A Comprehensive Report on Fundamentals of Travel and Tourism: Analysis

This report delves into the fundamentals of travel and tourism, providing a comprehensive overview of the industry's historical evolution and current trends. It examines the major historical developments, highlighting how travel has transformed from an activity for the elite to a global phenomenon. The report identifies the key reasons that attract tourists to specific destinations, analyzing factors such as prior experiences, political situations, and the availability of facilities. It also outlines the elements that must be considered when developing a new tourist place, emphasizing the importance of accessibility, attractions, amenities, and activities. Furthermore, the report explores different types of tourism, including specialized and mass tourism, and identifies the key organizations involved in the tourism supply chain. The report also analyses the factors that influence tourist's decision for selecting a particular destination. The report also identifies the six A's which are required to be focused on when developing a tourist destination. The report concludes by highlighting the importance of understanding tourist motivations, experiences, and expectations for successful destination development and effective tourism management.

fundamentals of travel and tourism

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
P1 Major historical and current development in tourism...........................................................3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................5
2. Identifying the reason for attraction of tourist on particular destination................................5
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................6
3. Identifying the elements which are required to be considered when developing new tourist
place............................................................................................................................................6
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................8
4. Identifying as well as outlining the key organisations involved in tourism supply chain.....8
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10
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INTRODUCTION
Fundamental of tourism is considered to be as the unique contribution of tourism
management. The several principles related to the tourism helps in managing the activities of
tourists>It also allows an organisation to provide memorable experience to visitors. These
principles assist an enterprise in differentiating itself from other industries. These fundamental
also supports an organisation in achieving success and fostering growth. During last few years,
there has been tremendous growth has been recognised in tourism sector. In UK government has
is providing support to tourism sector in growth. As this only the industry which is contributing a
lot towards economic development and generation of employment in the nation.
The purpose of the project is recognised the historical as well as present development in
tourism sector. It will also emphasize on highlighting the different forms of tourism and its
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characteristics. Assignment also have focus on identifying elements that should be considered
when developing a new
destination,
TASK 1
P1 Major historical and current development in tourism
The travel and tourism is considered to be as fastest growing industry in world. The
portion of tourism sector have increased importantly in every industry. It has been identified
from historic data which states that the travel and tourism has made beneficial as well as
significant contribution towards economic growth of nation and generation of employment in
the country. Tourism is defined as a cultural, social and economic phenomenon which includes
the movement of people from one destination to other for various objectives. Such people are
known as visitors or tourist. In historical times the ability of people to travel was reserved for
royalty and the upper classes. During earlier time, mainly the upper class people in the society
were used to travel. In middle age period, middle class or people with average income group
used to travel mainly for religious purpose. In earlier period the tour and travel companies in UK
was confined to provide as well as execute informal tours in form of moving from once place to
another at spiritual destinations. But with the passage of time there has been tremendous
development in tourism industry (Middleton and Clarke, 2012) As this factors has widened the
scope of travel and tourism business. Now travelling is not only limited for the aim of non
professional and relaxation activities, it has been executed for variety of other objectives such as
increasing knowledge, interest, health , and education etc.
During 14th period Columbus cruise westbound and Ascot Da gamma has executed travel
action. The intention off travelling was to earn money. From that time period business travel has
been an integral part of tourism (Heung, Kucukusta and Song, 2011)
The noble journey was being expedited by British elite class between late 16th and early
19 Th period had given growth to new view of tourism. During industrial revolution period there
was tremendous increase in demand for goods as well as services offered by tourism companies.
The rational behind rise in demand was primarily the launching of attractive tour packages
services which was introduced in year 1841.The package involve paid holiday advantage to
average income group of people in the society. Change in trend and other social, economical,
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legal , environmental factors has generated the opportunity for travel companies to foster
growth and achieve success. During historical time, the tour and travel companies were more
concerned about earning income and higher profits. But In present times the industry has been
developed and emphasizes on attracting more number of traveller or tourist by offering them
attractive tour packages, and other additional services such as online booking. The purpose
GSM leisure Ltd is to positively encourage tourist to visit destinations and make purchases of
product as well as services offered by company. Another objective of business entity is to
promote destination and earn profit.
Sea transport-This transportation option was established in year 1831.This transportation option
intends to provide memorable experience to travellers.
In 20th century rail transport has created a new image of tourism and travel business. It
was established in year 1820.This has built a new age revolution. The purpose of this change
was to provide ease in travelling to tourist. Air travel was other modification in tour and travel
sectors. It was first innovate in year 1992.Now it has been considered as best form of travelling.
Growth of package tour is the other development in industry. The intention of this
development is to render accommodation services to travellers.
