CNA153 Assessment 4: Nursing Report on Type 2 Diabetes Risk & Causes

This report presents a comprehensive analysis of Type 2 Diabetes, focusing on its risk factors and underlying causes. The introduction identifies Type 2 Diabetes as the primary clinical issue, followed by the formulation of both quantitative and qualitative research questions. The quantitative research explores the significant risk factors associated with Type 2 Diabetes, while the qualitative research investigates the causes of developing the condition. The report details the literature search strategies employed, including the use of Google Scholar and specific search terms, and provides a thorough literature review for both research questions. The risk factors discussed encompass genetics, lifestyle habits (including diet and exercise), and insulin resistance. The causes include genetics, lifestyle factors and insulin resistance. References from various sources support the findings, offering a detailed understanding of the topic.

Nursing Assignment
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Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................2
Quantitative Research Question......................................................................................................2
Literature Search..............................................................................................................................2
Literature Review............................................................................................................................3
Qualitative Research Question........................................................................................................4
Literature Search..............................................................................................................................4
Literature Review............................................................................................................................5
References........................................................................................................................................7

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Introduction
The paper will consider the case study of Violet, who is suffering from several clinical issues.
The clinical issues identified from the case study are type 2 diabetes, osteoarthritis and a lower
left leg ulcer. Out of these clinical issues, I will nominate type 2 diabetes as the focus of my
research questions. This form of diabetes is the most common kind of diabetes and a lifelong
ailment that prevents a person’s body from utilizing insulin in the correct method. The people
with this form of diabetes are called to be resistant to insulin, and their blood sugar level (BSL)
usually are too high.
Quantitative Research Question
The quantitative research question is a type of descriptive research question. The question aimed
to explain a specific concern that is significant risk factors connected to diabetes of type 2. The
quantitative research was designed to find out “what existed and what was going on” with the
targeted who were suffering from diabetes of type 2. The descriptive research question has been
designed to discover the response of the respondents towards the particular question (Olson and
McAuley, 2015). It is the easiest method to quantify the specific variable interested on a large
scale. The polls of public opinion was found to describe some part of people who hold different
views that are mainly descriptive in nature. The quantitative research aimed for finding out the
risk factors connected with individuals having type 2 diabetes.
Research Question: What are the significant risk factors in the individuals with type 2 diabetes?
(DeBoer et al., 2015)
Literature Search
The literature search for answering the research question was a pivotal step to perform authentic
research. The available printed information is vast, and so selecting the right articles relevant to
the research in question was significant (Escalada et al., 2016). Several databases are available to
perform a literature search. The search engine that was used is Google Scholar for answering the
research question. The search terms used for answering the research question were "type 2

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diabetes" and "health risk factors". After typing these terms, the outcome was that search engines
showed the information and in-depth reference materials about the risk factors linked with
diabetes of type 2. A literature search for answering the research question was an organized and
considered search for finding key literature on risk factors linked with diabetes of type 2. For
completing a detailed literature search, at first, a search strategy was developed and refined, the
search engines were decided, and then the search terms have been typed for finding the relevant
literature on the topic.
Literature Review
Type 2 diabetes is considered to have a strong hereditary connection which means that it has a
tendency to run in the families. Numerous genes might be connected to type 2 diabetes.
According to Patel et al., (2016), the risk factors associated with diabetes are being overweight
or obesity, high alcohol intake, high blood pressure, high carbohydrate and fat diet, sedentary
lifestyles, giving birth to baby of more than 9 pounds or gestational diabetes and high levels of
blood triglyceride (fat). As per Rawshani et al., (2018), the ageing, sleep, polycystic ovary
syndrome (PCOS), mental health conditions as well as smoking are also risky factors associated
with this form of diabetes.
Ageing - Growing age is a significant risk factor for this form of diabetes. The risks of having
type 2 diabetes start to increase significantly from 45 years of age and goes on to rise
subsequently after 65 years of age.
Sleep - In the opinion of Shan et al., (2015), if an individual is having disturbed sleep, it could be
related to increased risks of this form of diabetes. Sleeping for a more extended period or not
getting sufficient sleep are connected with increased risks of having diabetes.
Smoking - As mentioned by Fitchett et al., (2016), one of the significant risks related to type 2
diabetes is smoking, and it even increases the risks of other health issues like cancer and heart
diseases.

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Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) - The females having PCOS have higher risks of
developing this form of diabetes. The resistance to insulin is related to PCOS, and thus, high
levels of insulin circulate within the blood.
Mental Health Conditions - In the words of Bădescu et al, (2016), some of the mental illness
like depression, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are linked with type 2 diabetes. If a person is
having treatment with antipsychotic medicines, it could also raise the risks of having this form of
diabetes.
If an individual has any of the risk factors linked with this form of diabetes, it is essential to ask
his or her doctor to get a diabetes test. As per Zhu and Zhang, (2016), a healthy lifestyle and
proper diet, along with medicines, could help to control type 2 diabetes.
Qualitative Research Question
The qualitative research question is a type of exploratory research question. The question aimed
to explain a specific concern which developed type 2 diabetes. The qualitative research was
designed to find out what exists or what is going on and targeted the people who are having from
diabetes of type 2 based on the research question. The exploratory research question has been
designed to discover the response of the respondents towards the particular question. This
method is the same as the descriptive research question and aimed for understanding the topic
without affecting the outcomes with preconceived views. The qualitative research aimed for
finding out the causes of developing type 2 diabetes in individuals (Tancredi et al., 2015). This
type of research is far vaguer and less direct in nature and focuses more on to discover,
understand and explore the meanings as per the question.
Research Question: What are the causes of developing type 2 diabetes in the people?
(Chatterjee, Khunti and Davies, 2017)
Literature Search
For completing a detailed literature search, at first a search strategy was developed and refined,
the search engines were decided, and then the search terms have been typed for finding the
relevant literature on the topic. The available printed information is huge, and so selecting the

