Comprehensive Report: Travel and Tourism Sector Development

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of the travel and tourism sector. It begins with an introduction to the industry, defining tourism and outlining the report's objectives. Task 1 explores the history of travel and tourism, from early nomadic travels to the development of modern tourism, including the impact of transportation advancements, economic factors, and the evolution of tourism practices. Task 2 delves into the interrelationships and influence of various bodies on the sector, examines the impact of local and national economic policies, and analyzes the implications of political changes in different countries. Task 3 investigates factors affecting demand in the industry, including the impact of supply in special interest tourism. Task 4 discusses the positive and negative impacts of travel and tourism, and explores strategies for minimizing negative impacts while maximizing positive ones. The report utilizes illustrations and figures to support its findings, providing a well-structured overview of the travel and tourism sector's development, structure, and impact.

TRAVEL AND
TOURISM SECTOR
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................4
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................4
1.1 History of travel and tourism. Elements supporting in modern day development...........4
1.2 Breakdown structure of travel and tourism sector............................................................7
TASK 2..........................................................................................................................................10
2.1 Interrelationships and influence of various bodies on travel and tourism sector...........10
2.2 impact of local and national economic policies on travel and tourism sector................12
2.3 Implications of political changes in different countries on travel and tourism sector....13
TASK 3..........................................................................................................................................15
3.1 Various factors affecting the demand in the industry.....................................................15
3.2 The impact of supply in special interest tourism on the demand in the sector...............16
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................17
4.1 Positive and Negative impact of travel and tourism.......................................................17
4.2 Minimizing the negative impact and maximizing positive ones....................................18
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................19
.............................................................................................................................................19
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................20
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LIST OF FIGURES
Illustration Index
Illustration 1: Pilgrimages................................................................................................................5
Illustration 2: Business travel ..........................................................................................................6
Illustration 3: Grand tours................................................................................................................6
Illustration 4: Transportation...........................................................................................................7
Illustration 5: Industrialization ........................................................................................................7
Illustration 6: Structure of tourism industry.....................................................................................8
Illustration 7: market division for the industry................................................................................9
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INTRODUCTION
Tour means the activity of traveling of tourist or travelers, where tourism includes all the
activity which is directly or indirectly related to operate the tour (Sharpley, 2006). The present
report focuses on developing an effective understanding about the industry norms and its system
within various countries. Various bodies influences the profitability of the industry highly within
countries (Middleton and et.al., 2009). It aims to build the understanding about the development
of travel and tourism, its impact and different level of integration for services which makes the
industry profitable and helps in overall growth of the country.
TASK 1
1.1
By the early 21st century international tourism has become one of the world's most crucial
economic activities. The industry thus has developed an unique interest in its development and
growth within ages (Tourism today, 2014). The major factors that has helped the growth of the
sector consists of social, cultural, economic and technological changes within the market. These
factors helped the operators in creating effective integration within various parts and stake
holders. The resources that help an individual in developing the need of tour are time, money
health, transport and safety (Blanke and Chiesa, 2013).
Tourism history
(Source: 1920s Travel. The World Suddenly Became Smaller. 2012)
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Illustration 1: Pilgrimages

Early tourism started with Nomads who traveled around the world in search of food and
shelter. These travelers gathered food, traded around the world and gave rise to the barter system.
1500 BC is marked as the era when the Europeans visited pyramids and thus developed the
tourism for pilgrimage. Religious curiosity enhances this within the economy (Visit Britain.
2015). Tourism history entails a detailed that traveling outside the local area was considered to
be wealthy class's task. Learning languages, cultural aspects and traveling challenges restricted
travel and tourism in early ages. Business travel was yet another crucial factor that helped
tourism to grow within the economy. Merchants from various countries developed the tourism
sector later in order to create an effective growth within the industry. In 14 century Christopher
Columbus sailed westward. Vasco da Gama sailed to India to earn money. Thus business travel
has always been the integral part of tourism industry. This developed the business travel within
the world where merchants developed the coins and currencies to carry on trade around the
world. The trades then were carried on ships in order to develop the trade relations all over the
world.
