Travel and Tourism Industry: Quantitative Analysis Problem Report

This report investigates the business research problem faced by the travel and tourism industry in the United Kingdom during the COVID-19 pandemic, utilizing data sourced from the Office of National Statistics (ONS). It includes a literature review covering relevant concepts, models, and theories, followed by a quantitative analysis of the dataset using appropriate tools and techniques. Visualizations of the data are presented to support the findings, which highlight the significant negative impact of the pandemic on the industry's earnings and operations. The report concludes by emphasizing the importance of understanding and addressing these challenges to support the recovery and future development of the travel and tourism sector.

Problem Based Report

Table of Contents

Introduction......................................................................................................................................1
Business research problem...............................................................................................................1
Literature Review covering concepts, models and theories.............................................................2
Identify dataset sourced from the Office of National Statistics (ONS) website..............................3
Quantitative analysis of the dataset using tools and techniques......................................................4
Visualisations of data drawn from the quantitative analysis...........................................................4
Findings drawn from the quantitative analysis of the dataset..........................................................5
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................10
References......................................................................................................................................11

Introduction
Business research problem is defined as the identification of the problem in the business
with the help of in-depth investigation using authentic facts and figures in a particular country.
The chosen industry for the current report is travel and tourism in the United Kingdom. Travel
and tourism industry provides services of travelling and accommodation along with the food and
many other activities for entertainment and for business purposes as well. It includes the hotels
and restaurants along with the travel agencies and many more as per the services (Pappas, 2019).
The following discussion is based on the business research problem of the travel and tourism
industry during covid-19. The below report provides the view of the in-depth detailing of
business research problems and the literature review covering the concept and models along with
the theories of the problem. Moreover the report will also provide the insight of the identification
of the data set source from the office of national statistics website and also has performed the
quantitative analysis of the data set using tools and techniques. The report covers the
visualisations of data drawn from the quantitative analysis and also the findings drawn from the
qualitative analysis of the data set with proper conclusion.
Business research problem
Business research problem is based on the travel and tourism industry at the time of
covid-19. According to the data mentioned below, it has been investigated and analysed that in
the years before 2019 there was a great earnings by travel and tourism industry due to the
maximum number of travels and visits by the customers from one place to another and also the
high use of restaurants and hotels as well. 2019 comes up with the covid 19 and it has resulted in
the world lockdown because of pandemic in the entire world. This is because people are more
concerned about their health and safety so that they cannot get affected by such a dangerous
disease. Therefore the visitor's stopped taking the services from travel and tourism industry in the
United Kingdom and also all over the world as well (Gil-Alana and Payne, 2020). The below
graph and data analysed states that there are maximum visitors from 2016 to 2019 but it has
lower down in 2019 because of the pandemic. This is a business research problem faced by the
travel and tourism industry and the time of covid-19 because they have suffered a lot of losses
and even the shutting down of the businesses as well. As for the data analysed, there were only
2.6 million visits in the United kingdom by overseas residents in January 2019 as compared to
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other previous years. United Kingdom residents have given the earnings of only 4.5 million
overseas in January 2019 as compared to other previous years which means two per cent lower
than 2018. Covid 19 has not only affected the travel and tourism industry but also the entire
world in a disastrous manner. Discussion is done on the travel and tourism because the maximum
negative impact is on the travel and tourism industry because it has been investigated that most
of the shutdown of the companies are from this industry as compared to other industries (Otoo,
Kim and Choi, 2020).
Literature Review covering concepts, models and theories
According to Bas and Sivaprasad, (2021), there are various theories and concepts which
are used by the travel and tourism industries so that they can fight against the covid-19. There are
