Type 2 Diabetes in Australia: Social Determinants and Nursing Approach

This report analyzes Type 2 Diabetes in Australia, focusing on its prevalence, impact on individuals and communities, and the significance of social determinants of health. It explores the relationship between Type 2 Diabetes and factors such as socioeconomic status, access to healthcare services, and psychological influences. The report also highlights the role of nurses in managing Type 2 Diabetes, emphasizing their involvement in patient education, self-management strategies, and the promotion of positive health outcomes. The discussion encompasses the upstreaming approach to nursing, emphasizing preventative care and early intervention to mitigate the impact of Type 2 Diabetes on the Australian population, including the financial and social costs. The report concludes by underscoring the need for comprehensive healthcare strategies that address both individual needs and broader societal factors to improve the lives of those living with Type 2 Diabetes.

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This paper is grounded on Type 2 Diabetes and its social determinants in Australia which
basically focuses on significance of Type 2 Diabetes on the individual, family and communal,
the association among Type 2 Diabetes and three social determinants of health along with the
association amid Type 2 Diabetes and an up streaming approach to nursing. Type 2 diabetes in
Australia shows 1.2 million approximately 6% Australian grownups among 18 ages had diabetes
in 2017-2018 which includes people with T1DM, T2DM and other unknown types excluding
gestational diabetes. As per the 2017-2018 data, the incidence of diabetes was advanced of males
(7%) than females (5%) about double have high in the lowermost socioeconomic collection (75)
associated with the uppermost socioeconomic group (3%). Furthermore, nearly all circumstances
of insulin treated type 2 diabetes (92%) happened among 40 years old population and over
(AIHW, 2019). Therefore, this data suggests that there is a need to understand the relationship
between social determinants and type 2 diabetes which are discussed below.
Type 2 Diabetes negatively impacts the excellence of lifetime of persons alive with this
complaint. Moreover, the starting of complications like retinopathy, kidney damage, stroke, heart
disease and neuropathy exacerbates the physical influence of this growing disorder. Self-
management activities are vital for the achievement and maintenance of required blood sugar
levels, and prevention of complications related to Type 2 Diabetes (G Penno, 2011). Self-
management is referred as daily activities which persons, relatives and populations undertakes
with the purpose of enhancement of fitness, prevention of disorders, limit of illness and
restoration of health. Self-management of diabetes comprises of nutritional modification,
consumption of medicine as per recommendation, daily physical activities, foot maintenance,
and self-monitor of blood sugar levels. Self-management/care needs to understand a
comprehension of diabetes along with trust in abilities, motivation for the performance of self-

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management activities, and a supportive atmosphere by families, friends, communities and
healthcare specialists. Self-management is dominant to equally the knowledge of existing with
Type 2 Diabetes and the positivity of consequences of diabetes (AP Morris, 2012). However,
some review shows that there is a level of depression for type 2 Diabetes for approximately 18%
people. Many people are probable to report diabetes associated distress, which consecutively
shows that Type 2 diabetes has an undesirable influence of the superiority of life (Jane Speight,
2012). Considering the emotional, expressive and communal influence of diabetes is vital to for
the expansion and assessment of new treatments and interferences, comprising but not
incomplete to mental treatments. People with diabetes are empowered has highly perceived self-
efficient and actively engage themselves in health care comprising self-management and tries to
find out necessary help and information regarding Type 2 Diabetes. However, it is rare in
everyday practices wherein nurses and the patient with diabetes adopt the traditional characters
of the treatment and which unfortunately results in the passive recipient of health care and leads
to demotivation. Additionally, people living with Type 2 diabetes are at the increasing threat of
depression and anxiety (T Wong, 2013). Consecutively, Type 2 diabetes has an important and
frequently avoidable, influence on the fitness and happiness of the Australian populace.
Furthermore, it is problematic to evaluate the entire financial and communal influence of
diabetes. Healthcare that is straight attributable to diseases prices about $1.7 billion every year.
In footings of unintended prices, the complete price of diabetes might be as great as $14 billion
every year. These unintended prices comprise abridged productivity, nonappearance from effort,
early withdrawal and untimely demise and grief. Prices are heavily focused in specific sub
groups of persons with Type 2 diabetes. Yearly straight prices aimed at people with Type 2