(Source: 1920s Travel. The World Suddenly Became Smaller. 2012)
The modern tourism today have been shaped and developed from the era of 18th century.
This is the remarkable era which shaped up the major source of tourism within the countries. Modern day tourism- It has been started from 16-18 century. It is an effective way of
tour package that involves different events and activities which involves pay that attracts
5
Illustration 2: Business travel

consumers to visit different destination. It influences the modern day tourism as it assists
in providing a broad platform for enhancing the tour and travel industry. An early form of
modern tourism was the grand tour, which was a traditional trip
around Europe undertaken by young nobles between the 16th and 18th centuries. Money,
trade and civilization developed the industry and enhanced the structure of tourism. This
helped in creating a broad platform for social graces, art culture, education etc. Steamer- It has been introduced in 1831 and thus provides a different experience to
travelers in order to travel through ships. Thus, it influences the tourists and provide them
best experience. Railways- new age revolution- Later, developing railways as a mode of transport in 1820
creates a new age revolution and provides travelers to easily travel around the world.
Thus, it influences on the industry in the form of increasing tourists and attracting them to
travel through railways. Development of railways in 1820 a new picture to the tourism
industry. Urbanization and attractiveness of country side grabbed the interest of travelers
in hope of making wealth and developing technology and finding work. This era gave
rise to huge travelers and thus shaped the economy within different countries (1920s
Travel. The World Suddenly Became Smaller, 2012). Railways and transportation
developed in this age and thus tourism was easy and quick. Money, trade and civilization
developed the industry and enhanced the structure of tourism. In 16th century many
civilizations visited various countries for the purpose of pilgrimage and other factors
which was defined as grand tour. These tours were organized for the upper class people
and indulged the facilities of travel and transpiration. Opening of Suez canal- It has started in 1869, that allows ships to go through the
Mediterranean to the far east instead of visiting South Africa. Thus, it assists in reducing
the traveling time by several days. It influences tourists to adopt such way of traveling
and save cost as well as time. Eurostar- It has been started in 1994 and thus allows tourists to go from center of
London to the center of Paris or Brussels. It also assists in saving time in order to travel
between the cities.
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 Air travel- It is started in the years 1992 and thus became the most popular form of
traveling. Most consumers chose such methods as it helps in influencing consumers to
easily reach the destination.
 In the context of the history of tourism, the term "introductory phase" refers to all the
developments, structures and innovations of modern tourism between the first third of the
19th century and around 1950. The starting phase lasted until 1915. This period observes
the up gradation in middle class and thus enhancing the sector. This developed its way
towards mass tourism. With gradual yet continuous development in the structure and
system of tourism the modern day tourism stands with the effective and highly efficient
system of accommodation, transportation and trade relations among people and countries.
By the 1980s several airlines were offering full travel services such as arrangements for
holidays, medical services, hiring car, etc.
 The next phase developed the sector and reduced the cost of tourism within the world
which increased the interest of travelers from around the world. Thomas cook invaded the
well established structure of planning and arranging the tourism facilities. The
development of tourism in the 20th century can be divided using a number of different
periodisations. It is common, and plausible, to identify a "developmental phase" between
1915 and 1945. This played a significant role in enhancing travel and tourism around the
world. The development of transportation such as railways, airways etc was developed in
this era which developed a significant impact on business development.
 The innovative development of the system pioneered the family tourism and developed
the sector for personal leisure and peace. The last phase embraces the developments in
tourism during the post-war period up to the present. The innovation, renovations,
development in infrastructure, government policies and social and cultural factors etc are
the major factors that has helped the sector in developing as a whole.
16th to 18th century: Grand tour
1831: Steam ship
1869: Suez canal opening
1920: Steam engine
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1930: Holiday camps
1820: Railways
1960: Modern tour packages
1992: Jet airways
1.2
Modern tourism has developed an effective system which helped in creating the structure
within the economy (Kilkenny, 2009). Tourism helps the country in inflow of foreign current
thus creating an effective impact on the development of current society.
