Transport Network Design: A Comprehensive Analysis

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TRANSPORT NETWORK DESIGN
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Table of Contents
Introduction.................................................................................................................................................3
LO1.............................................................................................................................................................4
P1. Examine the network design models and features of scalable networks based on a given set of
business needs.........................................................................................................................................4
P2. Discuss LAN redundancy, bandwidth, and load related issues and possible solutions with reference
to Layer 2 and Layer 3 of the OSI Model................................................................................................6
M1. Analyze the switch and router redundancy protocols and their effectiveness in supporting scalable
networks..................................................................................................................................................8
LO2...........................................................................................................................................................10
P3. Select LAN devices based on features and requirements, and apply basic configuration commands
for network connectivity........................................................................................................................10
P4. Implement a LAN design with Layer 2 and Layer 3 redundancy using switch and router
redundancy protocols.............................................................................................................................12
M2. Analyse different switch redundancy protocols and their effectiveness in solving redundancy
issues.....................................................................................................................................................15
M3. Analyse Layer 3 redundancy implementations for IPv4 and IPv6..................................................16
LO3...........................................................................................................................................................17
P5. Examine WAN technologies and select the appropriate one for a set of enterprise requirements....17
P6. Configure WAN protocols as part of an enterprise network solution..............................................19
M4. Analyse the benefits and drawbacks of private and public WAN technologies..............................29
M5. Evaluate features and benefits of different VPN types based on organisational needs...................31
LO4...........................................................................................................................................................33
P7. Deploy network monitoring tools and troubleshooting methods to establish network baselines and
produce network documentation............................................................................................................33
P8. Troubleshoot LAN and WAN connectivity issues at different networking layers...........................35
M6. Develop effective documentation of troubleshooting methods and steps based on a given scenario.
...............................................................................................................................................................36
Conclusion.................................................................................................................................................37
References.................................................................................................................................................38
Appendix...................................................................................................................................................40
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Introduction
Transport network design deals with the network configuration in order to achieve a specified
goal and also to improve the network of transportation. It is an analytical approach which helps
the company to generate digital models for the supply of packets to evaluate the workflow. Its
aim is to optimize the goals by choosing a project while keeping resource consumption low. The
selected organization for this project is Barclays Plc., headquarter situated in London, United
Kingdom. It is a British multinational investment bank and financial services. It works for four
core business and they are corporate banking, investment management, personal banking, and
wealth management. The goal of this project is to learn about switches, routers, LAN devices,
and WAN solutions. From this one will able to fully understand the concept of the OSI model.
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LO1
P1. Examine the network design models and features of scalable networks based on
a given set of business needs.
One of the most common network designs is hierarchical network design suggested by CISCO
which uses three layers for implementation (Rouse, 2019). These three layers are:
1. Core layer:
It consists of routers that are big, fast and expensive. It is referred to as the backbone of the
network. It is used to merge the different separate networks together (Matsuda, 2012). This
layer is incapable of performing any manipulation operation that can filter or access the list.
2. Distribution layer:
It acts as the mediator between the core layer and the access layer. All the operations like
filtering, routing and quality of service policies have managed this layer (Batumalai, et. al.,
2015).
3. Access layer:
It provides network access to users. Through the access layer, the hosts of the computers are
connected to a network.
Figure 1: Hierarchical network design model
(Source: study-ccna.com)
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The two models of the hierarchical network design are a three-tier model and the two-tier model.
1. Three-tier model:
Figure 2: Three-tier network design model
(Source: Campus network design models)
2. Two-tier model:
Figure 3: Two-tier network design model
(Source: Campus network design models)
Features of the scalable network are (Khan, et. al., 2017):
 Reliable
 Available and accessible
 Efficient
 Adaptable and secure
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P2. Discuss LAN redundancy, bandwidth, and load related issues and possible
solutions with reference to Layer 2 and Layer 3 of the OSI Model
 LAN redundancy:
It allows physical networks connected to fix networking. It also provides the backup path to
reprocess the data via the same path (Bhattacharjee, 2016). Due to redundancy in network
traffic load decreases on the particular one link as it shared between the redundant links. The
availability and capacity increase because of the redundancy.
Figure 4: LAN redundancy
(Source: help.geautomation.com)
 Bandwidth:
Bandwidth is the capacity to measure the maximum amount of transmitted data in
wired/wireless networks. It is expressed in the form of bits per second (bps) (Sahoo and
Goswami, 2014). Bandwidth is of two types:
a. Symmetrical:
The capacity of upload and download of data, both are in the same direction.
b. Asymmetrical:
The capacity of both, upload and download are not equal (Cisco networking academy,
2017).
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Bandwidth issues arise due to two main problems, the big quantity of data and extended
duration. These issues can lead to low bandwidth which will definitely result in slow
performance.
Figure 5: Network bandwidth and throughput
(Source: systemzone.net)
 Load:
The load is basically the amount of work on wired or wireless networks. It needs to handle
otherwise it will create chaos in the network leading to slow performance (Matsuda, 2012).
One should always try to troubleshoot the loading issue. To troubleshoot the load issue, load
balancers are used in the network in order to distribute the data for transmission among the
various links. It increases the capacity as well as the reliability (Petajajarvi, et. al., 2017).
Figure 6: Network load balancing
(Source: globaldots.com)
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M1. Analyze the switch and router redundancy protocols and their effectiveness in
supporting scalable networks.
 Router redundancy protocol:
It is commonly known as a virtual router redundancy protocol (VRRP). Network layer and
open standard protocol which is used in a network to provide the redundancy within
(Batumalai, 2015). Redundancy of routers is provided in order to increase the number of
routers so that in the case when one router fails, the other router comes forward and take the
responsibility of forwarding the traffic. The availability of the routing paths gets increase and
also the reliability (Khan, et. al., 2017).
Figure 7: Virtual router redundancy protocol
(Source: gns3vault.com)
 Switch redundancy protocol:
It is commonly known as a virtual switch redundancy protocol (VSRP). It helps with
redundancy in a switch in order to provide redundancy in layers 2 and 3 of the OSI model
(Kaur and Gurm, 2015). When there is a redundancy in layer 2 only, one can say that the
layer 2 links are backed up. And if there is a redundancy in layer t2 and layer 3, it means that
links and IP address both are backed up.
Figure 8: Virtual switch redundancy
(Source: community.cisco.com)
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 Hot standby router protocol:
It provides IP networks redundancy, ensuring the immediate recovery of router failures. Due
to the hot standby router protocol, addresses of IP and MAC share a single LAN (Rouse,
2019). It is effective in achieving scalability.
Figure 9: Hot standby router protocol
(Source: 9tut.com)
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LO2
P3. Select LAN devices based on features and requirements, and apply basic
configuration commands for network connectivity
There are many LAN devices exists but organization selected wanted to have layer 2 and layer 3
devices which have to be redundant. (Bhattacharjee, 2016).
 Layer 2 switch:
It is used to send the packets from source to destination with MAC address. It comprises of
the single broadcast domain and provides a mechanism to reduce traffic. It doesn't get
affected by the layer 3 packets (Kaur and Gurm, 2015).
 Layer 3 switch:
With the use of the IP address, it routes the packets. It involves multiple broadcast domains
and provides a way for VLAN implementation (packetworks, 2019).
Figure 10: Layer 2 and layer 3 switching
(Source: documentation.meraki.com)
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Figure 11: Transport Network Design
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