Type 2 Diabetes: Clinical Issues and Management Strategies

This report delves into the clinical issues surrounding Type 2 Diabetes, using a case study to highlight challenges such as diabetic ulcers, patient care, and the impact of unemployment and stress on the patient and their family. It explores both quantitative and qualitative research questions related to the disease, covering topics like prevalence, management strategies, patient self-monitoring, and the psychological impact of the condition. The report incorporates literature reviews from credible sources, including the Australian Diabetes Educator Association, to provide comprehensive information on the causes, diagnosis, and treatment of Type 2 Diabetes. It discusses the importance of lifestyle adjustments, medication, and wound care, emphasizing the chronic nature of the disease and the potential for complications like foot ulcers. The report concludes by summarizing the key clinical issues and reinforcing the importance of patient self-management and professional healthcare support.

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CLINICAL ISSUES
By
[NAME]
Institutional affiliation

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Clinical Issues from the case study
The most notable clinical issues from the ordeal include: violet who was suffering from type 2
diabetes, Osteoarthritis and lower left ulcer and needed medical attention. Her BSL’s being
attended and daily dressing. Unavailability of suitable placement for Violet left leg ulcer and
demanded a lot of care. Unemployment for Mathew which lead him to become alcoholic, for
losing his job. Stress and arguments with violet, Gemma's mother for not working and he
couldn't control his temper with the kids. Inadequate space for them all to fit in, a two-bedroom
house with a sick patient, forcing the kids to give up their bedroom for their grandmother to sleep
in the lounge room. Violet requires a lot of care and time from Gemma like nutrition diet, food
portion management, and support to move around and exercise since violet use walking frame
but Gemma is enrolled as a nurse working night shifts
Quantitative research questions about type two diabetes
(Houser, 2016) This research focuses on taking statistical data and applying them to elaborate a
logic or numeric concept. What is type two diabetes? Why is type two diabetes a deadly disease?
At what age and condition one is likely to have type two diabetes? What are the measures and
management of type two diabetes? How to determine self-monitoring practices, like blood
glucose and awareness to dietary management and barriers to diabetes medication adherence
among type two diabetes mellitus patients. What the percentage of people living with diabetes?
(Houser, 2016)What are the relations between perceiving dangers and exercise? What are the
possible therapy ways used to manage type two diabetes? This research will give knowledge

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about this type of diabetes, self-management, social and family support and illness believe. This
study will help to improve diabetes patient management, health care support and patients likely
to be affected.
Literature research
Type two diabetes is increasingly in adult but there is very little knowledge on what they need to
undertake diabetes self-management. A literature search conducted to educate and give the
information needed for type two diabetes patients. The result shows people with type two
diabetes wants clear, consistent information from credible sources, delivered in a range of
formats. Psychological support, a lot of exercises and age-specific group. Suggested percentage
of people suffering from type two diabetes is 8% of the population aged 25 years and older
(Organization, 2016). Prevalence of type two diabetes increases with age, most of the young
people are most affected, to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with diabetes self-care
is the most essential thing to do. People suffering from this disease need information new
development in diabetes, like exercise, alcohol and other illicit drugs, medication and diabetes-
related complications like lower left ulcers that not healing in our case. A literature review from
the Australian diabetes educator association.
Relevant material from literature
Type two diabetes it's a chronic condition that affects anabolism of glucose manufacture which is
the most important source of fuel in the body. Type two diabetes makes the body to fail to
produce enough insulin that maintains the normal glucose level (Health, 2014). It's

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recommended for routine screening for type 2 diabetes for overweight people, people over
45years, people with a family history of type two diabetes and poor sedentary lifestyles An A1C
normal level is between 5.7%- 6.4% if the per cent is higher means the availability of diabetes.
A1C levels should be checked two-four times in a year. An AIC test should be done regularly to
update the sugar level in the blood. After the A1C test is advisable to check other conditions like
cholesterol levels, the function of the kidney, liver functioning, thyroid function through blood
and urine sample and also blood pressure measurement. It's recommended for routine screening
for type 2 diabetes for overweight people, people over 45years, people with a family history of
type two diabetes and poor sedentary lifestyles. Type two diabetes is manageable through the
following ways: Regular exercising this is physical activities like walking, biking and swimming,
diet management and controlling of food portion helps in cutting off the weight helps in
stabilizing blood sugar in the blood. Also, healthy eating this includes monitoring carbohydrates
intake and taking food rich with fibre and fruits and vegetables, few calories monitoring
carbohydrate intake and saturated fats etc. blood sugar monitoring this includes checking and
monitoring blood sugar level to make sure blood sugar remains within the target.
Qualitative research question on type two diabetes
This type of research is an open-ended process done to explore the lifestyle of the patients
suffering from type two diabetes, identify the occurring practices that result in better
management of the disease. This study deal with patient attitude toward diabetes. What are other
diseases caused by type two diabetes? How is type two diabetes diagnosed? How type two