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(Source: Self attempted)
The above figure represents the clear description of various players in the tourism
industry. It has developed a well structured system of working within the economy in order to
generate high income for the country. The key players of tourism industry in Britain are: Transportation: This is the major factor that has enhanced the travel and tourism within
the economy. Transportation brings mobility and thus facilitated the sector. Various
sources of travel and tourism has helped the sector in effectively establishing within the
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Illustration 3: Travel and tourism sector

sector. Airways, railways, buses, taxis, cars etc are the major sources that helps tourists to
visit new places within various nations of the world. Accommodation: The services of the industry regards the accommodation as the critical
success factor for the country. The tours and travels invites guests for the stay in the
country and explore the country to archive the objective. To achieve the objective
accommodation plays a very significant role (Liu and Wall, 2006). Hotels, villas and
apartments are some options for the same. This factors bring huge business within the
country. Tour-operator: The people, groups or firm that deliver products of travel and tourism to
the consumers. These are the major resources of the company who develop the plan and
organizes the tour on a small or large scale. These includes business and leisure travel
agents (Hall, 2011). The distributors are indulged with the people for direct or indirect
selling. These includes in internet, traveling agents etc. Travel agents: These are the individual companies who work around the world to
increase the demand for the sector. The agencies work to create new business prospects
for the country. It helps in promoting regions of UK to oversea and local audience to
educate people about the availability of the options. Attractions: These factors helps in developing various measures that attracts increased
tourism within the sector. These may include personal factors, social factors, cultural
factors etc. Natural history, modern technology, natural beauty, cultural heritage etc are
the major attractive on that attracts people all over the world. These factors has developed
medical tourism, cultural tourism, Eco-tourism etc. Entertainment:Entertainment is the very crucial factor that helps in developing the sector
efficiently within the society. Lack of entertainment may lead to low growth in the sector.
The sources of entertainment within the sector are adventure sports, historical visits,
cultural drives, mountaineering, heritage travel etc. For example Australia has developed
water sports and reef diving as the major source of entertainment which helped the
country in attracting huge travelers. Support services: This factor helps in providing the value for the services. The
development of venue and organizing the event helps in developing the valuable services
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within the country. Sponsorship plays a significant role for the same. Companies often
provide financial help for promotion and advertisement among the travelers and foreign
guests.
 Food and service: Food and accommodation are few crucial sources of tourism sector.
Food is the major essence of entertainment and helps in developing the sector. Effective
food services may help in developing the sector effectively within the economy.
(Source: Pforr, 2006)
TASK 2
2.1
The three major bodies that helps in developing the industry and creating the effective
growth within the industry includes the following:
World tourism organization
The United Nations World Tourism Organization is a regulatory body of united nation
which helps the country in development of tourism (Ayuso, 2007). It takes the major factors of
concern into consideration such as global development, sustainability and promotion of the
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Illustration 4: market division for the industry

destination for the growth and development of the country (Cuccia and Rizzo, 2011). The focus
of the agency is to maximize the socioeconomic growth within the country thus creating n
effective impact on the system.
The regulatory body focuses on the following issues within the country:
 Developing global code of ethics for tourism industry
 Minimizing the negative impact of various factors within the country
 Maximizing the socioeconomic growth of the country
 Generating employment opportunities thus reducing poverty within the country
 Generating market knowledge to promote and increase the competitiveness of the
country and the sector
UNWTO has developed various projects and plans to in over 100 countries for the
development of technical skills of the country and developing high competitive standards for the
industry. Its helps in managing and regulating the industry with prospective sources of
development. This department interrelated its activities within the sector to help the economy in
developing to enhance the structure. WTO lays the policies and ethical code of conduct for the
tour operators within the country. This helps them in developing an effective understanding
about the sector and develops the plans and trips as per the policies and regulations laid. This
department majorly deals with the domestic operations of the country.