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right articles pertinent to the research in question was significant. The search engines that was
used is Google Scholar for answering the research question. The search terms used for answering
the research question were "causes" and "type 2 diabetes" and. After typing these terms, the
outcome was that search engines showed the information and in-depth reference materials about
the causes for developing type 2 diabetes. A literature search for answering the research question
was a systematic and considered search for finding key literature on causes for developing type 2
diabetes (Maruthur et al., 2016).
Literature Review
The type 2 diabetes has many causes; lifestyle habits and genetics are the most vital ones. A
combination of both these factors could lead towards resistant to insulin in the body when the
body does not utilize the insulin as it must use. The most common cause of developing this form
of diabetes is insulin resistance.
Role of Genetics
According to Schmidt et al., 2017), the type 2 diabetes could be genetic in nature but it do not
signify that if the parents have or had this form of diabetes, the children are confirmed to get
diabetes. This means that they have a higher possibility of having diabetes. It has been found that
a person could inherit type 2 diabetes, but it is hard to point out the particular genes carrying the
risks.
Role of Lifestyle Habits
The choices of lifestyle habits also have vital roles in developing type 2 diabetes. In the opinion
of Sami et al., (2017), lack of exercise, obesity and unhealthy choices of the meal are included in
lousy lifestyle habits.
Unhealthy Choices of Meal - As mentioned by Valenti et al., (2016), lack of fiber like fruits,
vegetables and grains and high intake of fatty foods increases the possibility of having diabetes
of type 2.

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Lack of Exercise - As per Tuomi et al., (2016), lack of physical activities can be the cause of
having this form of diabetes.
Obesity - In the words of Czech, (2017), unhealthy choices of meal and lack of physical
activities could lead to being overweight or even worse.
Insulin Resistance
The roles of both genetics, as well as lifestyle habits, lead towards resistant to insulin in the
body. It the body could not utilize the insulin properly; it will become resistant to insulin. As
stated by Tangvarasittichai, (2015), when the body becomes resistant to insulin, the building of
glucose takes place in the blood and shows the symptoms of type 2 diabetes.
Conclusion
The paper concluded the findings of both the research questions based on type 2 diabetes. The
results of the quantitative research question reveals that the risk factors are connected with
diabetes of type 2. The risk factors consist of high intake of alcohol, high blood pressure, high
carbohydrate and fat diet, obesity, sedentary lifestyles, gestational diabetes, high levels of blood
fat, ageing, sleep, smoking, PCOS and mental health conditions. The findings of the qualitative
research question are the causes of developing diabetes of type 2. The causes to develop diabetes
of type 2 are the lifestyle habits, genetics and insulin resistance.

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References
Bădescu, S.V., Tătaru, C., Kobylinska, L., Georgescu, E.L., Zahiu, D.M., Zăgrean, A.M. and
Zăgrean, L., 2016. The association between diabetes mellitus and depression. Journal of
medicine and life, 9(2), pp.120-125.
Chatterjee, S., Khunti, K. and Davies, M.J., 2017. Type 2 diabetes. The Lancet, 389(10085),
pp.2239-2251.
Czech, M.P., 2017. Insulin action and resistance in obesity and type 2 diabetes. Nature
medicine, 23(7), pp.804-806.
DeBoer, M.D., Gurka, M.J., Woo, J.G. and Morrison, J.A., 2015. Severity of the metabolic
syndrome as a predictor of type 2 diabetes between childhood and adulthood: the Princeton Lipid
Research Cohort Study. Diabetologia, 58(12), pp.2745-2752.
Escalada, J., Orozco-Beltran, D., Morillas, C., Alvarez-Guisasola, F., Gomez-Peralta, F., Mata-
Cases, M., Palomares, R., Iglesias, R. and Carratalá-Munuera, C., 2016. Attitudes towards
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Woerle, H.J., Broedl, U.C. and Inzucchi, S.E., 2016. Heart failure outcomes with empagliflozin
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Maruthur, N.M., Tseng, E., Hutfless, S., Wilson, L.M., Suarez-Cuervo, C., Berger, Z., Chu, Y.,
Iyoha, E., Segal, J.B. and Bolen, S., 2016. Diabetes medications as monotherapy or metformin-
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Olson, E.A. and McAuley, E., 2015. Impact of a brief intervention on self-regulation, self-
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medicine, 38(6), pp.886-898.

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Patel, T.P., Rawal, K., Bagchi, A.K., Akolkar, G., Bernardes, N., da Silva Dias, D., Gupta, S. and
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