International Construction: Royal BAM & Sustainable Practices in UAE

This report examines the growing importance of sustainable construction practices within the international construction sector, focusing on opportunities for global contractors in the UAE. It highlights the increasing construction activity in the UAE by international firms like Royal BAM Group and their efforts to minimize environmental impact through green construction designs. The report discusses the construction industry in the Middle East, emphasizing the opportunities presented by sustainable construction for global contractors, and strategies companies use to diversify their engagement in the global market. It also analyzes the positive and negative effects of a sustainable construction industry on the local construction industry, including advantages for local firms, while advocating for government encouragement of sustainable construction strategies among external business entrepreneurs operating in the region. The research uses a qualitative and descriptive approach, drawing on secondary data to explore how sustainable construction is embraced internationally and the opportunities available to international builders in implementing sustainable practices.

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5th Sep 2018

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Abstract
The building and related construction activities create a crucial impact on the
environment. UAE has been witnessing increased construction activity in the home
country by international brands such as Royal BAM Group of Europe. The Royal
BAM is a very popular construction firm in Europe which specializes in civil
engineering and construction projects worldwide. The host country has been
benefited and at the same time making efforts to minimize the effect on the
environment of the new construction of buildings. A green construction design
philosophy is promoted in order to enhance the sustainability commitments of
conduct in UAE by International brand Royal BAM. The aim is to lower down
resource deletions and the carbon dioxide harmful gas emissions in these
constriction efforts and initiatives made by these global firms. There is a need that
the government of the nations uses and encourages external business
entrepreneurs entering the regional country to use sustainable means of construction
strategies such that it becomes a norm for such industries working in UAE.

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Table of Contents
Introduction...................................................................................................................3
Company Overview......................................................................................................4
Research.......................................................................................................................5
Construction Industry in Middle East............................................................................6
Opportunities of sustainable construction for global contractors.................................8
Strategies of Company to Diversify Engagement in Global Market...........................11
Impact of International Market Strategies on Local Construction Industry................13
The positive effects of sustainable construction industry in Middle East...................14
The negative effects of a sustainable construction industry......................................16
Advantages of Local Construction Firms....................................................................16
Discussions.................................................................................................................18
Conclusion and Recommendations............................................................................18

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Introduction
The construction sector and creation of buildings play a significant role in society.
Not only do buildings provide a means to have a good standard of living for the
people of a country, but also adds crucial economic benefits as well. On the other
hand, the same sector is also highly responsive to be using natural resources at a
fast pace, consuming enormous energy, emission of greenhouse gases on a global
level, pollution in air and creation of enormous wastes. In the Middle East, of late
there has been an increasing concern about the negative effects of the construction
industry and its associated activities on the country's environment and resources.
The construction industry in the UAE is growing fast with a huge number of
international construction companies entering the market to offer high-end
technology and innovative construction services (Ding, 2014). As a ripple effect this
is also enhancing the standard of living and opportunities for local construction
company owners in UAE to grow, learn, compete and also act as local collaborators
and suppliers for these international traders. But, there is less focus given on
adopting additional methods and strategies to increase the quality of the
environment by making changes in building design and construction methods. The
concept of sustainability's now being realized as a necessity for internal construction
business and is needed for long-term sustenance.
Green construction essentially signifies the approach which considerations are made
by construction companies to reduce the use of resources and emission of wastes
and consumption of energy during the entire work cycle of these constructions.
These are commonly known as green building (Wang and Rivard, 2012).
Sustainable construction and green building are concepts which give global as well
as local constriction companies and to the entire construction, industry ways to

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develop positive approaches to environmental resources. Such practices put a lot of
emphasis in using sustainable construction sites, projects, efficient in water use,
conservation of energy, use of energy in an effective manner, materials which are
resource efficient to be used, minimization of waste, ventilation and many other
standard practices.
Company Overview
Royal BAM Group is a very popular company associated with civil and construction
activities in Europe since 1886. The company is from Holland. The firm has unified
with many collaborators and is distributing its services in two main lines of business
– constructions and civil engineering activities. The firm actively works as a PPP or
public-private partnerships. Royal BAM Construction Company has made a
noteworthy contribution to its native nation. This brand makes the famous
Amsterdam Aajx football club space along with Bataafsche Aanneming Maatschappij
(Baminternational, 2018).
The main feature of this construction company is its widely networked branches and
units in different countries where it operates. The firm believes in being close to its
customers, and the presence of Royal BAM is there in the Middle East, USA, Africa
and Australia as well. It provides high quality and highly innovative construction
solutions supported by technology and knows how to varied places in the world. The
main philosophy of the brand is to help the customers have a real value for their
investments. To achieve this company philosophy, Royal BAM works closely with the
customers (Jarrah, 2015). They believe in creating and maintaining a lasting
partnership by offering high quality and outstanding construction services. Be it
creation, maintenance, using innovation and expanding work Royal BAM has gained