The department of media culture and sports
Department of culture media and sports, England helps the country in developing the
prospects of promotion and development of tourism within the country. It has the responsibility
of sports and culture within the country. This helps in creating effective measures of tourism in
the country (Lee and Chang, 2008). The department helps the country in developing effective
relations with other countries thus creating the simple yet effective means of growth and
development. It has various responsibilities to promote and develop the cultural and heritage
value of the country in order to enhance the new and effective prospects for development. Thus,
the policies regarding these are laid:
 Policies of telecommunication and internet
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 Developing historic environment within the country
 Developing policies of handling and managing of architecture and design
 Policies for licensing of alcohol and entertainment
 Gambling and racing policies
 Press freedom and regulations
 Sports events development and management
This department interrelate its activities with various tour industries and heritage
resources of the country. This department helps in creating an effective and attractive image of
the country to attract maximum tourism. The activities of the Tourism sector of the country is
enhanced by the same as it helps in developing the major policies and regulation related to
developing tourism within the country.
Visit Britain
Visit Britain is the official name provided to the tourist board of Great Britain. The
authority is incorporated under the development of tourism act 1969. It was created in 2003 for
the purpose of marketing England to increase the traffic of tourism within the country (Dodds
and Kelman, 2008). It helps the country in increasing its competitiveness and developing the
efficiency as compared to other countries of the world. The development and efficiency of the
industry solely depends on the level of promotion and marketing. Thus, it helps in providing
England with the competitive strength to fight back the global rivalry within the industry. This
department helps in managing the UK tour offices overseas to create an effective impression and
development within the country. This helps in the integration of activities thus developing a
positive image of the country. The major focus of the authority is to create and develop:
 Working as a national tourism agency
 Raising Britain's profile worldwide
 Increasing the value of tourism and sports
 Grow value of inbound tourism within the country
 Wide with wide range of partners all over the world
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 Developing the competitive image of the country
UNWTO lays the foundational measures for the country and creates the code of conduct
which will help the country in creating a distinctive measure of working within the economy.
The regulatory body majority focuses on the external factors of growth and development. It
provides the company with developing the competitive edge in the market. The DCMS lays the
policies and regulatory framework for the country. Various policies and procedures helps the
country in creating the impact of working within the industry. The government policies helps in
shaping the tourism sector (Liu, Tzeng and Lee, 2012).
2.2
The local and national contribution of the country helps efficiently in the development
and growth of the sector (Dwyer and et.al., 2009). The local policies focus on developing the
region by creating efficient impact and growth strategies. The impact of these policies may lead
to the following: Overall economic growth: The economic development of the country depends on the
effective integration of policies and procedures within the sector. The policies for local
development within the company helps in creating the effective impact on the overall
growth of the country. This provides the country with high prospects for growth and
development of the country. The rural and urban tourism are developed by the same. For
example the development of transportation facilities within the country may help in
developing the wide prospect for tourism in the region as well. Sponsorship and funding: The sponsorship and funding are planned to develop the
country. These helps in fetching the advantage of government aids in every part of the
country thus creating the better and effective growth opportunities within the market and
helping in the promotion of tourism sector. For example the tourism training sponsorship
has helped wide opportunities for young talents to polish their capabilities and grow in
the field of tourism. Funding options within the country are created to develop the
industry. However, this creates the hindrance for the same. The funds and loans withing
the sector have various restriction which regulates the business activities. The cost
volume of business and stability factors varies for the industry. The development of these
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factors helps in generating the new and effective opportunities for the businesses and
country to flourish.
 Economic policies: The economic policies of the country deals with the taxation policies
which helps in regulating the flow of funds and purchasing power of the individual.
However, these policies have direct and indirect impact on the tourism sector as well. The
taxation policies helps the domestic industries in developing the sources of funds thus
helping in the development of the country and its services. The airport taxes for example
helps in creating an effective impact on the funding of domestic services. This helps the
country in managing the funds to develop the airport services. The services tax hospitality
and food services create an indirect source of funds for the country thus create a
favorable impact on the development of the income of the country.
