Detailed Report on the Travel and Tourism Industry: Key Aspects

This report provides a comprehensive overview of the travel and tourism industry, encompassing its historical developments, structural components, and the functions of government and international agencies. It delves into how economic policies, both local and national, impact the tourism sector, and the implications of political changes on the industry's stability and growth. The report further analyzes factors affecting tourism demand and how supply has adapted to meet these demands. It also explores the economic, environmental, and social impacts of tourism, offering strategies to minimize negative effects and maximize positive contributions. The document covers key aspects such as the Tourism Act, the role of tour operators and travel agents, and the significance of transportation and attractions within the tourism sector. The report also provides an analysis of state intervention, local and regional tourist organizations, and international agencies' roles in shaping the industry.

TRAVEL
AND
TOURISM

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Key historical developments in travel and tourism sector....................................................1
1.2 Structure of Travel and Tourism Sector................................................................................2
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................3
2.1 Function of Government in International Agencies in Travel and Tourism.........................3
2.2 The Local and the National Economic Policy affects the Tourism sector............................4
2.3 Implication of Political Changes in the Travel and Tourism Industry..................................5
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................6
3.1 Factors Affecting Tourism Demand......................................................................................6
3.2 Supply has Changed to Meet the Effects of Demand...........................................................7
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................8
4.1 The Economic, Environmental and Social Impact on Tourism............................................8
4.2 Strategies to Minimise the Negative Impact and Maximising the positive Impact............10
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFRENCES.................................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Travel and tourism is a department for entertaining people and it is also the business for
attracting the people to have business tours. Tourism can be at the international or national level.
The travel and tourism department is concerned with organising the different travel activities for
people sop that they can enjoy by visiting at different places around the world. The services
provided by the travel and the tourism department are according to the packages offered by the
tour operators. The travel and tourism industry has one goal in common that is provide relevant
services to the customers that satisfy the needs and the wants of customers. Tourism has operated
as a vital source of income for the people because people are using the travel department to visit
different places and give relaxation to their body from the daily busy schedules .The travel and
tourism department should ensure safety of the people who are travelling and they should
provide good accommodations to the customers. The services that benefits the tourism
department includes the transportation services, hospitality services, accommodation,
amusements, entertainment etc. The travel and tourism is concerned with providing all the
activities to the customers that are mentioned in the tour packages.
TASK 1
1.1 Key historical developments in travel and tourism sector.
The historical development that have taken place in the travel and tourism industry are :
1. Development of the tourism act 1969: The travel and tourism act was enacted in
1969 to coordinate with the different activities of the travel and tourism
department. The tourism act provided the British tourist authority for the
promotion of travel within the Britain. It also provides the assistance to finance
out of the public funds that were collected so as to provide the provisions for the
new hotels and accommodation for sleeping for long journeys in buses and thus it
was provided by the way it trade4d its business activities in the organisation. The
development of the tourism sector will coordinate will all the organisations that
will make up the travel and the tourism sector.(Aldebert, B., Dang, R.J. and
Longhi, C., 2011)
2. Package Travel Holiday Act: Since the year 1992 all the tour operators in UK
are offering the services in the travel department like the package holiday tour,
holidays and travel regulations etc. These regulations were conducted to ensure
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that there was no misconduct in the activities that were provided by the tour
operators. These set of regulations were enabled so that the tour operator may
realise his responsibility towards the customers and what can the customers can
do if the regulations were breached off that is they were not followed. All the
regulations should have the correct information that is to be displayed in the
Boucher. The UK tour operators that are offering the holidays package are in
consideration of the travels package regulations.
3. Disability Discrimination Act: The discrimination disability act was enacted in
1995 to protect the discrimination that were faced by many peoples who were
disabled. The act requires that all the public bodies should treat all the persons
equal who are disabled there should be no discrimination with the peoples on the
basis of disability.(.Assaf, A.G., 2012) The government should set the minimum
level of the standards or reserve some seats for the disabled persons so that they
does not face any difficulty while they are using the public transports.
1.2 Structure of Travel and Tourism Sector
The travel and tourism sector consist of six structures which are described as:
 Attraction: The attraction by the tourist can be either natural that occurs by
themselves or they can be man made by applying different policies and discounts
on the tour packages that can attract the customers. Man made attractions are
made for the travel department so that customers can be attracted for travel at
different places like the famous theme park that is named as Alton Tower that is
full of entertainment activities for the family.
 Transportation: The transportation is the source by which people can travel at
different places. The transportation plays a major role in the travel industry
because is a key tool for the travel industry. To get to final destination people
requires two type of the transportation like the transport required by the people of
UK that consist of all high level of the services and with all the forms of travel
information required.( Clift, S. and Page, S., 2015.)