various important contexts which have improved the development of tourism and have also
explained and understood the tourism models and theories that must be applied in a practical way
for better opportunities in future.
According to Caporale and Gil-Alana, (2019), Theories and concepts along with the
models of tourism helps in exploring and adopting the social science approach in order to explain
why and what tourism can do for the country and also develop the key ideas which helps in
understanding the critical thinking of the tourism industry. Tourism uses the stage setting
methodology which identifies different approaches and defines and structures at tourism
agencies for a better business model and practical way of approaching the customers. It also
provides the working of tourism with the help of attractions and how they can access the tourists
along with the spatial interaction of customers.
According to Gore, Wynne and Myers, (2019), Moreover there are the factors which
influence international tourism and also the political economy of tourism which further helps in
approaches to forecasting. These models help in the travel and tourism industry to get the
answers about the reason for travelling and also the concept of sociological and anthropological
tourism. This model helps in understanding the conflicts among employees and customers in
terms of change and sustainability along with the climate change and resilience which is
followed by the transformation to A carbon neutral economy and also the tourism planning as
well.
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Identify dataset sourced from the Office of National Statistics (ONS) website
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Descriptive analysis
Period Value
Mean 42826.3548387097 Mean 3350
Standard Error 49.6754098183 Standard Error 32.2323553465
Median 42826 Median 3330
Mode #N/A Mode 3260
Standard Deviation 276.5809764954 Standard Deviation 179.4621594283
Sample Variance 76497.0365591398 Sample Variance 32206.6666666667
Kurtosis -1.2012270907 Kurtosis -0.0054794525
Skewness -0.0019270523 Skewness 0.4800089428
Range 912 Range 760
Minimum 42370 Minimum 2990
Maximum 43282 Maximum 3750
Sum 1327617 Sum 103850
Count 31 Count 31
Quantitative analysis of the dataset using tools and techniques
Research methodology used in the current report is in the form of an onion model which
has 6 layers. Research philosophy is a first layer in which positivism philosophy is used.
Research approach is the second layer in which deductive approach is used. Research choice is
the third layer in which the mono method is used in the form of quantitative analysis. Research
strategy is a fourth layer in which survey is used. Research time horizon is the fifth layer in
which cross-sectional studies are used (Jones, 2021). Research techniques and procedures is a
sixth layer in which both primary and secondary types of Data collection is used. Primary is used
in the form of literature review with the help of books and the internet. Secondary is used in the
form of survey with the help of quantitative analysis in the form of numeric values and facts and
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figures displayed with the help of tables and graphical representation. Quality and methodology
used in the factual information are such that it represents the strengths and limitations of the data
when comparing it with the related data. It also displays the uses and users of the data so that the
output can be created in an effective manner which has a quality and includes accuracy of data as
well (CHAVDA, 2020).
Visualisations of data drawn from the quantitative analysis
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Findings drawn from the quantitative analysis of the dataset
The above table represents the estimates of visits of the customers and spending for the overseas
residents who visit the United Kingdom in 2019 January. It is being analysed that the above data
represents the number of visits of customers in thousands in 2018-2019 in different months. It
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also represents the percent change from earlier year to the next year. Moreover earnings of travel
and tourism are also estimated in minions and also the percentage change from year earlier as
well. Therefore it is concluded that from the initial year of 2018 it was good earnings in the
travel and tourism industry but till 2019 it was decreased due to covid-19 from positive earnings
to the negative earnings. This is the data of overseas citizens from year to year analysed during
their visits from different months of 2019 and 2018.
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The above table represents the data of the estimations of visits and spending for United Kingdom
residents who visit abroad in 2019 January. Data is represented by the number of visits in
thousands and the percentage change from earlier year and also the expenditure in millions.
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Moreover it also represents the percentage change from earlier years from 2018 to 2019. This is
data of non seasonally visits which is adjusted in the form of percentage of both the years. It is
analyzed that in 2018 sometimes it was in negative earnings and sometimes it was in positive
