An Analysis of Entrepreneurship: Independent, Intra, and Social Forms

This essay delves into the multifaceted world of entrepreneurship and innovation, focusing on three distinct types: independent entrepreneurship, intrapreneurship, and social entrepreneurship. The essay begins by defining these concepts and highlighting their roles in driving innovation within organizations and the broader economy. It explores the dimensions of an entrepreneurship model, including the environment, the individual, the process, and the outcome, and then compares and contrasts the three main types of entrepreneurship. The analysis includes the purpose, contribution, and exit strategies of each type. The essay provides real-world examples, such as Jack Dorsey for independent entrepreneurship, Intel's initiatives for intrapreneurship, and SEKEM for social entrepreneurship, to illustrate the practical application of these concepts. The conclusion emphasizes the common thread of entrepreneurial thinking across all types, highlighting their shared goals of innovation, risk-taking, and the creation of value, measured by social and environmental impact.

Entrepreneurship and innovation

Entrepreneurship and Innovation 1
Abstract
Entrepreneurship plays a substantial role in the advancement of innovation in
organizations. The innovations have a great role in the long-term success of the companies.
The entrepreneurship is the procedure of advancing new business endeavors or growing
existing ones. It seeks to bring change and new prospects. This essay defines the concepts of
independent entrepreneurship, intrapreneurship, and social entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship and Innovation 2
Contents
Abstract.................................................................................................................................................1
Introduction...........................................................................................................................................3
Concepts of entrepreneurship................................................................................................................3
Outline and discussion model vital dimensions of entrepreneurship.....................................................4
Compare and contrast of the three types of entrepreneurship................................................................4
An example of each type of entrepreneurship........................................................................................6
Conclusion.............................................................................................................................................6
References.............................................................................................................................................8

Entrepreneurship and Innovation 3
Introduction
Entrepreneurship and innovation have become increasingly significant in all the
concerns of business. Established organizations like to innovate in order to respond to the
competition. The start-ups galvanize the economy by recognizing new prospects and
redirecting resources. The public sector makes use of entrepreneurship to tackle challenges
and improve service delivery. This essay comprises the concepts of independent
entrepreneurship, intrapreneurship, and social entrepreneurship. Further, the model
significant dimensions of entrepreneurship have been defined. Three types of
entrepreneurship are associated and compared with the insight of illuminating the
comparations and variances between each form of entrepreneurship. Lastly, an example of
each type of entrepreneurship has been illustrated with similarities and variances of each.
Concepts of entrepreneurship
The independent entrepreneurship contributes to the national economy by offering
jobs and value-added ingenuities. The independent entrepreneurship states to the
entrepreneurship actions of isolated or independent firms where the entrepreneurship
procedure is of utmost dominance. The independent entrepreneurs are known to be the pure
type of entrepreneurs and are independent, own and handle own organization. These
entrepreneurs show wide-ranging entrepreneurial characteristics. They are accompanied by
characteristics like making profits, taking financial risks, extending business activities and
taking risk of losing the invested capital (Djafri, 2018).
The intrapreneurship states to initiatives by the personnel in the companies to begin
innovative business activities. Intrapreneurship is associated to corporate entrepreneurship.
Intrapreneurship is deliberated to be a superior form of entrepreneurship and shares various
major behavioral features like taking ingenuity, the chase of prospects and some features of
newness. The key activities comprised of intrapreneurship are idea creation, opportunity
perception, conniving an innovative product, resource attainment, persuading management,
planning, and organizing (Light, Bhachun & Karageorgis, 2017). There are two phases of
intrapreneurship such as ‘vision and imagination’ and ‘preparation and emerging
exploitation’.

Entrepreneurship and Innovation 4
The social entrepreneurship is the entrepreneurship activities approved out by social
establishments, charitable establishments and NGOs. Such type of entrepreneurship
comprises recognition of a social concern and implementation of entrepreneurship tactic to
form, create and succeed a venture to attain social purposes. The social entrepreneurs are
identified as the social leader of agents of transformation (Chell, et al. 2016). The role of such
entrepreneurs instills an entrepreneurial framework to the particular target groups.
Outline and discussion model vital dimensions of entrepreneurship
The entrepreneurship is the procedure of setting own business in an innovative way
by pursuing some other economic activity. The key magnitudes of the entrepreneurship
model are environment, person, process, and outcome. The person is stated to the
entrepreneurs who are known to form a new business, bears risks and enjoy the rewards.
These are the innovators and sources of innovative ideas (Boone, et al. 2019). The
entrepreneurs have a great role in the environment by making use of skills and ingenuities
required to anticipate needs and convey new ideas to the market.
The process is identified in the form of entrepreneurship. It is the capability and
readiness to advance, organize and drive an organization with uncertainties in order to make a
profit. There is a different type of entrepreneurship such as slight business, scalable start-up,
big company and social (Lu & Wang, 2017). The characteristics comprised of the
entrepreneurship are innovation, the capability to take risks, visionary, flexible, open-minded
and knowing the product. On the other hand, the enterprise is deliberated to be the outcome
as one of the key extents of the entrepreneurship model. The enterprises mean to plan, start
and run a business (Gawke, Gorgievski & Bakker, 2017). It fetches the factors of production
together, assigns task and pays remuneration when the work is accomplished.
Compare and contrast of the three types of entrepreneurship
All 3 types of entrepreneurship lead to innovation and conduct business activities in
an innovative manner. Independent entrepreneurship, Intrapreneurship, and Social
entrepreneurship take massive action along with the maximization of the resources. These
also have the same behavioral skills as strengths in leadership, networking, observation,
associative discerning and experimentation (Naranjo-Valencia, et al. 2018). The same tools
are used by all forms of entrepreneurship and methods such as lean. All three forms of
entrepreneurship also invest in the search and authentication of new business prospects.
The differences between each form of entrepreneurship have been given below:

Entrepreneurship and Innovation 5
Basis Independent
entrepreneurship
Intrapreneurship Social
entrepreneurship
Purpose The independent
entrepreneurship is
used in private
organizations, where
entrepreneurship
procedure is
considered most
prevalent.
It inspires
employees in the
organization to
generate new
product ideas.
The social
entrepreneurship is
carried in the social
organizations and
charitable
establishments.
Contribution This type of
entrepreneurship
greatly contributes
to the nation’s
economy in the form
of jobs and
additional initiatives.
Intrapreneurship is
majorly linked with
the larger
organizations which
have risen the
entrepreneurial
activity in recent
years (Gawke,
Gorgievski &
Bakker, 2019).
This kind of
entrepreneurship has
aims to identify the
social problem and
apply the approach
to attain a social
return on investment
(ROI).
Exit options The independent
entrepreneurship
grows as a private
company and has
one target exit i.e. a
new product.
The employees in
the intrapreneurship
can exit within the
project as per their
suitability. There are
other employees
who can carry out
the activity of other
employees.
The social
entrepreneurship
carries out to meet a
specific object.
Attainment of the
objective is
deliberated to
effective
entrepreneurship (.
Investors These are the single
investors and carry
investment risk to
pursue an
There are different
investors and
initiatives are taken
There are multiple
investors. The
community has also
involved in such

Entrepreneurship and Innovation 6
opportunity. collectively. types of projects
(Saebi, Foss, &
Linder, 2019).
An example of each type of entrepreneurship
The independent entrepreneurs are majorly solo and prefer to work by themselves and
define their own direction. They are free to decide their priorities and are sure enough in
deciding the things to be focused. For example, co-founder of Twitter and Square (mobile
payment system), Jack Dorsey has a reserved personality and is well-documented in the
media. But Jack’s solid vision for Twitter and Square even in the face of naysayers proved
his independence.
The intrapreneurship assists companies in keeping the budding entrepreneurial talent
in the organization by enabling them to foster and fulfill their state-of-the-art desires. One of
the examples of intrapreneurship can be taken from Intel which is identified for capitalizing
in Silicon Valley entrepreneurs. The company invests in the ideas of its personnel with the
‘new business initiative’. It helps the company in attaining several ideas by the employees
with attaining funding (Kriz, Molloy & Denness, 2013).
The social entrepreneurship has been effective in producing social change by
commercial ingenuities. The individuals have verified that there can be return in assimilating
social benefaction with the business areas (Haugh & Talwar, 2016). For instance, SEKEM is
an Egyptian company and has a well-versed role by constantly inspiring social, personal and
environmental advancement. This company produced medicinal and aesthetical products by
improving the environment through biodynamic farms. The company has also established a
healthcare center dedicated to holistic medicine.
Conclusion
All three forms of entrepreneurship have the aim to innovate and attain goals through
innovations. In spite of the differences between the three types of entrepreneurship,
entrepreneurial thinking is common. The persons involved in such entrepreneurship take risks

Entrepreneurship and Innovation 7
and initiative to do something innovative and worthwhile. The worth is measured in the form
of social and environmental impact on society.

Entrepreneurship and Innovation 8
References
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nationality diversity, corporate entrepreneurship, and innovation in multinational
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Chell, E., Spence, L. J., Perrini, F., & Harris, J. D. (2016). Social entrepreneurship and
business ethics: Does social equal ethical?. Journal of business ethics, 133(4), 619-
625.
Djafri, N. (2018). The Strategy of Independent Entrepreneurship Management. European
Research Studies Journal, 21(3), 362-370.
Gawke, J. C., Gorgievski, M. J., & Bakker, A. B. (2017). Employee intrapreneurship and
work engagement: A latent change score approach. Journal of Vocational
Behavior, 100, 88-100.
Gawke, J. C., Gorgievski, M. J., & Bakker, A. B. (2019). Measuring intrapreneurship at the
individual level: Development and validation of the Employee Intrapreneurship Scale
(EIS). European Management Journal, 37(6), 806-817.
Haugh, H. M., & Talwar, A. (2016). Linking social entrepreneurship and social change: The
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Kriz, A., Molloy, C., & Denness, B. (2013). The global importance of innovation champions:
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Macmillan, London.
Light, I., Bhachu, P., & Karageorgis, S. (2017). Migration networks and immigrant
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Lu, L., & Wang, L. (2017, December). Problems and Suggestions on Implementation of
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(ICEDEM 2017). Atlantis Press.
Naranjo-Valencia, J. C., Calderón-Hernández, G., Jiménez-Jiménez, D., & Sanz-Valle, R.
(2018). Entrepreneurship and innovation: Evidence in colombian SMEs. In Handbook

Entrepreneurship and Innovation 9
of Research on Intrapreneurship and Organizational Sustainability in SMEs (pp. 294-
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Saebi, T., Foss, N. J., & Linder, S. (2019). Social entrepreneurship research: Past
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