Travel and Tourism Sector: Historical Development and Structure

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of the travel and tourism sector, beginning with an introduction to its rapid growth and importance in the modern market. It then delves into the historical development and structure of the industry, examining key milestones and the various components such as transportation, accommodation, and government agencies. The report explores the functions of international agencies, government bodies, and national governments in shaping the sector, as well as the effects of economic and political changes on tourism. Furthermore, it addresses the positive and negative environmental, social, and economic impacts of tourism, specifically focusing on London, and suggests strategies for mitigating negative effects and maximizing positive outcomes. The report concludes by summarizing key findings and providing a list of references.

Travel and Tourism Sector

Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................1
SCENARIO 1...................................................................................................................................2
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................2
1.1 Key historical development and improvement in travel & tourism sector ...........................2
1.2 Structure of the travel and tourism sector .............................................................................3
(Source: Structure of the travel and tourism sector in UK, 2015)...............................................3
M1 Demonstrate approaches to research and study the structure ...............................................5
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................5
2.1Function of the international agencies, government sponsored bodies and national
government .................................................................................................................................5
2.2 National and local economic policy effects the travel and tourism sector development ......6
2.3 Implications of political changes on the tourism industry in various countries ...................7
M2 Techniques and Theories are applied in analysing the government functions .....................8
DI Importance of the national and local policies ........................................................................9
SCENARIO 2.................................................................................................................................10
TASK 3..........................................................................................................................................10
Covered in PPT..........................................................................................................................10
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................10
4.1 Negative and positive environment, social and economic impacts of tourism on London 10
4.2 Different strategies that help to minimise the negative tourism effects .............................11
D3 Creative thinking in issue solving of negative impacts and increase positive impacts .......11
CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................13
.......................................................................................................................................................15

INTRODUCTION
In current sophisticated market, travel and tourism sector growing and developing
rapidly. In today’s world, each and every person are very enthusiastic and smart in order to work
or function as well as to the ventures. Basically, such kind of sector is a luxurious part which
given by various enterprises in all around. Tourism is a great market segment in various
organisations and industries is keep giving is better services and products in differentiated way in
order to capture large number of the market share (Holden, 2016). There are certain services
which are provided by travel and tourism industry such as accommodations, food safety
management, amusement arrangement and room occupations etc.
This report is based on two scenarios one is historical development and structure of
tourisms industry. This assignment also discussed functions of government and international
agencies, national and local economic policies and its effects of tourism sector. Along with this
political changes also influence the business success and growth. Second scenario defined the
supply is important because it influence the product demand. This project also determined about
negative and positive impacts of travel sector (Lamsfus and et. al., 2013). Apart from this
“Economic development Agency” apply certain strategy in order to minimise negative effects
and maximise positive impacts efficiently.
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SCENARIO 1
TASK 1
1.1 Key historical development and improvement in travel & tourism sector
Travel and tourism sector is one of the most attractive part of the all persons. These
industries rapidly grow and develop day by day with the variation of individual expectation and
its behaviours. According to the time period structured, in 1945 data is approximately when grow
and increase in the sector. Choice of the people is spending their more time to the various
destinations (Huang and et. al., 2013). Changes in the personal expectation and behaviour from
this sector has create possible for vacation industry in order to maintain phase with another firm.
Transportation and travelling of goods are main reason of the business success and growth. In
current period, such industry not only consider travelling but also includes those locations which
are auxiliary to the client’s comfort (History and structure of the travel and tourism industry,
2017).
One of the main unit behinds these success and development was amount of money. In
2006 United State, it is one of the famous and popular destination or place with the net profits of
$180 billion apart from 189 million tourists. It is very attractive place which attract large number
of the customers towards particular destination. In year 1960 different factors are considering
into notice like; free period availability increment, persuaded interest of the visitors for the long
journey, growth and development in the personal income of the separate in United Kingdom.
Improvement and development of trip packages which offered by various business entity for the
period life in force.
In during the day, tourism sector formation is impacted by the different number of trades
which formed in such section (Cernat and Gourdon, 2012). Various kind of business comes in
this sector and offer large amount of trip correspondences which are clients oriented in regards to
bring maximum firm out of the open market. There are various players which are followed
different strategies and policies in mentioned sector in an effective or efficient manner. They are
not only containing travelling facilities but it handles the whole thing for the visitors. Due to this,
all changes are maintaining as per the customer wants and demands. Structure of the business
that classified in different ways such as tour operation, name of company, hotel industries, events
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& conference conducting, prearrangement of permit visa, travelling in stocks etc. It is identifying
as company is classified into various parts which are determined under this:
Management functions:
 Sales and marketing: It includes workers who involve in providing certain services and
products to the clients in market with the use of unique strategy and sales team.
