UI/UX Design Report: UI/UX Design Principles, Tools, and Testing

This report delves into the core concepts of User Interface (UI) and User Experience (UX) design, differentiating between the two and highlighting their importance in creating effective digital products. It provides real-world examples of successful UX implementations, such as Rover, PayPal, and Starbucks, illustrating how these companies leverage design to enhance user satisfaction and engagement. The report also explores various usability testing methods, including first-click testing, contextual interviews, and online surveys, outlining their methodologies and applications. Furthermore, it assesses standard UI/UX design tools like card sorting, use cases, personas, wireframes, and mockups, discussing their functions, advantages, and disadvantages. The report is structured to provide a solid understanding of UI/UX principles, tools, and testing methodologies, making it a valuable resource for students and professionals in the field.

Running head: USER INTERFACE
User Interface
[Name of the Student]
[Name of the University]
[Author note]

1USER INTERFACE
User Interface design:
User interface design or the UI design is generally associated with referring to the elements
visual layout with which a user might interact within a database or a technological product. This
might be including a control button present in a radio or the visual layout of the webpage
(Choma et al. 2016)
. UI is generally defined as the design of the user interfaces which the machines or
software are having and is mainly focused upon the maximization of the usability as well as the
user experiences, the main goal of the UI design is aimed at making an user interaction simple
along with efficient so as to accomplish the goals of an user.
User Experience Design:
User Experience Design is generally defined as the process associated with the
enhancement of the user satisfaction regarding a product by means of making improvements in
the usability as well as in the accessibility and the desirability which are generally provided
during the process of interacting with a product (Yu and Kong 2016). The UX design is
associated with encompassing all the aspects of a particular product or a service as per the
process of perceiving by the users. Experience design generally refers to the practice related to
the designing of the products along with the process, services, events, the Omni channel journeys
and the environments with a focus which is placed upon the experience quality and the solutions
which are culturally relevant.

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Difference between UX Design and UI Design:
The UX design is soothing which is seen to done at first rather that the UI Design.
Designers are seen to be associated with working upon certain features which are seen to be
preferred by the users which is followed by working upon the design looks (Shneiderman et al.
2016). This work would be helping in making the design eye-catching along with making it
enjoyable.
Besides the UX is seen to be associated with making the interface functional whereas the
UI is associated with making the design look beautiful (Lewis 2016). UX is seen to be associated
with focusing upon the providing of products which would be helping the users in achieving
their goals whereas the UI is associated with helping the experiences become joyful.
From the above discussion it can be stated that the UX is associated with considering the
overall experience of the users regarding a product whereas the UI is considered to be element
which is seen by the users along with interacting with that element.
User experience examples:
Below are the listed major illustration of the websites which have used the UX design:
1. Rover: Usage of Reviews for Building Trust
Dogs are seen to be more than pets in a family so whenever there is a need of leaving town or
going somewhere without the dog then the owners always needs someone who would take
good care of their pets in the best way possible. This is where the Rover gets involved and
the website is not only associated with picking a dog sitter but also books one along with the
making the owner feel good related to the choice by means of online reviews as well as photo
updates while the owner is gone. The thing that is understood by rover about its users is how

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much important the aspect of trust is, particularly when the owners come to keep their dogs
in the hand of the stranger for a certain time.
2. Paypal: Letting the Simplicity to Rule:
The site of Paypal before rolling out of the redesigned website in the year of 2014 had a
website which was very complex. But after 2014 Paypal had been entirely associated with
the process of simplifying the entire website and the mobile application experience as well.
Different kind of John Maeda’s Laws of Simplicity are seen to be associated with playing a
very vital role over here which includes the reduction, organizing positioning, creation of
context, addition of meanings and saving of time.
3. Starbucks: Making it personal:
Starbucks is seen to be associated with the usage of a smart personalization in their mobile
applications so as to order online by means of understanding the purchase history and
patterns of the users. Human beings are the creatures who are seen to be having a habit and
are often associated with doing repeat ordering of the same things or being associated with
rotating of their orders from a short list of things. For this reason it becomes easy for most of
the people to pick in an easy way from the list of items which they have ordered previously
rather than using the entire menu.
Types of Usability tests:
First Click Testing:
First Click Testing is the Usability test which is associated with examining what the test
participants would be clicking at first in the interface for the purpose of completing the task that

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they intend to do (Roth 2015). This can also be performed upon the functioning website which is
a prototype or a wireframe.
Contextual Interview:
This is the test which includes interviews and at the time of interviews the researchers are
associated with watching and listening to the work of the users in their respective environment as
opposed to be existing in the labs. The contextual interviews are tending to be more natural as
well as realistic as a result this are generally seen to be less formal than the tests conducted in the
labs and are not associated with usage of any kind of tasks or contexts (Mori 2017). In contextual
interviews the tester is associated with watching along with listening to the works of the users
and in this the tester is not associated with giving the user with a task or a specific scenario.
Surveys:
The online survey is a type of test which is having a structured questionnaire along with a
target audience and is completed over the internet generally by means of filling out of forms.
Online surveys might be seen to be varying in length as well as format. The data gathered from
eth surveys are stored in the databases and the survey tools are generally associated with
providing of some level of analysis of the data along with the review which are obtained from
eth trained experts (Ludolph 2018). One of the major benefits is that online surveys are
associated with helping the companies in having a broad database of audience at a very little cost
and this is not possible while conducting the traditional surveys.
P2 Assess standard tools available for use in User Experience and Interface Design

