Alternative Exam Assignment: UGB222 Management Accounting

This document presents a comprehensive solution to an alternative exam assignment in Management Accounting (UGB222) from the Faculty of Business, Law & Tourism. The solution addresses four questions, each worth 25 marks, covering key concepts such as the high-low method for cost estimation, calculating fixed and variable costs, preparing cost of goods sold schedules and income statements, and performing relevant cost analysis for make-or-buy decisions. Detailed calculations and explanations are provided for each part of the questions, including the application of relevant cost principles, the analysis of different cost structures, and the impact of various scenarios on profitability. The assignment requires students to demonstrate their understanding of cost accounting principles and their ability to apply them to practical business situations. The document is designed to aid students in understanding the concepts and preparing for similar assessments.

UGB222 Management
Accounting

Contents
Contents...........................................................................................................................................2
Question 1........................................................................................................................................1
Question 2........................................................................................................................................2
(i)..................................................................................................................................................2
(ii)................................................................................................................................................3
Question 3........................................................................................................................................4
(a).................................................................................................................................................4
(b).................................................................................................................................................5
Question 5........................................................................................................................................5
(a).................................................................................................................................................5
(b).................................................................................................................................................6
(c).................................................................................................................................................6

Question 1
Using the high-low method, estimate:
(a) The variable cost per occupied bed on a daily basis.
Difference in cost:
Monthly operating cost at 80% occupancy:
550 x 80%= 440 rooms
440 x £32 x 30 days 422,400
Monthly operating cost at 60% occupancy (which is given) 399,300
Difference in cost 23,100
Difference in activity:
80% occupancy (550 x 80% x 30days) 13,200
60% occupancy (550 x 60% x 30days) 9,900
Difference in activity = 3,300
Change in cost / change in activity = 23,100/3,300 = £7 per room per day
Monthly operating cost at 80% occupancy (above)
Less variable cost:
422,400
440 beds x 30daysx £7 92,400
Fixed operating cost per month 330,000
550 beds x 70%
= 385 beds occupied
(b) The total fixed operating costs per month. (6 marks)
Monthly operating cost at 80% occupancy (above) Less
variable cost:
422,400
440 beds x 30daysx £7 92,400
Fixed operating cost per month 330,000
550 beds x 70%
= 385 beds occupied
2. Assume an occupancy rate of 70% per month. What amount of total operating cost would you
expect the hospital to incur?

Fixed cost 330,000
Variable costs: 385 beds x 30days x £7 80,850
Total expected costs £410,850
3. At an activity level of 6,800 units, Pen Corporation's total variable cost is £125,188 and its
total fixed cost is £164,152. Required for the activity level of 7,100 units, compute:
a) The total variable cost;
 The total fixed cost;
 The total cost;
 The average variable cost per unit;
 The average fixed cost per unit; and
 The average total cost per unit. Assume that this activity level is within the relevant
range.
Variable cost = £125,188 / 6800 units =18.41 per unit
Activity level 7,100
Total costs:
Variable cost (a) [7,100 units x £18.41 per unit] £130,711
Fixed cost (b) 164,152
Total (c) £294,863
Cost per unit:
Variable cost (d) £18.41
Fixed cost (e) [£164,152/7100 units] 23.12
Total (f) £41.53
Question 2
(i)
Schedule of cost of goods sold
Particulars Amount
opening stock of raw material -
raw material purchased 310000
(-) raw material closing stock 40000

raw material consumed 270000
Cleaning supplies, factory 6000
Direct labour costs 80000
Indirect labour costs 136000
Maintenance, factory 47000
Rental cost facilities 52000
utilities cost factory 36000
Depreciation, production equipment 75000
Insurance, factory 9000
(-) WIP closing stock 30000
cost of goods manufactured 680000
(20000 units in june quarter)
cost of goods manufactured unit 34000
Cost of goods sold account
Particulars Amount
opening stock of finished goods -
cost of goods manufactured 680000
total goods available for sale 680000
(-) closing stock 4000 units 136000
cost of goods sold 544000
(ii)
Income statement for the quarter ending
june30
Particulars Amount Amount
sales revenue (16000 units) 975000
(-) COGS
opening stock of finished goods -
cost of goods manufactured 680000
total goods available for sale 680000
(-) closing stock of 4000 units 136000
cost of goods sold 544000
gross profit 431000
(-) operating cost
selling and admin salaries 90000
deprecistion office equipment 18000
rent selling and admin 13000
utilities selling and admin 4000
advertising 200000
travel sales 60000

total operating cost 385000
net profit 46000
Question 3
(a)
Total cost of production
Particulars Amount
Direct materials 60
Direct labour 40
Variable production cost 20
Fixed production cost 20
Full production cost 140
Income statement
Particulars May June
Sales 25000 18750
Less: Cost of sales
Direct materials 6000 4800
Direct labour 4000 3200
Variable production cost 2000 1600
Fixed production cost 2000 1600
Opening stock 0 0
Closing stock 0 700
Under/Over absorption 0 400
Gross profit 11000 7850
Less: Expenses
Variable sales commission 500 375
Fixed administration 3000 3000
Fixed selling 1000 1000
Net profit 6500 3475

(b)
Total cost of production
Particulars Amount
Direct materials 60
Direct labour 40
Variable production cost 20
Full production cost 120
Income statement
Particulars May June
Sales 25000 18750
Less: Variable cost
Direct materials 6000 4800
Direct labour 4000 3200
Variable production cost 2000 1600
Opening stock 0 0
Closing stock 0 600
Variable sales commission 500 375
Contribution 12500 9375
Less: Fixed cost
Fixed production 2000 2000
Fixed administration 3000 3000
Fixed selling 1000 1000
Net profit 6500 3375
Question 5
(a)
Statement of Relevant Cost
Make Buy
Direct Material $210,000 -

Direct Labor $150,000 -
Variable Manufacturing Overhead $45,000 -
Fixed Manufacturing Overhead(Traceable) $30,000 -
(90,000 × 1/3)
Purchase Cost (15,000 units @$35 p.u.) - $525,000
Total Relevant Cost $435,000 $525,000
The engines should be produced instead of buying and the offer should not be accepted as it
leads to increase in costs by $90,000($525,000 - $435,000).
(b)
Statement of Relevant Cost
Make Buy
Cost of making $435,000 -
Cost of buying - $525,000
Opportunity Cost - segment margin for the new product $150,000 -
Total Relevant Cost $585,000 $525,000
The engines should be bought instead of producing and the offer should be accepted as it leads to
savings in costs by $60,000($585,000 - $525,000).
(c)
Incremental costs: They are the additional costs involved with producing one additional
product, and it only analyses those costs that are expected to vary as a function of a given
condition, while the remaining are deemed insignificant. It is defined as an additional expense
faced by a company as a consequence of pricing adjustments associated with production,
equipment and technological upgrades, or the installation of a supplementary product, for
instance.
Opportunity cost- When an individual says regarding the "opportunity cost" of an item,
they're talking to the valuation of the product's next-highest-valued substitute utilisation. If
someone devotes a bunch of money going to the films, for example, you won't be able to expend

additional hours reading textbooks at home or use the money on something else. If reading this
book should be your next best option after seeing the movie, the opportunity cost of seeing the
movie is the value of ticket and furthermore the fun that would lose out on by not reading the
textbooks.