Different types of tourism
Specialise tourism- This form of tourism includes group or an individual those who have special
desire to travel and visit particular destination. Specialised interest tourism is defined as the
activity that differentiate tourist. It provides visitors an opportunity to gain meaningful as well as
memorable experience. The objective of this type of journey is to fulfil some specific needs.
Specialise tourism is generally preferred for gaining recreational experience and leisure which is
derived by interest. There are several forces which encourage growth of special interest tourism
these are Development in transportation, increase in awareness about the effect of mass tourism
on culture and society, competitions among the companies operating in tourism sector etc.
Mass tourism – It is defined as volume of tourists compared to the concerned territory and to the
local population density. The important characteristics of mass tourism are it is spatially
Separate. Most travellers are concentrated into a small region. The losses suffered by companies
operating in tourism sector has results into decrease in number of resorts. Mass tourist
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destinations also tend to have segmented markets. The market is categorised into small parts with
the objective of reducing cost (Carver and Byrd, 2008)
TASK 2
2. Identifying the reason for attraction of tourist on particular destination
As per the view of Jenkins,(2000) Travellers decision related to selections of particular
destitution for visiting is influenced by the numbers of factors such as earlier experience gained
by them, political situation at destination,beauty of place, perception about destinations ,
expectation , availabilities of facilities as-well as services at particular location etc. These
expectations are created on the basis of representations permeate their own culture and absorbed
from the media (Puzakova, Kwak and Rocereto, 2009)
According to the opinion of Fountain, (2011) several expectations created by the traveller in
various types of situations have great as well as direct influence on behaviour of tourist. As per
the view of XIE (2011)Expectation derives from a several sources that involve the qualities as
well as perceptions which will be influenced by traveller’ cultural backgrounds. He also stated
that once the requirement and needs are identified by the visitors, these two factors motivates
traveller to visit particular destination. Expectation of the visitors helps companies in
determining the performance of the product. Traveller action or attitude might have typical form
of outlook or belief, partly because visitors have the potential to modify their expectation
through experience gained by them. As per the opinion of Inglis (2000) traveller experience
include all the things or factors which has been observed as well as felt by traveller during their
journey or stay at particular destination. On the other hand, argument is being made by Khalilah
(2006) who states that experience gained by travellers is very important factor as well as
procedure which helps in determining the factor that purpose of travelling has been achieved or
not. As this variable has significant influence on the visitors choice related to selection of
specific destination for travelling in the future. As per the opinion of McIntosh (2003) who
interprets that there are mainly two important dimensions which depicts traveller experience
these are authenticity as well as gazing. As per the view of Deci and Ryan (2000), inter sic as
well as extrinsic are two forms of motivation which push and pull visitors to make conduct
travelling activity. Intrinsic motivation is defined as inspiration that is driven by a curiosity and
exists within human being. In other words, Intrinsic motivation encourage or push an individual
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to make destination choice to travel. Whereas Extrinsic motivation is generated by the influence
of external factors. In simple words, external factors influence the behaviour, perception and
decision of traveller to visit particular destination.
As per the view of A. Lew (1987) perceptions related Visitors attractive typologies can
be categories into different segments such as development , cognitive , descriptive etc.
According to the opinion of Gunn (1988) attraction can be defined as mixture of three important
elements these are traveller, location and information about destinations. As per the perceptive
of Swarbrooke (1995) there are three level of product these are main products which is
purchased by the travellers. It involves the various benefits as well as facilities gained by an
individual during journey. The other tangible which includes physical goods as well as specific
offer which visitors receive in the price of the ticket: roller coaster rides etc. Augmented products
involves ancillary services as well as other additional benefit for travellers (Clarke
and et.al., 2009)
TASK 3
3. Identifying the elements which are required to be considered when developing new tourist
place
Tourism destination is defined as as place where most of the traveller visits for
variety of purposes. Developing the destination is the important task. The purpose of
this type of change is to attract visitors to visit particular destination. In present
scenario, there has been increase in intensity of competition which has created the
major challenge for several destinations. Competitiveness is considered to be the
import important element in terms of success of the destination. The term
competitiveness is refers to as the effort and achievement of long-term profitability. Several
factors which are to be considered when planning to develop destination these are nature , taste ,
prefers of travellers who will be visiting destination, transportation facilities, infrastructure ,
resources which are very important for designing the various activities for tourist. Resources are
also essential for providing the memorable experience to visitors. There are mainly six A which
are required to be focus when developing the place these are:
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Accessibility-It includes the transportation facilities which allows travellers to travel from one
destination to another. The Leisure limited company should develop destination at such place
where transportation facility is easily available.
Attraction-It can be man made or natural attractions. This is the feature which help in
encouraging visitors to visit particular destinations. Attraction is the features which motivates or
influence traveller to make frequent visit to particular place.