2.3
Political factors are very significant part of the travel and tourism industry. The policies
laid by the government helps in developing the prospects of various types of tourism (Mayor and
Tol, 2007). The political instability creates a negative impact on the travelers as that may pose
the risk of regional unrest and high level of chaos and confusions. There are some efficient
examples in the market which has created high impact on the overall tourism sector.
Case scenario 1 : China
Political change leads to reformation of policies and procedures within the economy. The
government of China has revived the policies regarding travel and tourism recently which has
developed high prospects for growth within the country. The liberalization of the policies has
helped the country in creating the effective development aspects within the country (Choi and
Sirakaya, 2006). The country has high cultural and heritage value thus the country now has faced
the major source of earning from the tourism sector. Thus, it has helped the country in
developing and reforming entirely. China has thus developed its tourism sector such that it has
become the leading source of income for the country. The changes in policies helped in the
domestic development of the sector. The source of income, employment rate, disposable income
etc all effected in favor of the country.
Case scenario 2 : Ukraine
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The policies development has created a significant impact on tour operations in the
nation. Policies regarding liberal visa for the country has enhanced growth and development in
the nation. Political change may sometimes bring the negative impact in the working of the
country within the economy. The enticement unrest affect the overall working and development
of the country. The Ukraine crises lead to heavy internal disturbance which resulted in riots and
domestic unrest. Moreover the takeover by Crimea Russia which has a significant global power
has also created a significant impact on the development and growth of the nation. This resulted
in slowing down the tourism within the country. The threatening impacts of domestic violence
has created a highly negative impact on people thus the tourism sectors has heavily suffered the
implications.
Case scenario 3 : Srilanka
The political policies have effective impact on the growth and development of the
country. The travel and tourism sector focuses on developing the new plans for destination
tourism. This helps the country in developing the effective measures to grow within the
economy. The policies of many countries focuses on creating an effective source of income
through tourism and thus has created favorable policies for the same. The new policies for
development and funding mey help in developing the country as happened in Srilanka.
The end of civil war in Srilanka has helped the country in developing the effective laws
and regulatory bodies. The country reformed the majority policy into proper system. This helped
the country in creating developing the tourism sector by developing effective relations with the
outside world (Ashley, and et.al., 2007). The regulatory bodies and authorities of the country
helped in developing the country such that its is able to enjoy the high economic turnover by
developing efficient policies and regulations.
TASK 3
3.1
Tourism sector is highly affected by various factors within the economy. The marketing
and promotional factors have led in developing the demand for the country (Airey and Chong,
2010). Every country has now created the effective measure for global positioning of the country
in order to develop the tourism within the country. However various factors that affect the
demand within the economy are:
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 Political stability in the country: The political factors help in developing the policies on
the basis of which the industry flourish or subside within the economy (Sundbo, Orfila-
Sintes and Sørensen, 2007). The instability in government in Ukraine led to diminishing
results in the tourism sector. The threat of domestic riots has resulted in creating high
economic loss for the country. The stability in India has helped the country in growing
the industry highly thus developing the country in an efficient manner. Currency exchange rates: The currency exchange rates lays the policy of pricing for the
tourism industry. This plays a vital role in the development of tourism within the country.
The economic crises of 2009 resulted in high exchange rate for the Great British Pounds
which resulted in minimizing the tourism within the country. Currency exchange rate
provides the purchasing power to the travelers thus plays a significant role within the
industry. Demographic factors: The composition people within the country helps in creating the
impact on level of services within the-country (Cazcarro, Hoekstra and Chóliz, 2014).
The demographic factors have significant impact on developing tourism aspect in the
nation because it has helps the nation in developing a social base for travelers and
visitors. The country or region with high number of older people may result in low
integration of services. This may result in low destination tourism within the country. The
people will not be able to create the positive impact on the tourism industry.