 The rail network has been modernised in which different private companies are
competing with each others. The travel journeys have declined due to some level
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and the coach travel has becomes the popular form of transportation that enables
people to travel at very low prices.
 Travelling by the means of air consist of the time schedules of the flights
especially for the business class people those who had to attend the business
meetings.
 Tour Operators: The tour operator produces the tour packages in the form of
holiday plans for the customers. A contract is negotiated between the persons who
are operating with the accommodations and the transport. Buying in bulk services
by the tour operator reduces the overhead cost and the holiday package is
presented in the form of the Boucher to the travel agent.
 Travel Agent: The main job of the travel agent is to sell the Boucher to the
public. There is a link between the public and the tour operators so that they can
sell the Boucher. There are endless number of the travel agent who have their
agencies all around the UK. The independent travel agents are in small numbers
and they are having their families.(Clift, S. and Page, S., 2015)
 Tourism Development: The tourism board offers the information regarding the
regions that are involved in the holiday packages. The tourism board is concerned
with the changes if any suggested by the customers for the advice and to
undertake the research on that changes how can they be implemented.
TASK 2
2.1 Function of Government in International Agencies in Travel and Tourism
The functions and the role of the government is an important factor in the travel and
tourism because it involves the policies and the programmes for the overall regulations of the
travel industry. The interventions in the state is the relatively practices for the government at
centre. The importance of the government at the national level who haver delegated their
authority and their responsibilities for the inter government bodies that are operating.
 Areas of state Intervention: The state government considers that the duties of
the public sector must include the issues like the health and the safety of the
customers, infrastructures, fair trading and the transportation like the roads
railways and the airways.(Dasgupta, D., 2011) These are the matters that are
directly concerned with the residential populations. The provision for the facilities
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includes the concept that there should be no damage to the resources of the
environment, protection of the wildlife and the responsibility for the protection of
the cultural heritage sites and these all are the important part of the visitors
attraction.(Hall, C.M., 2013)
 Strategy: The strategy that are implemented by the organisation it is necessary
that the central or the state government agree on the overall strategy of the travel
and tourism department. There should be proper implementation of the plans and
the procedures that are used for the coordination of the overall activities of the
travel department.
 Local and Regional Tourist Organisations: The local and the regional authority
has the roles and the responsibilities that are similar to the central government and
many times they are comprehensive. In the early times the travel department was
stimulated by the growth of the local network and the public sectors were at the
local levels and at that time there was no organisations for national tourism.
 International Agencies: There are a large number of the international bodies
like the government bodies and the non government bodies in the interest of the
tourism departments. The government agencies reflect the interest of the
government in the national and the international context and the political will at
the tourism interventions. (Goeldner, C.R. and Ritchie, J.B., 2012)In the countries
that are basically industrialised the priority of the tourism tends to be at a very
low level because the people are most busy in the day to day activities at their
respective industries. The diverse range of the tourism activities there are large
number of the organisation with the responsibilities but the coordination of the
different activities at the national level is very weak. The main sector of the
transportation body is in the case of the trades and the different modes of the
transportation are in the competitive situations. Thus is is difficult for the overall
tourism sector to sustain is activities even when the cooperation at the operations
levels are effective.
2.2 The Local and the National Economic Policy affects the Tourism sector
The local and the economic policies deal with the policies for setting the interest rates
that are to be prevailed in the economy, the settings of the different types of the budgets by the
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government of the economy, the conditions that affects the labour markets, ownership at the
national and the international level and the areas of the government interventions in the economy
these all factors are classified under the economic policies of the government. The economic
policies of the country are influenced by many institution like the International Monetary Funds
(IMF) and the World Banks as well as the beliefs of the political parties and the different
consequent policies of the parties. The IMF and the World Bank financially helps the small
business units by providing them loans and credits so that they can run their business operations
that was affected due to the financial aspects. The economic policies of the country are a part and
the parcel of the way to the success for the travel and the tourisms industry as it influences the
local and the national growth and development of the economies and there will be greater impact
on the development in the areas of the regions economic growth the amenities the lifestyle and
the services that are provided to the individuals of the economy.( Timothy, D.J. and Duval, D.T.,
2012)
2.3 Implication of Political Changes in the Travel and Tourism Industry
The travel and the tourism industry greatly depends on the political changes that affects
the economic conditions of the economy. If there is political instability in the economy no one
would like to visit that place as there will be no safety and security at the places for the tourist
who will be visiting that place. There are many countries in the world where the tourism sector is
greatly affected by the conditions of the political situations in the economy even if the countries
have the potential to destination for the achievement of the growth of the tourism sector.