Amenities-These are in form of services which are provided by the travel companies to visitors
at particular experience. It is required by leisure limited company to conduct market research. As
this activity will assist business entity in recognising the needs of customers and analysing their
expectations which will be helpful as well as beneficial in developing the destinations as per the
demand of tourist.
Available package-Pre arrange tour packages can be designed to motivate more numbers of
visitors to visit particular region.
Activities-This strategy support an enterprise in providing memorable expertise to people
visiting particular place or region. Activities should be planned in effective manner. It should be
designed considering demographic factors and availability of resources to conduct event at
specific locations.
Ancillary services- This include the identification of methods which can be used for marketing
as well as coordinating the several operations or activities. Delivering ancillaries services is
important in order to promote brand name and destinations. It helps business entity in developing
as well as maintaining healthy relationship with clients. This strategy also enables an
organisation to gain customer loyalty (Chang and Chen, 2008)
TASK 4
4. Identifying as well as outlining the key organisations involved in tourism supply chain
There are several companies those who are involved in tourism business. Some of them
are as follow: UK in bound,, British Educational Travel Association, Brooke Green UK DMC
Driver Guides Association, EC Travel,British Airways holidays, etc. These companies helps in
providing the various services that are as follows: meeting facilities to business people, provides
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education and various training facilities to students, it also renders Tourist an opportunity to
develop network. Different articles as well as journals are provided from time to time which
assist people to get themselves updated with current happenings of this entity. Organise dinner
as per the direction provided by the traveller.
Supply chain can be operated systematically as well effectively only through commercial
relationship. Supply chain management helps business entity in delivering sustainable
performance. It also supports an organisation in improving business activities. Supply chain
management has significant as well as direct influence on the volume of tourist visiting in the
country.
Public sector organisation- These companies are funded by the national as well as local
government. The purpose of the public companies is to educate, inform and provide a service to
its consumers or visitors. Role of this organisation sis to provide financial and other resources
which are required for developing a supply chain network and getting the raw material for
delivering quality services or products to visitors.
Voluntary enterprises-These are recognised as charitable organisations. Voluntary enterprise
obtain financial resources mainly through their members, donations from private or public
companies and in form entrance fees to attractions. Objectives of voluntary organisations is to
preserve , promote and protect their cause. It intends to provide advice as well as free suggestion
related to developing as well as maintaining supply chain .
Private companies-Many of the travel and tourism business belongs to private organisations.
Purpose of these business unit is to earn revenue and higher profit by engaging itself in tourism
activities. These organisations intend to solve the issues related to supply chain management
(Yoo and Gretzel, 2011)
CONCLUSION
The report has concluded that there is tremendous development in travel and tourism
industry. It has been identified that government has supported tourism industry in its growth. As
this is only the sector which has contributed a lot towards economic development of nation.
Assignment has concluded that there are several internals as well as external factors which have
direct and significant influence on the behaviour of visitors. It has been analysed from the project
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that companies operating in travel industry is required to launch attractive packages as well as
offers. As this will help an organisation in attracting more number of visitors.
The project has highlighted the several components which are required to be considered
by the travel companies when planning to develop destination. Study has successfully
demonstrated the reason related to travellers attraction particular destination. It has also provided
the explanation about several motivational factors which influence visitors behaviour or
perception related to particular place.
REFERENCES
Books and Journal:
Heung, V.C., Kucukusta, D. and Song, H., 2011. Medical tourism development in Hong Kong:
An assessment of the barriers. Tourism Management. 32(5), pp.995-1005.
Middleton, t. C. V. and Clarke, J. R., 2012. Marketing in Travel and Tourism. Routledge.
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Carver, P. and Byrd, J., 2008. Marketing a European experience to the less traveled. Journal of
American Academy of Business. 14 (1). pp. 131‐6.
Puzakova, M., Kwak, H. and Rocereto, J.F. 2009. Pushing the envelope of brand and personality
: antecedents and moderators of anthropomorphized brands. Advances in Consumer Resear
ch. 36. pp. 413‐420.
Yoo, K.H. and Gretzel, U., 2011. Influence of personality on travel‐related consumer‐generated
media creation. Computers in Human Behavior. 27 (2). pp. 609‐621.
Clarke, I. III, and et.al., 2009. Student intercultural proficiency from study abroad programs. Jou
rnal of Marketing Education. 31. pp. 173‐81.
Chang, H.H. and Chen, S.W. 2008, The impact of customer interface quality, satisfaction and sw
itching costs on e‐loyalty: internet experience as a moderator. Computers in Human Behavi
or, 24 (6). 2927‐2944.
Yoo, K.H. and Gretzel, U., 2011. Influence of personality on travel‐related consumer‐generated
media creation. Computers in Human Behavior. 27 (2). pp. 609‐621.
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