 Environmentalism: The practices of sustainability restrict many activities within the
country (Cortes-Jimenez and Pulina, 2010). Enhancing awareness about environmental
policies and issues also creates a significant growth and development impact on people
and tourists. For example the environmental practices in Australia has encountered the
danger of environmental changes for reefs and corals thus the government has developed
strict regulations for water sports and tourism activities. This has effective impact in
creating increased demand by preserving the natural beauty of the country.
3.2
Special interest tourism Special interest tourism is defined as traveling with the primary
motivation of practicing or enjoying a special interest (Albaladejo-Pina and Díaz-Delfa, 2009).
This can include unusual hobbies, activities, themes or destinations, which tend to attract niche
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markets. The term ‘special interest tourism’ has traditionally been used for those forms of
tourism which focus on activities which attract a small number of highly dedicated visitors.
However, this sector has now helped the countries in creating a competitive edge within the
industry. In order to enhance growth and development of these tourism practices in the nation
countries need to adopt effective and well defined promotional measures to promote the attrction
point of the country. This will help in attracting special tour demands in the country. For
example coastal regions of Australia is ideal for adventure tours thus the country can position the
country for the same.
Supplying to the demands of special interests helps in creating a diverse image of the
country within the economy. Various countries has developed the niche tourism practices for the
promotion of the industry (Fons, Fierro and Patiño, 2011). This helps them in responding to the
post modern demands of the tourists thus creating high impact of development within the
country. Australia has developed the effective means of tourism for reef and coral tourism. The
geographical value of the country has developed the advantage of the factor to the country. This
has helped in meeting the demands of people highly and providing them services accordingly.
The similar example is that of festive tourism in Spain. The Tomatino festival and Bull
running event invited large spectators in the country and thus develops high demand for the
same. However, this helps the country in effective forecasting of seasonal demand and thus
arranging for accommodating and transportation facilities for the tourism (Spain’s Tourism
Industry Ranked the Most Friendly in the World, 2015). Thus, special interest demand helps the
industry in effective evaluation of the factors that may affect the demand of tourism and thus
may help in creating the proper facilities for the same.
TASK 4
4.1
Case 1 - Small village in Scottish highland after a winter sports complex is built on a near by
mountain
Positive impact
Economic
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Economically, building complex in a small village will create job opportunity, employment in
tourism industry (Dann and Liebman Parrinello, 2009). Travelers will love to go on mountain for
purchasing any product. When these people will spend money it will lead to multiplier effect.
Social
With reference to social impact, there will be improvement in infrastructure and the local
community will be more helpful. Interaction with tourist will benefit to local community.
Environmental
Environmentally, it will help in conservation of wildlife and natural resources.
Negative impact
Economic
Economically, building complex on mountain will cost high and the burden will arise on
government. With that they have to built medium roads for going to that complex.
Social
Socially, it will affect the village by crowding, congestion, drugs and alcohol problem and
increase crime level (Willis, 2011).
Environmental
Environmentally, tourism threat to natural and cultural resources of the village. It will cause
pollution through traffic emissions, littering etc.
Case 2 – Arrival of increasing number of ever-larger cruise ships in Venice
Positive impact
Social
Socially, it will improve the infrastructure and new leisure amenities resulted from tourism also
benefit the local community. It will raise global awareness of issues such as poverty and human
right abuses.
Economic
Economically; cruise ships will generate job opportunities for local people. It will provide
opportunities for small-scale enterprises by generating revenue from tourism.
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Environmental
Environmentally; tourism reduces problems such as over fishing and deforestation.
Negative impact
Social
Socially; there will arise crowding and congestion and affect the local community. Interaction
with tourists will lead to erosion of traditional culture and value.
Economic
Economically; money generated by tourism does not always benefit local community, sometime
it leaks out with huge international companies.
Environmental
Environmentally; it will cause to coral reefs and heritage sites, through overuse and increase
useless traffic in the state (De-qian, 2006).
Case 3 – For Yala National Park in Sri lanka suggest ways that impact on the natural
environment and wildlife can be minimized.
