7307MED Health Economics: Treatment Proposal Evaluation Report

This report presents an analysis of two treatment proposals for lymphoma: nano-surgery technology and a phage laboratory for serum treatment. The report critically evaluates each proposal, considering factors such as cost-effectiveness and cost-utility. Ultimately, the report recommends nano-surgery technology for lymphoma treatment, justifying its selection based on its potential for targeted therapy, enhanced therapeutic effectiveness, and reduced risk to patients. The report provides an overview of nano-surgery, explaining its use of laser beams and optical tweezers for precise cellular manipulation. It also clarifies the concepts of cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analysis, which were crucial in the decision-making process. The analysis references several sources to support the findings and recommendations. This assignment, contributed by a student, offers valuable insights into health economics and decision-making in healthcare.

HEALTH ECONOMICS

Summary
 The paper required choosing the most suitable
proposal.
 First, Nano-surgery technology for treatment of
lymphoma (submitted to you by Dr Debbie Diddler,
Clinical Director, Speciality and Procedural Services).
 Second, Phage Laboratory for serums for individual
patient treatment with leukemia (submitted to you by
Dr William Wart, Clinical Director, Cancer and Support
Services).
 Chosen Proposal- Nano-surgery technology for
treatment of lymphoma.
 Factors affecting decision- Cost –Effectiveness
Analysis and Cost –Utility Analysis.

Nano-surgery technology for
treatment of lymphoma
 Nanotechnology provides the means for targeting
chemotherapies selectively and directly to cancerous
cells and neoplasm
 Assists during surgical resection of tumours
 Enhances the therapeutic effectiveness of radiation-
grounded and other prevailing treatment modalities.
 Adds to a declined threat to the patient along with
an augmented chance of existence.
 The reasonably huge surface area of nanoparticle
could be operationalized with ligands, taking in small
molecules, RNA or DNA strands, peptides, antibodies
or aptamers.

Phage Laboratory for serums for individual
patient treatment with leukemia
 Phage display have revealed strong ability for
recognizing affinity proteins reagents, nucleic acids,
whole cells, inorganic materials and lastly, tissues.
 The cell-particular peptides chosen from phage
exhibition are regarded as being improved ligands
in contrast to conventionally adopted antibodies
because of their lesser cost, higher cell uptake and
lastly, lesser likelihood for causing immune reaction.
 Additionally, when employing phage display
approach for the purpose of peptide selection
previous information about the cell surface isn’t
essential.

Chosen Proposal
 Taking into consideration the provided
case, it is highly suggested that Nano-
surgery technology for treatment of
lymphoma would prove to be more
effective.

Overview
 Nano-surgery implies towards surgery
using speedy laser beams, focused
through an objective microscope lens.
 Enables for the damage of a single cell
that to without disturbing neighbouring
healthy cells.
 Enables detailed ablation of subcellular
and cellular structures.

Overview
 Nano-surgery makes use of optical
tweezers, which include beams of laser
light.
 Narrowest laser beam point holds a robust
electric field gradient at the center,
 Optical tweezers could be easily applied to
biological substructures like cell nuclei as
well as chromosomes.
 Optical tweezers make possible superior
precision at the time of surgery.

Cost –Effectiveness
Analysis
 Implies towards an assessment in which the
results are one-dimensional.
 Adopted within health economics for
comparing the financial costs associated
with therapies whose results could be
computed purely based upon health effect.
 One could compare the usage of nano-
technology for treatment of lymphoma with
other possible treatments by observing the
costs per every patient relieved from
symptoms for every therapy.

Cost-Utility Analysis
 Related with cost-effectiveness analysis
where there prevails a clear result as well
as the cost for achieving that result is
computed in terms of money.
 Result is computed with respect to
survival and QoL (for example, using
QALYs).
 Cost–utility analysis could, in concept,
relate courses of action within diverse
spheres of medicine.

 Alastair, M., Gray, P. M., Clarke, J. W. and Sarah, W. (2010). Applied Methods
of Cost-effectiveness Analysis in Healthcare, Oxford University Press.
 Drummond, M. F. (2005). Methods for the Economic Evaluation of Health
Care Programmes. Oxford University Press
 Ernest, H. and Rahul, S. (2005). Impact of nanotechnology on biomedical
sciences: Review of current concepts on convergence of nanotechnology
with biology. Online J Nanotechnology, 10, 224–6.
 Jain, P., Jain, S., Yadav, R. R., Singh, A. J. and Butola, V. (2012).
Nanotechnology: Future prospects in veterinary surgery. J RVC. 51, 64–81.
 Phelps, C. E. (2003). Health Economics (3rd ed.). Boston: Addison Wesley,
 Sahoo, S. K. (2005). Applications of nanomedicine. Asia Pacific Biotech
News, 9, 1048–50.
 Scott, N. R. (2005). Nanotechnology and animal health. Rev Sci Tech., 24,
425–32.
 Yanik, M. F., Cinar, H. N., Chisholm, A. D., Jin, Y. and Ben-Yakar A. (2004).
Neurosurgery: Functional regeneration after laser axotomy. Nature, 432,
822–9.