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quite a lot of popularity with its plethora of impressive construction projects. The firm
has very experienced skilled employees with over 21,000 workforce delivering
thousands of quality projects delivered each year globally.
Research
Research Question
The main reach question here being addressed is how sustainable construction is
embraced internationally and what opportunities the international builders are getting
in implementing the concept in an international scenario.
Research method
The qualitative and descriptive research method is chosen in order to undergo this
research report. This method is simple and can take help and reference from
research made by other researchers in published journals and books.
Data
For this secondary research data is used and these are the data which another
researcher has generated on their research on the same subject. Here no interview
or survey is made. In order to get data research has explored many countries where
international construction developers are working and how they are addressing the
sustainability concept.
Literature Review
Construction Industry in the Middle East
Construction sector in the Middle East with special mention to Dubai suffered
setbacks in the year 2009. This was in succession of the financial crisis faced by the

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entire world which also increased the debt crisis for Dubai. A large number of
construction projects which was planned were hence paused. High gas and oil
revenues which then occurred during the time san between years 2008 till preset has
been helping Middle East One again witness its tourism sector expanded. This
flourishing expanding sector and re-exports and entry of a large number of global
traders to UAE have helped the country’s the economy recovered well. By the year
2012, the confidence of the customer was back, and activities in relation to the real
estate once again picked up along with heightening of prices. Overall the
construction sector is in an advantageous position (Liu, Zhao, and Yan, 2016).
Source – Norton Rose Fulbright
However, now the mindset of people has changed post the huge financial crisis the
world experienced back in 2008-2008 (Kibert, 2017). Today cautiously investments
are being made, and the focus is increasing on retails, infrastructure, commercial
projects, and the hospitality sector. The Middle East construction industry is on a
positive upward trend in recent years. Low oil costs although creating practical
challenges for the nation as the hydrocarbon sector is contributing to around 34.3%

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of the minimum GDP in the year 2014 (Driessche, 2015). The expansion of tourism
sector with more occurrences of international events such as Expo 2020 is creating
large opportunities for the government to invest further in enhancing the
infrastructure of transportation even in the middle of imbalances in the political arena
in the nation (Glavinich, 2014). UAE today is considered a safe haven for
entrepreneurs in a construction company to enter the market and grow exponentially.
Construction activities are ongoing for UAE.
Opportunities for sustainable construction for global contractors
The concerns on the effects of construction-related activities on the environment are
increasing exponentially, and measures are also being taken in order to take up
sustainable construction methods as a best practice for mitigating risks. These
sustainable measures can involve legal structures, technological, cultural and
managerial practices, and processes (Hill and Bowen, 2015). The entire construction
sector is experiencing a severe amount of pressure for adapting to environment-
friendly strategies and responsible actions toward the environment in order to enjoy
competitive advantages. However, in order to implement the environment
managerial systems in the construction sector, there are different barriers and
challenges as well. Construction sustainability hence is not an easy process and
rather a dilemma faced by major players in the construction industry.
In this report, Royal BAM Group construction sustainable actions in the Middle East
in Kuwait are being researched. Data was collected using a case study related to this
company’s construction projects from the perspective of the researcher (Roberts,
2017). This is a descriptive quantitative research methodology where data is
collected from secondary sources like journals and books explaining different case

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studies. The construction enterprises must develop robust and high innovative
strategies for an environmental manager for being in compliance with the
sustainability requirements and also take advantages from the varied opportunities
which arise from the integration of the best practices (Baloi, 2016).
The construction sector also plays a very big role in the development of the country
by both means economically and socially. It is the construction sector which plans,
develops, manufactures, designs and builds, modifies and maintains the construction
environment and it includes manufacturers and vendors supplying raw materials,
construction materials, contractors, customers, consultants, marketers, and uses of
the developed facilities. Sustainable construction is considered as a sustainable
development subset which is applied to the entire construction sector. It is defined as
the building and the responsibly related management of a construction environment
which is built based on resource efficiency and environment-friendly principles.
There are concerns over the deterioration of the environment which has been going
on from a very long time till recent times (Shen, 2015). The principles of sustainable
construction to be followed by global construction develops are focused on the
following:
 Maximized re-use of resources
 Minimize consumption of the resource
 Use recyclable and renewable resources
 Natural environment protection
 Development of a non-toxic and healthy ambiance.
 Development of a quality environment (Calautit and Hughes, 2016).