earnings which means it was fluctuating. In 2019, data is represented in a seasonally adjusted
manner in which there are positive earnings of tours and travel industry in the United Kingdom.
The above table represents the confidence intervals which is associated with overseas travels and
tourism and has also been estimated in 2019 January. The table represents the monthly estimates
in 2019 January and its estimation along with the positive and negative confidence interval as
well. It is estimated that there are 2640 visits to the United Kingdom of overseas residents in
thousands with 10.5%. It is estimated that there are 1460 earnings from United Kingdom visits in
millions with 11.6 percent. It is estimated that there are 4540 visits abroad in the United
Kingdom in thousands with 8.4%. It is also estimated that there are 2890 expenditures on the
visits abroad in millions with 11.6%. This is the entire analysis being done from the above table.
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It has been found out that the latest data published in 2018 and trends by allies in 2019 provide
the final overseas travel and the estimation of tourism in a more detailed analysis of visits and
spending by the customers. This is because it includes the analysis of demographics and the
countries visited by the customers in different parts of the United Kingdom. The data set which
is represented helps in conducting the analysis of quarterly and annual data in the form of
variables which are basically provided in the SPSS and Excel. The detailed analysis of visit and
spending in the form of isolated aspects of the countries are also analyzed in different regions of
the United Kingdom (Massidda, Piras and Seetaram, 2022). Moreover, it provides the outcomes
and results of the visit in the United Kingdom by overseas customers along with the abroad visits
and spending by the travelers with the help of professional passenger traffic data. Outcomes of
the above information detailed in the form of graphs and tables are such that it has been
estimated that the years before 2019 were good for the travel and tourism industry because they
were working smoothly with the maximum number of visits and travel. But they have lowered
the performance in 2019 due to covid-19 pandemic and still suffering the problem in h
operations and Management with low number of customers (Amoamo, 2019).
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Conclusion
It is concluded that travel and tourism is an important industry to learn and investigate so
that its problems and solutions can be implemented in real world organizations. This is because
this is an industry which covers the major part of the United Kingdom economy and also
contributes to the gross domestic product of the nation. That is why some authentic facts and
figures are used so that the clear picture of a business research problem can be figured out
because of covid-19. Therefore it is important to analyze the in detailing business research
problem. it is necessary to determine the literature review covering concepts and models along
with the theories. It is essential to examine the data set sourced from the office of national
statistics website. It is significant to perform quantitative analysis of the data set. It is crucial to
assess the visualization of data drawn from the analysis. It is imperative to evaluate the findings
drawn from the analysis of the data set. Hence the above discussion covers all such areas in order
to better understand the concept of business research problems in the travel and tourism industry
at the time of covid-19.
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References
Books and Journals
Amoamo, M., 2019. Brexit and the UK Overseas Territories: Tourism and the Reconstitution of
Core–Periphery Identity. Tourism and Brexit, p.157.
Bas, T. and Sivaprasad, S., 2021. COVID-19 and Implications for Future Trends in the UK
Travel and Tourism Sector. Available at SSRN 3623404.
Caporale, G.M. and Gil-Alana, L.A., 2019. UK overseas visitors: Seasonality and
persistence. Tourism Economics, 25(5), pp.827-831.
CHAVDA, J., 2020. FACTS ABOUT INBOUND VISITORS IN UK.
Gil-Alana, L.A. and Payne, J.E., 2020. Persistence, seasonality, and fractional integration within
a nonlinear framework: Evidence from US citizens’ overseas travel. Tourism Economics,
p.1354816620962428.
Gore, S., Wynne, S.P. and Myers, A., 2019. UK Overseas Territories in the Northeast Caribbean:
Anguilla, British Virgin Islands, Montserrat. In World Seas: an Environmental
Evaluation (pp. 549-565). Academic Press.
Jones, P., 2021. A review of the UK’s tourism recovery plans post COVID-19. Athens Journal of
Tourism, 9.
Massidda, C., Piras, R. and Seetaram, N., 2022. Analysing the drivers of itemised tourism
expenditure from the UK using survey data. Annals of Tourism Research Empirical
Insights, 3(1), p.100037.
Otoo, F.E., Kim, S. and Choi, Y., 2020. Understanding senior tourists' preferences and
characteristics based on their overseas travel motivation clusters. Journal of Travel &
Tourism Marketing, 37(2), pp.246-257.
Pappas, N., 2019. UK outbound travel and Brexit complexity. Tourism Management, 72, pp.12-
22.
Online source: https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/leisureandtourism/
bulletins/overseastravelandtourism/january2019provisionalresults#links-to-related-
statistics
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