptime. Very accessible branch systems must guarantee
quick recuperation from ordinary issues while limiting or wiping out the effect on
administration, and give straightforward system design and the executives.
 Routers for Network Edge - Network edge routers empower the system edge to convey
high performance, exceedingly secure, and solid administrations that join grounds, server
farm, and branch systems. Clients expect an astounding media experience and more kinds
of substance than any other time in recent memory. Clients need intelligence,
personalization, portability, and control for all substance. Clients additionally need to get
to content whenever and wherever they pick any device, regardless of any place or in a
hurry.
 Routers for a service provider - Service supplier routers separate the administration
portfolio and increment incomes by conveying start to finish versatile arrangements and
supporter mindful administrations. Administrators must advance tasks, diminish costs,
and improve versatility and adaptability, to convey cutting edge Internet encounters over
all devices and areas. These frameworks are intended to rearrange and improve the
activity and arrangement of administration conveyance systems.
Configuration:-
9

Area Port IP address
IT Fa0/0 192.168.1.10/29
Finance Fa1/0 192.168.1.18/28
Design Gig6/0 192.168.1.34/26
Sales Gig7/0 192.168.1.98/25
Server Gig8/0 192.168.1.227/29
WAN Se2/0 30.40.50.160/28
Server Name IP
DNS Server 192.168.1.228
EMAIL server 192.168.1.229
Web Server 192.168.1.229
FTP 192.168.1.230
10

Implementing Layer 3 LAN redundancy for IPv4 and IPv6:-
Spanning tree protocol enable physical overabundance in a traded framework. Regardless, a host
at the entrance layer of a dynamic framework also benefits by exchange default entries. If a
switch or switch interface (that fills in as a default entryway) crashes and burns, the hosts
masterminded with that default section are withdrawn from outside frameworks. An instrument
is relied upon to give trade default entryways in traded frameworks where no less than two
switches are related with the proportionate VLAN.
Protocols that helps to provide redundancy are:-
 First Hop Redundancy Protocol:- A First Hop Redundancy Protocol (FHRP) Is a PC-
organizing tradition designed to ensure the default entry used in a topology by allowing at
least dual switches to enhance that address; in the event of a disappointment with a fully
working switch, the conditioning switch will, as a rule, take control of the location within
a few moments. Such conventions can also be used by and by to safeguard various
administrations operating on a single IP, not just routers.
 Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP) – It is a Cisco-prohibitive FHRP suggested that a
first-bounce IPv4 contraction be considered direct failover. HSRP provides high
availability of the framework by providing IPv4's first-skip controlling reinterpretation on
structures with a standard IPv4 entry address. HSRP is used to pick a working device and
a save contraction in a social event of switches. The dynamic device is the contraction
used to direct bundles in a social affair of device interfaces; the save device is the device
that expects power when the dynamic device goes down in flames or when pre-set criteria
are met.
 HSRP v6:- Cisco-selective FHRP giving comparative helpfulness of HSRP, anyway in
IPv6 space. An HSRP IPv6 pack has a virtual MAC address gotten from the HSRP
cluster number and a virtual IPv6 associate local location from the HSRP virtual MAC
address. Infrequent switch advertisements (RAs) are sent for the HSRP virtual IPv6
interface private area the HSRP cluster is dynamic. Right when the social event winds up
torpid these RAs stop after the last RA is sent.
11

 Gateway Load Balancing Protocol (GLBP) - Cisco-restrictive FHRP that shields data
traffic from a failed switch or circuit, as HSRP and VRRP, while also allowing weight
changing (similarly called weight sharing) between a social occasion of dreary switches.
 GLBP for IPv6 - Cisco-prohibitive FHRP giving a comparable convenience of GLBP,
anyway in IPv6 space. GLBP for IPv6 gives modified change support to IPv6 has
structured with a lone default gateway on a LAN. Different first-hop switches on the
LAN join to offer a single virtual first-bob IPv6 switch while sharing the IPv6 pack
sending load (Park et al, 2018).
12