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Construction businesses that operate globally get enormous opportunity to embrace
three primary dimensions- social, environmental and economical in comparison to
the conventional industrial process where the main focus of economic growth,
durability, and utility. Social dimension helps developers address the various issues
and concerns in relation to the improvement of the quality of life of the people in the
country where the firm constructs infrastructure (Yoon and Tello, 2014). Economic
dimensions are addressing the different economic issues such as job creation,
enhancement of competition, lowering maintenance and operational costs, high
quality safe and secured work environment leading to better employee welfare and
productivity (Stavins, 2016). The global construction firms can also contribute
immensely to the country by embracing environmental dimensions such as focusing
on eco-friendly design, construction, maintained, operated, and deconstruction
attitudes in order to lower the negative impacts on the environment. These negative
impacts on the event are air based emissions, water resource use, water discharges,
use of land and many others.
The global construction entrepreneurs and builders are benefitting from adopting
sustainable measures. These are beneficial to products as well as processes. The
benefits to the work processes involve saving of material by reusing, recycling and
transforming wastes to valuable uses and creating safe work conditions, cost
reductions of the activities engaged with discharges, management of waste,
transportation, lowering energy use in production (Opoku and Fortune, 2015). The
benefits the builders are getting in terms of products are the high quality of
construction, lower cost of the life cycle and using safe construction processes. All
these together are acting in favor of these global construction firms who are

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developing a better brand image for themselves with their contributions to
environmental protection and responsible use of resources.
International enterprise over last few years has given a lot of efforts in the
enhancement of the level of energy efficiencies in new building construction and in
enhancing existing building development. Building development industry has huge
potential for the achievement of energy efficiency, co2 reduction in developed and
developing nations in the world. Currently, the construction sector contributes to
around 40% of the energy demands in the entire world and third contributions to co2
emissions (Lombard, 2018). As the population is rising all over the world, so is the
demands for high-end comforts rising and hence the time spent by people in
buildings are more. This means a large amount of energy consumption is
consistently being made all over the world. All these factors are opportunities for
global construction leaders and developers for detecting energy efficient building
construction and innovating technologies based on energy efficiency in order to
enhance sustainable development practices and achieving targets of energy
efficiency in organizations (Kuznik, David and Johannes, 2014).
There has been fast-paced development and innovation made in technologies which
encourage energy to be used efficiently in areas such as building raw materials,
passive development measures, and sensors. Designing building systems in the
environmentally friendly way and serving multiple functionalities will change the
varied facets of sustainability-related problems. Construction developers in the
international business need smart integration in between civil, architecture,
mechanical, environmental, electrical and structural policies, engineering, economic,
and social sciences (Farid, Khubhai and Hallaj, 2014). Responsible urbanization best

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practices at both the micro and macro level help developers lessen the varied
negative impacts of the building environment. The main focus is at the macro level in
the sustainability factors for the planet to sustainability micro-elements,
neighborhoods, and municipality and to distinct buildings, materials, components and
space occupied by individuals. Changes made in building design give the enormous
opportunity for builders to use a multidisciplinary approach and enhance life quality
of individuals, corporations and the wider community and society. It gives ways
towards holistic thinking in every sector (Sharma, Tyagi, and Buddhi, 2014).
Strategies of Company to Diversify Engagement in Global Market
Green Building
One of the major strategies Royal BAM global construction company is adopting is
green building in order to diversify itself better in the world of sustainable
construction. The Middle East like all other nations in the world takes responsibility of
implementing such concepts and encourages and welcomes any enterprises which
adopt environment-friendly process while developing and building infrastructure.
Green building is the characteristics and quality of structures which are built on the
lines of methodologies and principles which aids sustainable constructions. A green
building is a health facility which is specifically designed and also built in a restored
effective manner based on ecological principles and techniques. Officials also define
green building as the process used for enhancing efficiency in which buildings will be
using water, energ6 and materials and lower impact of the building on environment
and human health using a better design, construction, siting, maintenance,
operations, and removal thus completing the entire life cycle of building development
(Tunji-Olayeni, Mosaku and Oyeyipo, 2018).