Example Burma is under the monopoly of the military general Than Shwe. The country is one of
the most developing countries of the Asian region. The country has a good temperate climate and
the geographical locations in the region. It has different social features and thus it can offer
different locations and destinations in the economy. There is a great tensions between the
military government and the biggest countries of the world like the USA and UK that results are
in improper development of the country in terms of the tourism sector and the economic sector of
the economy.(Han, H. and Hyun, S.S., 2015)
In a different ways the political changes that are implemented in the economy can have a
good outcomes in the travel and the tourism sector of the economy. Example of UK at the times
of the elections the value of the currency decreases as a result of the breakdown in the structure
of the economy and the overall changes in the system of economy. This situation gives a changes
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to the people of the other countries to have a visit to UK because it can be cheaper to visit UK at
that time than visiting the same place at any other times. The changes in the structures and the
policies has a great impact on the tourism sector as due to the political conditions people does
not want to travel as they do not feel safe to travel in that particular situations there can be
sometimes fighting due to the political instability in the economy.
TASK 3
3.1 Factors Affecting Tourism Demand
There are different factors that affect the demand of the tourist when they visit different
places of their destination or country. The factors that affect the demands are classified into
different categories like the Economic and the political crises in the economy, changes in the
demographics and the technological changes in the economy. Changes in the demands of the
customers can also be classified as an essential factor that affects the demand.
 The disposable income of the tourist determines the demands of the tourist that
relates to the individual economic situations and the motivation level of the tourist
that leads them in travelling to different places.(Hsieh, H.J. and Kung, S.F., 2013)
The factors about the place that the tourist are going to visit depends upon the
demographic location of the place, the level of educated people in that region,
population that leads to crowed place and the lifestyle of the people residing in
that region. The political conditions in the economy also affects the demands by
the tourist because the tourist don't want to visit those places where there are wars
and strikes in the economy.
 There are lot of changes that are demanded by the tourist in the industry likewise
there are certain factors that are to be changed in order to fulfil the demands of the
tourist so as to the number of the tourist coming to visit the places does not
decrease. If more tourist will be visiting the place than it need more
accommodation for the people by building up more hotels and resorts, restaurant
and catering facilities for the people. Considering all these points than there have
to be development in the transportation sector so that people does not have any
difficulty while they are travelling.(Mok, C., Sparks, B. and Kadampully, J.,
2013)
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 When the destination comes under the international attraction the tour operators
that are at the national and the international level will develop new holiday
packages for the tourist so as to fulfil the demands that are emerging in the
market. The government and the public sector will have to plans the policies for
the sustainability of the tourism sector by keeping in mind the natural resources of
the economy that are to be conserved for the future use and the historical sites at
the location. Theses all have to be taken care so as the massive population that are
visiting the place protects the environment so as to have a healthy and a long
lasting impact on the environment.
3.2 Supply has Changed to Meet the Effects of Demand
The tourism supply are the results of those activities that are involved in the providing the
goods and the services that are required to meet the demands of the customers which are
expressed in the tourism consumption. The supply of tourism is often overlooked as the activities
of the tourism are mainly focusing on the demands of the tourist industry.
Components of Tourism Supply
Natural Resources and Environment: The natural resources and the type of the
environment plays a vital role in the tourism industry. The distinctive types of the natural
resources can be a centre of attraction for the tourist the land air and the soil also plays an
important role in determining the tourist sector. ( Moutinho, L. ed., 2011.)The water bodies at the
places, the fertility of the soil, the natural beauty and the water supply are an essential elements
of the tourist industry.
Built Environment: The material things that are available on the region of the tourist
attracted places are described as built environment. The overall environment can be divided in
two form like the infrastructure and the infrastructure form. The elements of the infrastructure
includes electric and the gas lines, water supply in economy, sewage disposable and the
communication networks. The super infrastructure includes airports, parking, restaurant,
museums, shopping centres, resorts and motels.
Operating Sector: The operating sector includes all those systems that are used in the
operation process for tourism sector like the transportation and the accommodation facilities for
the tourist, attractive places and the food services for the tourist. The operational activities are
the heart of the travel and the tourism sector.( Park, J. and Oh, I.K., 2012) Without the sufficient
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and efficient supply of the operational activities the activities of the tourism sector can fall into a
great loss and thus affecting the overall activities of the tourism sector.
Spirit of Hospitality and Cultural Resources: The social foundation of the different
aspects like the culture, religion, customs, work culture, language and the leisure behaviour of
the tourist. The hospitality and the cultural resources are an integral part to the offerings of the
tourism sector. The tourism activities are operating in the economy due to wealth and cultural
resources of the economy. The behaviour of the people who are the local residence of that region
should behave in a friendly manner with the tourist who are coming from outside the country.