 Distributors: In this various outsider of the company including which support in fetching
few entities in the enterprise which is important part in business development and
success.
 Legal department: They are known as highly qualified and knowledgeable people who
follow all the regulation and rules which is formed by government (Hedlund, 2011).
1.2 Structure of the travel and tourism sector
Travel and tourism industry is classified into various parts because it is big industry in the
organisation. There are some sectors which are includes in this that paly essential role in business
success and development (Kim and Fesenmaier, 2015). All these are determined under this:
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Illustration 1: Structure of the travel and tourism sector
(Source: Structure of the travel and tourism sector in UK, 2015)
Transpiration: It is a tourism factor which is very important in order to reaching the
various places for visitors in UK. In this they can use certain kind of transport facility such as
Cruise liners, Taxis, Railways and Airlines etc.
Accommodations: It is also essential factor of the tourism industry in order to attract large
number of the visitors. In this, each and every traveller are required better room service where
they spend their more time (Choi and Turk, 2011). Due to this enterprise gives accommodation
services with additional amenity like; entertainment, food and beverage to the clients. There are
also several example of housing such as camping ground, hotels and resorts which is given by
“Economic development Agency.
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Coordination and information: When travellers visit an innovative destination they need
several information regarding that location. There are various subsectors which are includes in
this where visitor can acquire necessary information about data regarding tourist centres, tour
leaders, travel monitor publications and tourism consultants etc.
Tour wholesalers and operations: Both are important person that hold a big destination in T&T
industry because they give wholesale amenity in the package form to the visitor for instance:
Thomas cook give different services such as attractions, tour, accommodations, tickets and flight
expenses in a pooled package (Davidson and et. al., 2012).
Government: They are not classified as a tourism sector that has main effects on them.
They play essential role in regulating, promotion, planning and advising of vacation industry.
Attractions: It is the key motivations and encouragement for the visitor to visit. Due to this,
different tour machinists combine certain desirability into a holiday package for the travellers
while several attractions are traded as unconnected trip to the sightseer (Tangeland and Aas,
2011). It could be categorised into various forms which emanates at a price. All these are
described under this:
 Natural for- ZOO and PARK
 Historical- BUCKINGHAM PLACE
 Cultural- THEARTRES and ART GALLERIES
 Manmade- MADAM TUSSADS Entertainment- AMUSEMENT PARKS and CINEMAS
Travel Agents: It is also essential approach where visitor plan to traveller new destination or
country. Due to this travel agency gives different services like; visa information, travel advice,
insurance and ticket sales etc. All these are requiring by target customers such as corporates
markets and general public.
M1 Demonstrate approaches to research and study the structure
As per the research, structure of the travel and tourism industry help the visitor in order to
travel different destination or country without any difficulties. Above, entire sectors are
important and necessary part of the tour package (Becken, 2013). They give significant and
valuable information regarding holiday trip to the clients in order to attract large number of the
clients effectively. In the UK, there are several types of attraction place which attract the visitor
such as natural, historical, manmade, cultural and entertainment etc. In this government also play
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essential role in planning, regulating and advising of travel & tourism industry regarding
policies, rules and regulations.
TASK 2
2.1Function of the international agencies, government sponsored bodies and national government
As a part of tourism industry, government play essential role that influences accurate
through Whitehall in order to look at all policies from a perspective of tourism (Hudson and
Thal, 2013). From wounding red tape on companies, to visa tenders and airport wait in line
periods, infrastructure & planning etc. all these are known as strategy which includes entire areas
that have great effects on persons and organisation.
Government play essential role in the operational of tourism industry. In this strategic
related judgement is taken by legal authority that ensure economic and social growth (Hall,
2011). But the growth and development of a successful industry in not sufficient.
National government: They play essential and significant role in each and every
organisation. For example: Titan and Thomson are best travel and tourism industry in United
Kingdom. Regarding to the income group both sector is biggest influencing on local government.
Due to this, exclusively sector pays 14% tax amount which is gathered by mentioned
government. In this industry luxury tax also very large volume of tax that executed on the public.
 There are certain restrictions which also forced by resident government so in this way,
tourism never influence the local operational of its self-nation.
 It is public released detail that about 34.4 million foreign tourists who come United
Kingdom and employ a top score of $ 21.8 billion.
 They are making different activities in regards to maintain overseas travellers experience
in better manner.
 Assembly economic strategy and policies bring into line with the optimistic outlooks with
the settlers. Implanting policies at the large and world level so in this different international tourist
could be more attracted.
International agencies: In regards to enhancement tourism in United Kingdom all efforts are
never build at the narrow level but also made at internationally (Buckley, 2012). As it is broadly
recognized fact that industry bring foreign currency in a large amount.