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The main elements of a green building are having sustainable sites, effective water
use, conservation of energy, materials, and resources, quality of indoor
environmental and conservation resource design methods and approaches adopted
by entrepreneurs who work in global instruction industry and environment. In order to
implement this, there are varied global environmental assessment method and tools
which are used for the life cycle of a building. The assessments are made from a
design, construction, operations, and maintenance all using the green building
concept and method. Green design impacts the health of individuals and
environment positively, enhances the productivity of occupants, enhances
organizational marketability, lowers operational costs and aids in the development of
a sustainable community in the world (Cuervo and Pheng, 2015).
Sustainable Constructions
Global construction developers strategize to create green buildings based on
sustainable principles of constructions all of which is addressing economic,
ecological and social concerns of buildings. Such concepts of green building are a
common element of a suitable construction methodology (Williams & Dair, 2017). A
sustainable construction sector aims in attaining sustainability, and it is a procedure
which initiates before even planning, and design stages of a construction project are
made. Such methods are consistently maintained even when construction is
completed, and workers have even left the site. In all different phases of the
construction process and designing the principles are used for effective decision
making. Such principles are used for the evaluation of elements and resources in all
the aspects of construction made from the stage of planning to disposal. Resources
are developed and build in a responsible manner during the building lifecycle

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including the materials, land, energy, water and the ecosystem (Chan and John,
2013).
Assessment for Environment Building
There are advanced building assessment tools which are used by the Royal BAM
group when it is making constructions in different countries in the world. There are
industry standard assessments tools which are formed by experts which aims in
listing the different criteria of the environment and the basis in which performances of
buildings are analyzed, evaluated and checked. Assessment tools like these are
used by builders and developers in every stage of the project. Pre-design criteria are
met and based on that construction building designs are made. Such building
assessment tools help enhance the level of construction goes high. The tools are
subdivided into two different groups (Saleh and Alalouch, 2015). First, the
assessment tools are aided in presenting various performance-based indicators and
design options which firms have (Ogunlana and Sukhera, 2013). Secondly, the tools
offer rating methods in order to rate the performance level of buildings.
Impact of International Market Strategies on Local Construction Industry
Whenever an international product manufacturer or service provider enters into a
new market in the international lands, there is an impact which is witnessed in the
local industry as well. In recent years in the Middle East, there has been developed
in the local construction industry (Parkin, 2017). Talks of sustainability, challenges
and future opportunities are happening everywhere in the nation. Cities will, as per
World urbanization report of the UN be growing significantly in coming years and will
be able to accommodate new entrants, jobs and various other demands. This will

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indeed make local resources, society and environment be affected by its pressure.
This is in addition to the benefit an international construction business is providing by
hiring local talent and improving the quality of life of the local people. With the
progress in urbanization and new legislation formed by the government, a huge
number of independent construction companies are predicted to be growing in the
Middle East local market (Cañas-Guerrero, Mazarrón, Calleja-Perucho and Pou-
Merina, 2014). There will be new developers, consultants, contractors, entrepreneurs
who are going to make equal or even more investments in embracing new building
development techniques and embracing sustainable construction design know how.
Management of construction waste and managing the effect of such projects in the
context of environmental quality will help local constraints find ways to change and
uplift their brand image along with making valuable contributions to life in their host
country.
Sustainability today is much more than a mere marketing tool. The main focus of
every company is the client, the environment, and resources. Even customers today
are realizing that sustainability does not mean brands are using advertising jargons
to attract their attention. Rather it is a project which runs parallel and in alignment
with every construct project. Sustainable design in initial phases and use of holistic
approaches are implemented even by local construction firms, and this is a reflection
of the sustainability implemented by international brands entering ad operating in the
Middle East. The approach in which sustainability will be implemented varies
significantly from one employer to another. Large developers in connection industry
are noticed to be taking a holistic approach, involving more consultants at initial
phases and aiming to go beyond the basic green building criteria set by the
government (Chen and Messner, 2014). A small development, on the other hand,