The concept of the supply chain in tourism has emerged from economics. It is used to
explain how different businesses comes in contract relationship with the service providers, the
products and the goods available and how these goods are linked to different products that are at
the different points in the supply chain process. ( Sheldon, P.J. and Park, S.Y., 2011)
TASK 4
4.1 The Economic, Environmental and Social Impact on Tourism
The tourism sector is developing constant and thus its has advantages and the
disadvantages that impact the local population and the destination area. The tourism sector opens
new opportunity for the small and the large business operations and thus creates employment for
the people and this employment opportunity can help the economy to grow and to become rich.
When a city is developed the education level and the lifestyle of the people automatically
develops in the economy. The increase in the income of the host country will help in importing
more products from the host country. When the products are imported from the foreign countries
in bulk quantity than it is termed as drawback of leakages. In order to minimise the imports from
the foreign countries the government must encourage the people to produce the products in the
domestic country. This plans helps in the development of the tourism and other sector with the
help of the money that are generated from the tourism.(Sigala, M., Christou, E. and Gretzel, U.
eds., 2012.)
The environmental issues are evolving in the tourism sector worldwide. The negative
aspects that came into the picture are the impacts of the pollution like the air, water and the noise
pollution. The tourist who are coming to visit the places makes the places crowded and more
congested. The depletion of the natural resources like the flora and the fauna in the environment
and the historical sites are also affected by the tourist activities. The carbon dioxide that the
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people exhale at the respiratory process will affect the wall paintings and the archaeological sites
of the economy. To remove these negative aspects the appropriate way is to encourage the
people to educate themselves about the environment and engage themselves in the environmental
projects. There will be some negative impact on the environment as long as the tourism sector
will run its activities but theses can be reduced with the help of the people of the concerned
society.
There are positive impact of the tourism sector in mass tourism which can be called as the
advantage of the tourisms sector. By the way of the mass communication the the people of the
host community and the tourist can be communicated about the positive impact of the
environment on the environment and encourage the people to indulge themselves in the activities
that are environmental friendly and that provides benefits to the people of the community. The
higher authorities and the government will plan new schemes for the protection of the
environment and the preservation and the conservation of the historical sites.
When the different kind of tourist are visiting from the different places they not only
brings the purchasing power from the host country but they also bring different behaviour and
these behaviour can transform the local habits of the people by removing and setting the basic
and the long lasting objectives and the norms of the population of the host country. This is also
termed as the cultural pollution and the significance for the people of the host country which is
attractive to the tourist will diminish.(Tsai, C.H. and Chen, C.W., 2011) There will be uneven
distribution of the goods and the services ion the economy between the local residents and the
tourist and as the outcome the tourist becomes the priority in the industry.
The result of all this comes into the picture that the people of the host country came to
know about the different cultures and the different type of people while they all are residing at
one place. This improves the relationship between the host and the local people in that
community. As the tourism sector is developing the government has to take steps to fulfil the
desired needs and the demands of the people and to develop different amenities. It will be a
positive point for the local people as they will be getting the benefits of the higher expectations
of living and the facilities for them will also improve. (Moutinho, L. ed., 2011.)There will be a
greater chance that the people around the world will come to know about the different aspects of
the festivals, culture and the traditions that are followed in the host country.
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4.2 Strategies to Minimise the Negative Impact and Maximising the positive Impact
The positive impacts of the travel and tourism that can be maximised are as follows
The tourism will always carry positive aspects and the benefits to the destination at which
they are travelling.
The tourism development goals should be spread in the organisation so as to spread the
positive benefits in the society through the local residents of that community.
The visitors retention is an important aspect as it helps in the spreading the positive
message about the destination and thus in turn creating the positive image of the community.
The access to the different facilities including the services for the accommodation
purpose.
Investing and spending the income of the tourist in the public projects that will benefit
the tourism sector.
The tourism sector should provide training to the staff members so that they can motivate
the people for the travel packages.
Educating the peoples about the tourism industry and the safety of the people at the
journey till the final destination.(Moutinho, L. ed., 2011)
The negative impact of the travel and tourism industry that can be minimised are
The tourist who are visiting the places should not harm the natural resources of the region
they should not destroy the beauty of the place.
They should not pollute the water bodies by dumping the waste material in the water
bodies. The water bodies should be taken care because they attract the tourist to come and visit
the places.
They should not pollute the environment by eliminating the harmful gases in the
environment and that harm the pollutants in the environment.
The flora and the fauna of the economy should be taken care so as to preserve the natural
home of the wildlife of the community.
To preserve the natural beauty of the environment the people should be educated about
the positive fruits that the environment can create.
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