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 There are certain international agencies such as world trade organisation, European
union, world tourism council, and international air transport organisation are gathering
regulations and polices in the positive way. In this, they are making their full efforts as well as giving their best support to the
resident government.
Government sponsored bodies: They can deposit the tourism industry in order to improve the
services (Tangeland and et. al., 2013). There is certain function which they are plays such as:
 They provided security and safety to travellers in country.
 Local tourism is provided at monetary value in regards to make right use of visitors.
 Travel distribution management is connected with destination.
 Main function of mentioned government is preparing the yearly report to increase the
business sales with useful promotion and advertisement in public awareness.
2.2 National and local economic policy effects the travel and tourism sector development
Economic policies: It covers the different systems for fixing levels of government budget,
taxation, interest rates, national ownership, labour market, money supply and different other
zones of government interference in the economy.
National economic policies: It is defining the rules and regulations which is made by the
government regarding interest rate and budget in national level (Hall, 2011). There are certain
points which influence in the travel and tourism sector are as follows:
 Main purpose of designing these policies is to grow and sustain the business entity with
all advantages. The tourism and travel industry is under the monitor on national authority
for the services and taxation to visitors.
 The Safety and security rules or regulations are identified to municipalize the process of
vacation industry in country.
The act and laws pulls the effects to monitor all tourism diminish. In this government policies
that boost the service sector in order to preserve and enhance the general unities (Saraniemi and
Kylänen, 2011).
Local economic policies: It is very essential and important part of the service sector because
it supports the monetary value. With the help of this, business entity can easily get its success
and development effectively. There are some points which are effects in the T&T industry are as
follows:
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 States local policies require the consideration relate to particular purpose of economic
weakness.
 It supports in order to get well monetary values for the industry in country. It defines as it
pulls the effect on the products and services.
 Under this policy plays essential roles and responsibilities on business development and
success in effective or efficient manner.
 It is also plays significant role in the national economic growth so that needs of tourism
to be promoted and funded in order to check the accurate connection with another states.
 Tourism may influence with changes in stability and margins of services or facilities in
local places.
Both national and local policies are joined to create the advantages for the growth and
development of national. In this, highest policies have effect in taxation and cost term along with
service as well as security to travellers in country (Buckley, 2011). Local policies identify the
regulations in order to help the local municipal efficiently as per the political situation and
geographical segment.
2.3 Implications of political changes on the tourism industry in various countries
In different country, growth and development of tourism is not high because they faced
various issues in political unstableness. In this, two countries such as IRAN and CHINA, both
are faced certain problems regarding unstableness in political. These are determined in detailed
form which are as follows:
IRAN: Tourism in these country before theocracy accession, it was considered by an important
number of travellers who visiting to IRAN for its boasting culture luxuries, divers attraction,
beautiful landscape etc. for an activities range. Vacation industry waning histrionically for the
period of lran-Iraq in during the year such as 1980.
In 1979, visitor’s majority to IRAN that have been businesspeople and holy pilgrims
(Chiu and et. al., 2014). Formally records do not decide between those visiting to Iran for
company and those entrancing for preference as well as considers different number of movement
Iranians refunding to travel their families and relatives in IRAN.
In 2000, business entity still challenged serious limitations in communications,
infrastructure, personal training and regulatory norms. In year 2003, they were regarding 640
hotels and 63000 beds in Iran. In during the year, Iran officially state and earned approx.
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US$1billion from sightseeing. They currently have 68th ranks in tourism industry all around the
world.
CHINA: After death of Mao’s, they are senior official that had advocated in 1960. Tourism in
such country that largely extended over the latter periods. Middle class emergence chines
authority movements, both are operating this travel successful. China is a hottest outbound and
most watched tourist market in all over the world.
Number of international clients was 55 million in year 2007, 41.9 Billion is Foreign
exchange rate so position of this country in 5th in 2007. Number of national visitors is 1.61
billion and total revenue of 777.1 billion yuan.
M2 Techniques and Theories are applied in analysing the government functions
Above determined all functions of international agencies, government sponsored bodies
and national government are essential for the business success and development. All these are
play significant role and responsibility in achieving higher profitability and productivity of the
travel and tourism industry in an effective or efficient manner (Tangeland, 2011). With the help
of mass communication all are easily analyse and determine the government function in an easy
way. In this they can identify the taste and preferences of the international clients.
DI Importance of the national and local policies
Local and national policies are increase and improving the educational quality and
maximise the business sales effectively. It is very essential for innovation demand as well as
growing the clusters and networks role (Wu and Shi, 2011). Both are significant in business
development and growth. With the help of this, company can attract large number of the
customers towards visiting some destination as per their choice.
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SCENARIO 2
TASK 3
Covered in PPT
TASK 4
4.1 Negative and positive environment, social and economic impacts of tourism on London
Impacts Positive Negative
10