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has constraints as they have an internal target rate of return. Especially during times
when sale plateau is often experienced and prices of constructions industry materials
and technology increasing recently. A lot of local construction developers in Middle
Eat are using areas basic standards for getting green building as a mode of work
practices and achieving a basic building completion accreditation.
Unique Regional Challenges are being experienced by local construction companies
in the Middle East (Saleh and Alalouch, 2015). In the Middle East, the subject of
sustainability poses great challenges to the industrial players in the region. The
entire region is prone to very extremes of weather conditions, and this makes cooling
down a high priority function. Hence, sustainable potentialities often are kept aside
under such circumstances. Local construction companies in the Middle East,
however, are taking initiatives to get involved in sustainability mater right from an
early phase of the project lifecycle.
The positive effects of the sustainable construction industry in the Middle East
Middle East urban society and environment have a huge natural potential for
embracing the opportunities of sustainable development. The region is showcasing
ever-increasing urbanization and a very high density of population. There are natural
potential Middle East countries for the construction of a neighborhood which is highly
economics and scaled energy systems. The heritage of the system with its
conventional models of business and building development is also acting as a guide
to design methodology concept creation and implementation (Abdul-Rahman, Loo
and Wang, 2015). These new age designs are based on energy efficiency concepts
and are highly effective in creating opportunities for construction companies to boost
their image as a corporate and socially responsible firm. The country has enormous
solar as well as wind resources which give potentials for a renewable energy system

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to be employed and integrated in an effective manner in order to protect and
enhance the environment.
The country is also experiencing positive effects where there are sustainable
development initiatives by government bodies, non- government bodies and varied
professional bodies in the region which opens new opportunities on which the firm
can capitalize on. It is related to the building of the environment, and the efforts and
interests are all leveraging on the sustainable development regulations developed by
the government (Abidin and Powmya, 2014).
Moroccan government, for instance, has notified the launch of a national charter for
the sustainable environment development. Similarly, UAW, Jordan, and Egypt have
also begun the introduction of energy efficient standard criteria for building
development. NGOs or non-governmental organizations in Qatar, Jordan, and UAE
have established green building methodology in their countries as they target in the
promotion of sustainable design and development for the local construction industry
as well as global entrants (Gundes and Aydogan, 2016). Green building rating
systems are introduced which rates building the design on sustainability concepts.
Saudi Arabia and Emirate governments are also engaging in the commissioning of
many pilot projects related to sustainable design. Many organizations are also
providing a related financial incentive for making their building designs energy
efficiency. Varied renewable energy systems on a small scale are developed in
order to make them viable commercially.
Enormous positive development, as well as opportunities, are created in developing
nations like the Middle East. The country is fast emerging as a nation which

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promotes suitable development in varied sectors (Han, Kim, Jang and Choi, 2015).
However, it is possible to achieve sustainable decision making in order to overcome
the challenges given above. The nature of the challenges which the country faces
needs the construction sector to achieve sustainable development, an initiative to
bring a change in their present status quo and also collaborations made between
different governments, professional bodies, NGOs and the public. The country needs
to learn from its varied experiences which it receives from global construction
company sustainable approaches (Gundes and Aydogan, 2016).
The negative effects of a sustainable construction industry
Sustainable development is not a simple process. For the construction industry in the
Middle East, it has been experienced that there is an in general insufficiency in the
framework of urban development in many of its cities and regions. There are fewer
instances found on the precedents in regional sectors in the country in relation to
activities related to energy conservation, water conservation, resource conservation,
and waste management. These are highly concerning issues resulting from
increased international construction activities occurring in the Middle East. There is a
rising consumption of energy in the buildings with increased scarcity of water and the
increased generation of waste which is not managed carefully. It is leading to a
chaotic negative situation in the country.
There is a challenging environment for countries like the Middle East to build
individual buildings owing to the arid and heat in the region. There is a rapid rise in
city development using energy resources which are found existing under the sand.
The cities require a high amount of quality energy in order to make the region
habitable in nature. The form of the buildings is mostly imported. These were not
responsive to the environment, and the primary habitability relied on climate and

