Tumor Markers: CA 125 and its role in Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment

This report examines the significance of tumor markers, with a particular focus on CA 125. It explains how CA 125 is used to detect, diagnose, and monitor the effectiveness of cancer treatments, particularly in cases of ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, and endometrial cancer. The report highlights the use of CA 125 in screening, monitoring treatment efficacy, and distinguishing between ovarian tumors and early-stage ovarian cancer. It also references relevant research and studies to support the information provided, emphasizing the importance of CA 125 as a valuable tool in cancer management. The report includes references to scientific articles and research papers related to the topic, offering a comprehensive overview of the subject matter.

Running head: TUMOR MARKERS
TUMOUR MARKERS
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1TUMOR MARKERS
About Tumour Marker and Its Uses
Tumour markers that are protein in nature are the products of the cancer cells or the
response of the body to the cancer cells and it is mostly found in the urine or blood of a person
who is suffering from cancer. The tumour markers play important role in order to detect,
diagnose and ensure the effectiveness of the treatment process related to cancer (Gion et al.,
2016).
One of such tumour markers is CA 125. The tumour marker is found in the patient with
ovarian cancer even after the treatment. Approx in 90% patient with ovarian cancer the
presence of CA 125 is found. The tumour is also found in case of pancreatic and endometrial
cancer. Doctors recommend CA 125 test in case having a family history of BRCA 1 or BRCA 2
gene mutation or sometimes recommend the combined test with transvaginal ultrasound for
the patient with high risk. The CA 125 could be used in screening test to measure the protein CA
125 in the blood of the patient. Such screening process needs to be done accurately as the CA
125 tumour marker could be found in some non-cancerous case such as menstruation and
uterine fibroids (Johari-Ahar et al., 2015). Another field where CA 125 could be used is the
process to ensure the effectiveness of the treatment process. The reduction in the number of
tumour markers indicates benefits of the treatment and assures the recovery of the patient and
the increase in the CA 125 level indicates the recurrence of the cancer even after the
treatment. Such situation could lead to additional round of chemotherapy in order to cure the
illness. CA 125 could be used in order to distinguish between ovarian tumour and stage 1

2TUMOR MARKERS
ovarian cancer (Kim et al., 2018). Due to such purpose the tumour markers become a
researchable topic in the recent days.

3TUMOR MARKERS
Reference:
Gion, M., Trevisiol, C., Rutjes, A. W., Rainato, G., & Fabricio, A. S. (2016). Circulating Tumor
Markers: A Guide to their Appropriate Clinical use: Comparative Summary of
Recommendations from Clinical Practice Guidelines (PART 1). The International journal
of biological markers, 31(4), 332-367.
Johari-Ahar, M., Rashidi, M. R., Barar, J., Aghaie, M., Mohammadnejad, D., Ramazani, A., ... &
Omidi, Y. (2015). An ultra-sensitive impedimetric immunosensor for detection of the
serum oncomarker CA-125 in ovarian cancer patients. Nanoscale, 7(8), 3768-3779.
Retrived from file:///C:/Users/User/Downloads/An_ultra-
sensitive_impedimetric_immunose%20(1).pdf
Kim, J. H., Park, J. Y., Kim, J. H., Kim, Y. M., Kim, Y. T., & Nam, J. H. (2018). The role of
preoperative serum cancer antigen 125 in malignant ovarian germ cell
tumors. Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 57(2), 236-240. Retrieved from
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1028455918300305