Positive impact
Tourism help in promoting conservation of wildlife and natural resources, such as rain forest, as
these are now regarded as tourism assets. It will help in generating fund for maintaining animal
preserves and marine parks. Tourism encourages preservation of traditional customs, handicrafts
and festival. By creating alternative sources of employment tourism reduces problems of over
fishing and deforestation.
Negative impact
Tourism is threat to cultural resources. It also cause pollution in the environment due to traffic.
Destination dependent on tourism are affected by events such as natural disasters, economic
recession and terrorism (Vasudevan, 2008).
4.2
Tourist destination works with the help of local community and other organization should
try to make tourism more sustainable.
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Case 1 - Small village in Scottish highland after a winter sports complex is built on a near by
mountain
Maximizing the positive impact Marketing and promotion: The Boom in the travel and tourism sector may lead to high
business opportunities within the sector. The effective marketing and promotion may
helps in maximizing sales within the industry and creating a positive growth impact. Developing the tourist attraction- It is essential for individual to enhance the attraction
of tourists for such destination and thus provide different ways to encourage them to visit
the destination. It can be done by promoting the place through different marketing tools
and thus enhance popularity in market.
Minimizing negative impact Enhancing infrastructural development: Tourist guide can set outdoor activities that
don't damage country side or harm wildlife of particular region (Morrison, Carlsen and
Weber, 2010). Local community, by using planning policies they can control the spread
of building in areas where development is not needed. Encourage visitors to leave their
vehicles behind and use greener travel like boats, buses, trains etc.
 Developing rural sector:They can use small-scale renewable energy schemes like solar
panels, wood chip boilers. This would possible only when local government will grant
fund and plan some new policies to that (Prabhakaran, Arulraj and Rajgopal, 2008).
They can encourage visitors to buy local products for home decors.
Case 2 – Arrival of increasing number of ever-larger cruise ships in Venice
Maximizing the positive impact Enhancing economic policies: The taxation and other funding policies of the
government may be enhanced to create new opportunities within the sector. This will
help the country in developing various sources of income and funding. Increasing number of job: Here, government of Venice should create jobs for local
people and provide them opportunities for developing businesses and enhance tourism in
the country. Creating jobs helps in providing better living conditions to the residents of
country and thus attain desired results.
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Minimizing negative impact
 Environmental Awareness: Here, Venice could limit upon the entry of number of ships
in Venice on daily basis because of affecting environment. Thus, it is essential for
government to impose certain regulatory actions and thus minimize the entry of number
of cruise ships so that environmental protection can be maintained. They can run green
business schemes so that it will encourage business to recycle, conserve water, reduce
energy and be sustainable. Show traveler how they can be liable tourist with events,
brochure, information centers, signs and websites, guided walks and events. Moreover,
developing the environmental awareness is an effective measure of developing the
country and tourism sector by saving the economy and cultures.
Case 3 – For Yala National Park in Sri lanka suggest ways that impact on the natural
environment and wildlife can be minimized.
Maximizing the positive impact Generating employment opportunities: Travel and tourism sector has helped the country
in creating an effective impact on the employment opportunities within the society. This
has helped the country in generating the sources of income and development of people.
The training and development within the sector may help in enhancing the employment
opportunities for people this may help in developing both country as well as the industry.
Minimizing negative impact
 Restricting visitors' entry: The organization can restrict the number of visitors per day in
the park to minimize the adverse impact an on natural environment and wild life as well.
Moreover, restricting entry without guide is another critical factor which may help in
enhancing environmental awareness and safety within the organization.
CONCLUSION
From the above report we can conclude that travel and tourism industry has broad
environment which include different sectors for the development and tourism itself. This
assignment highlights the history of travel and tourism sector and how it influence local and
national government of a particular country. Further, it also discuss about the impact of political,
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social and environmental aspects of tourism and the positive and negative impact on tourism
sector. We can say that tourism as the revenue generating unit for any country. Through this
country earn revenue and generates income for tourist guides.
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REFERENCES
Books and journals
Airey, D. and Chong, K., 2010. National policy-makers for tourism in China.Annals of tourism
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