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energy-intensive tools like air conditioning sites for humans to survive. Green
building forms, on the other hand, are not entirely depending on fossil fuel uses.
Hence these can help reduce the consumption of energy in the Middle East
countries (McIntosh and McCabe, 2016).
Advantages of Local Construction Firms
There have been a huge amount of infrastructure related works occurring in UAE. A
large number of airport, roadway and port-related projects continued in the country
owing to the new international construction companies are entering the Middle East
local markets. The infrastructure of UAE has boosted the market of UAE
impressively about its international ranking. The first advantage has been the
occurrences of large-scale projects in the country. These economic issues do
possess an international effect on the building industry (Jawad, Abdulkader, and Ali,
2016). Nations are exposed to fluctuations in its import and export, issues in
currency and credit crunch situations. Hence such nations require health economic
progress to be occurring and the building sector is an industry which plays a pivotal
role in this. The opportunities of the local construction in the Middle East are varied
and multiple. The second benefit to local construction companies is that there are
numerous new employment opportunities which have opened up due to international
constriction companies entering regional markets. The countries are now filled with
jobs, and one can use the construction field to develop a career and build a life upon.
With increased job opportunities in the local country, more and more local talent is
recruited thus promoting a large portion of the citizens in the country to a higher
standard of living. The UAW construction market is growing positively and
consistently with increased investments from major governments, a large number of

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new projects in hospitality, healthcare, education, residential and leisure industries.
The varied investors and construction developers take a lot of additional care in
making sustainable efforts to lower resource usage, emission of carbon gases and
management of wastes.
Another benefit of international constriction companies entering Middle East
diversification of the host companies and traders. Diversification of the assets,
knowledge resources and making actions and strategies to combat world issues like
environmental conservation are helping host enterprises compete with global firms at
an altogether new level (Fu, Ho, Sui and Li, 2013). There can be for example
negative completion in two or more than two construction companies in the host
country. But, the entrance of a global competitor balances out such negative
competition and make firms more competent to handle global concerns. One another
advantage worth mentioning is the new opportunities to get exposed to new skills
and technologies used by global enterprises. This knowledge is shared to host
companies thus making their quality of internal workforce resource and knowledge
higher. This opens up an enormous opportunity for local talent to boost their
knowledge and skill set.
Discussions
The main element in the mission of the Royal BAM group is quality performances.
The next recommended focus can be the maximization of profits and client
satisfaction levels. This is supposed to be the recommended mission statement for
every sustainable organization in the world which is focused on taking performance
indicators seriously. The element of sustainability in organizational mission
statements will help firms develop and distribute support for sustainable construction

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in local, regional firms as well. One of the most deterrent reasons for less growth and
poor implementation of sustainable construction is low awareness in the world. Not
all business organization and customers understand the concept properly. And that
is why not all construction companies are adopting sustainability as their core
mission and vision (Noah and Bradley, 2016).
There are also areas such as poor government support which is needed to be further
enhanced in order to increase sustainable work practices in the construction industry
at an international level. There are fewer laws and regulations implemented to drive
sustainable constructions. All these are needed to be changed. The benefit of
sustainable construction is realized all over the world with increased environmental
quality, life quality, and benefits to local companies. Hence more emphasis must be
given to every challenge faced by the firms and solutions must be found to
encourage green growth.
Conclusion and Recommendations
The sustainable construction process is the total responsibility of the entire
construction industry. Activities related to construction such as sustainable activities,
design, operation, constriction, maintenance, modernization, rehabilitation and
dismantling all have crucial effects on the environment. The huge use of natural
energy, resources, air pollution, soil and land pollution, water resource use are all
examples of the impacts of environmental depletion. Enormous challenges, as well
as opportunities, are out there for global construction firms like Royal BAM group for
adopting sustainable constriction. However, it is difficult and challenging for
organizations to balance out sustainability-related objectives and economic progress.
Adoption of sustainable construction as a means of running a business and as a

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norm will help the firm’s environment better (Du Plessis, 2014). Adoption of
sustainable constriction practices with adherence to environmental protection,
enhance sites and work conditions, sustainable buildings all drives firms to better
productivity and profitability.
Sustainable constriction is a complex engineering and system, and it needs merging
of political, technical, economic and social elements. The development of green
buildings in the Middle East is still in a very preliminary phase. Hence there is a
requirement for a significant effort and support from the government as well as the
private sector. The range of knowledge and use environment-friendly construction is
growing but not at a fast pace. Hence efforts are needed for enhancing the know-
how and concept for both the private sector and the government by using
workshops, training, and technology in favor.

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