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diabetes prolong the healing of wounds and how? What are the possible symptoms and what type
of medications used to manage type two diabetes? What types of self-monitoring, dietary
awareness and barriers to medication among physically disabled patients? (Schwarz & Reddy,
2013)This research is based on human experience and observations. Where the data collected
during the research is incorporated to give the conclusions with accuracy that can benefit
everyone. After the research patients should be able to identify successful diabetes management.
Literature review
Diagnosis of type two diabetes can be traumatic, research done interviewing a few newly
diagnosed type diabetes patient. The research done from diabetes educator's association shows
the patients requires support and education to family members and the community, medical
attention from health professionals. This study was done to investigate the challenges associated
with type two diabetes diagnosis patients, the complexities and the range depth of subjective
perspectives of the patients under the health care system. Few patients were selected and
interviewed, and the data collected and analyzed. Results show that the patients strictly followed
the physician's recommendations, knowledgeably managing their diabetes. And patients were
educated on how to self-manage techniques of their condition (Joshi, 2015). Type two diabetes
is a chronic condition that affects daily life. Though patients should implement their lifestyle
where necessary, follow the drug treatment as recommended by their physician. Type two
diabetes requires adjustments because it affects both professional and private life. Diabetes

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increases body complications like narrowing blood vessels, kidney damage, skin condition, high
blood pressure among others.
Relevant materials used reviewed the literature
Type diabetes is a lifetime disease and prevents the body from using the insulin that is made by
pancreases and is used helps the cells to turn glucose from taken food to energy. When the
insulin is made and the cell doesn't use it, the sugar builds up in the body. Things that cause
diabetes includes extra weight, too much glucose from the liver, metabolic syndrome and bad
communication of the cell (Poothullil, 2018). Its symptoms include feeling worn out, yeast
infections that keep coming back, peeing a lot, being very thirsty and wounds that don't heal.
Medications or insulin therapy is taken depending on the level of blood sugar and the availability
of any other problem one might have as prescribed by the doctors. The possible treatment of type
two diabetes: one Metformin it's a medication which lowers the glucose productions in the liver
and improves the body's sensitivity to insulin. Second Sulfonylureas it's a medication that assists
the body to secrete a lot one insulin. Third DPP-4 inhibitors, they are the medication that assists
to reduce blood sugar level, though might cause pain in the joints. Fifth Thiazolidinediones this
medication improves the tissues sensitiveness to insulin though it has more side effects and
weight gain, among other ways of type two diabetes treatments (Cryer, 2016). When a person is
diabetic wounds take longer to heal, which can develop other complications like infections risk.

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Many diabetes patients develop wounds that take longer to heal or never heals like lower left
ulcers in violet case. Foot ulcer develops case develops about 1 in 4people who have diabetes
due to poor circulation of white blood cells (Piaggesi & Apelqvist, 2017).

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Conclusion
In violet case being diabetes is prolonging the healing of lower left ulcers. And she should learn
how to self-manage her conditions. Type two diabetes is not curable but there is a possible way it
can be reversed and it's possible to hold normal blood sugar level (Chawla, 2012). Like losing
weight and following doctor treatment. Though violet ambulant over a short distance with a
walking frame as part of exercising she should also be eating healthy and in small portion and
reduce carbohydrates as part of weight loss. This will help in both type two diabetes and
Osteoarthritis treatment. Osteoarthritis is a type of arthritis which is somehow similar o diabetes

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References
Cryer, P., 2016. medical treatment of type two diabetes. illustrated ed. s.l.: American Diabetes
Association.
Health, N. I. o., 2014. the causes of type two diabetes. s.l. Createspace Independent Pub.
Houser, 2016. quantitative research questions on type two diabetes. illustrated ed. s.l.: Jones &
Bartlett Learning.
Joshi, M., 2015. blood sugar self-management. s.l.:Manik Joshi.
The organization, W. H., 2016. Global reports on type two diabetes patients. s.l. World Health
Organization.
Piaggesi, A. & Apelqvist, J., 2017. foot ulcer as diabetic foot syndrome. illustrated ed. s.l.:
Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers.
Poothullil, J. M., 2018. the real causes of diabetes and the right cure. illustrated ed. s.l.: New
Insights Press.
Schwarz, P. & Reddy, P., 2013. qualitative research questions on type two diabetes. s.l.: John
Wiley & Sons.
Chawla, R., 2012. complications caused by type two diabetes. s.l.: Jaypee Brothers Medical
Publishers Pvt. Ltd.

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