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diabetes problems are more than double as abundant for the persons without problems $9600
associated with $3500 (AIHW, 2015).
This paragraph is based on the connection among Type 2 diabetes and three social determinants.
The communal disorder in which persons are intuitive, living and effort are the most significant
element of good wellbeing or ill health as per stated by World Health Organization (Australian
Institute of Health , 2012). The health compensations and drawback faced by Australians are
formed by their wider communal and financial circumstances. First of all, socioeconomic
location is a superior risk of poor fitness which establishes in high degree of disease, disability
and demise. Socioeconomic rank is usually restrained in one of three ways: revenue, teaching
and profession. Therefore, Australians breathing on low profits are more likely to grieve
infirmity and chronic diseases like Type 2 Diabetes (D Campbell, 2011). Additionally,
joblessness upsurges the threat of Type 2 Diabetes and early death predominantly among males.
High rate of joblessness in many parts of Australia might worsen the poor health position. It is
hypothesized that dissimilar delivery of incomes in Australia donates to the health difference on
the foundation of: mean annual taxable revenue, the proportion of families with reliant on
children getting government annuities and benefits, the amount of children living in low income
working relations and adults aged elder. Second social determinant can be physical and cultural
access to services (N Owen, 2014). It has been detected that rural and distant areas of Australia
have little amount of healthcare services. Furthermore, physical isolation and glitches with
admission to and lacks of providers and facilities are multidimensional glitches. Lack of
transport is also a fence in this circumstance. Difficult financial conditions indubitably influence
upon admission to and request for health facilities, chiefly rehabilitation facilities. Meanings of
fitness and wellness afterward affect the utilization of health care facilities. People in country

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areas usually label health in the undesirable which contributes to the great occurrence of Type 2
Diabetes. The third social determinant is psychological factors. In relation to Type 2 diabetes,
psychological factors relate to catalyse health related factors like smoke, diet, alcohol and
physical inactivity. Communal provision can be distinct as a communal reserve delivered by
another individual, or the gradation to which the ease and regard requirements of an individual
are met. Such sustenance can come from a assortment of bases, counting family, friends, doctor,
communal nurse and community administrations. Social rank is another mental factor that is
getting epidemiological courtesy. Additionally, revenue as a substitution for communal status is
the significant factor (ST Liaw, 2011).
This paragraph focuses on the relationship between Type 2 Diabetes and upstreaming approach
to nursing. Nurses deliver self-care/management education for people living with diabetes for the
promotion of positive health and wellbeing (B Karlsen, 2012). Diabetes teachers amongst the
variety of healthcare suppliers work to decrease the influence of diabetes at a separate and
populace level. In Australia, nurses have factually occupied the diabetes part and anecdotally
nurses are apparent to have a broader possibility of practice when employed in the diabetes
teacher role. In recent years, there is significant growth in the clinical area of diabetes education
and it became recognized as a healthcare speciality (KL Stenner, 2011). Additionally,
Government of Australia introduced the diabetes nurse specialist who has the surplus abilities of
a Credentialed Diabetes Educator (CDE) which is specialization in administration of treatment,
educating self-management to patients with diabetes, isolation of the association among other
problems and regulation of diabetes, and maintenance of close interaction among required visits.
The roles of the nurses are coordinate clinically, upskill of health professionals in contemporary
diabetes administration, initiation and support to improve the quality in diabetic healthcare

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system and undertake of clinical research and associated investigations. Diabetes nurse
practitioners helps in the increment to access the excellence specialised diabetes maintenance,
allow quick specialized care, allow and organize case conversation so that attention is more
efficient, decrease the incidence and price of health specialized appointments by maximizing the
efficacy of the whole team. The nurse practitioner reflects how the individual with diabetes and
domestic have managed with other main stressors, the knowledge with diabetes beforehand
diabetes, the stage of sureness in the organization of their diabetes, their utmost present
encounter with diabetes. The nurses safeguard that the patients are consumption well for the
management of their blood glucose level and the body weight, deliberates on the workout of
insulin movement for more effectual organization so that blood pressure can be dropped and help
in the discount of blood glucose level (J McDonald, 2012).
Consecutively, this essay highlighted the occurrence of Type 2 diabetes in Australia and its
significance along with relationship of Type 2 Diabetes and three communal elements. Further,
focused on the association among Type 2 diabetes and upstreaming nursing approach. The nurses
in Australia, focuses on the eating, medication and physical activities of patients. They regularly
monitor the blood sugar level and aims to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases among
Australians.

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