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Card Sorting:
Card sorting is considered to be the method associated with helping the users in designing
and evaluating the information architecture of a particular site (Low, Hui and See 2015). The
card sorting sessions are seen to be consisting of the participants who are associated with
organizing themselves into categories which are associated with making sense for them along
with helping in labeling of the groups, for conducting the sorting of the cards, actual cards can be
used or pieces of paper or any of the several existing online card-sorting software tools.
Pros:
 Card sorting is simple
 This techniques is cheap
 This technique is fast
 This technique is seen to be focused around the users
 This technique is well recognized amongst public
Cons:
 Card sorting techniques is associated with ignoring of certain tasks
 The card sorting technique is seen to be variable
 The card sorting technique is associate with taking a lot of time
 The card sorting technique might not be associated with going deep into the problem
which is to be solved.
Use Cases:
Use Case is generally defined as the written description of the process related to how the
users would be performing their task in the respective websites. Besides this the use cases is

6USER INTERFACE
associated with outlining of the behavior of a system from the perspective of a user when it is
associated with responding to the request (Harte et al. 2017). Each of the use case is associated
with representing a sequential steps which are simple and begins with the goal of the users and
ends with the fulfilling of the goals.
Pros
 This acts as a powerful technique in the process of elicitation and documentation of the
functional requirements.
 Due to the fact that the use cases are written in natural language, they are easy to
understand along with providing of an excellent way related to communicating with
customers and users.
 Associated with providing of an objective meaning for the project tracking which
involved the defining of the earned value in terms of use cases implemented, tested, and
delivered.
Cons
 Use cases are seen to be not oriented around an object and is associated with capturing of
the functional abstraction which are major and might lead to different kind problems
related to the functional decomposition that object technology was to avoid.
 All systems of the Use cases are not having actors and systems and this might be
including a signification functionality which is not a reaction to an actor's input.
 Another major problem faced by use case modeling is not knowing when to stop.

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Personas:
The main aim of the persona includes the creation of a reliable as well as realistic representation
of the key audience segments for the reference (Nagata, Yamazaki and Inoue 2018). This type of
representation should be dependent upon the qualitative as well as upon some quantitative user
researches and web analytics as well. It is to be remembered that personas are as good as the
research done upon them.
Pros:
 Oftentimes the persona is associated with not requiring any kind of additional costs.
 Creation process is quick as well as easy usage of the already existing.
Cons:
The user persona is generally considered to be non-real is entire hypothetical. This cannot be
used for gathering any kind of additional information about then not is associated with asking
question.
Wireframes:
This is one of the visual representation of an application or webpage before it is built.
This can be represented by different levels of fidelity (Hsiao et al. 2017). There exists a huge
number of wire framing tools which are available and are having varying degrees of
sophistication.
Pros:
 Allows in seeing the visual representation of the components which would be fitted into
the application or webpage.

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 This is much more efficient than other tech developments because of the time consumed
is seen to be less
 Acts as a helpful visual tool for assisting in the process of communication between the
developers and stakeholders,
Cons:
Considering at minimum the lo-fi wireframes are associated with sketching which in turn
acts as an essential part of any workflow (Le 2019). Because of being crucial in the process of
determining the layout along with the flow of any project or communication is done visually for
the development team as well as for the stakeholders.
Mock Ups:
The manufacturing process along with the designing process is associated with including
the mockups. Mockups is generally defined as the scale or a full-size model of a design or a
device which is used for the purpose of teaching or demonstrating or evaluating the design or
promoting it or for any other purpose. So the mockups can be defined as the prototype in case if
it is associated with providing of at least parts of the functionality of a system which is followed
by enabling of the design testing. This are generally designed for the purpose of acquiring
feedbacks from the users.
Pros:
 Associated with helping in designing the most effective product (Moquillaza et al. 2018)
 Helps in gaining of confidence related to the design before the codes are added to the design
 Helps in saving money as well as resources by making use of paper mockups

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 Associated with encouraging the communication as well as collaboration with the digital
mockups
 Associated with validating the design by making use of the right tools
Cons:
 Difficulty in making everyone understanding what the mock ups can and cannot do
(Kaasinen et al. 2015)
 Includes too many cooks such as wireframe, mockups and prototype
 Conders the best one which is suitable for the requirements of the project
 High fidelity associated with providing of visual confirmation for the clients
 Mockups are not associated with helping in demonstrating the flow of navigations.
P5 Examine appropriate tools to develop a user interface.
WordPress:
WordPress is considered to be a free as well as open source content Management system
dependent upon the PHP and MySQL. The features of this is associated with including plugin
arechitecture along with a template system (Oulasvirta 2017). This is mostly associated with the
blogging but is also associated with supporting different type of web contents as well. WordPress
is considered to be most popular website management system which is being used and is also
seen to be used for other applications as well like the pervasive display systems.
Pros:
 Open source software associated with providing freedom of tweaking and changing the
little things in a site
 Easy to use

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 Little cost or might be free.
 The SEO or the search Engine Optimization is associated with getting more traffic to the
user site
Cons
 The permissions are seen to be limited for making changes in the site
 Lack of customer support
 Vulnerability to security risks are high
Joomla:
Joomla is considered to be an open-source content which is absolutely free and is used for the
purpose of publishing the web contents which are developed by the Open Source Matters, Inc.
This is generally built on a model-view-controller web application framework which can be used
in an independent manner irrespective of the Content Management System (Schrepp, Hinderks
and Thomaschewski 2017). Joomla! Is generally written in the PHP and is associate with the
usage of the OOP or object oriented programming techniques along with software design
patterns and stores the data in a MySQL, MS SQL or in the PostgreSQL.
Pros:
 Not too much developer oriented
 Flexible Content as well as Structure
 Handful existence of e-commerce extensions
 Is an open-source platform

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Cons:
 Joomla is slightly complex in nature than wordpress making it difficult to get
incorporated
 Consists of a small module Marketplace which means it has a limited marketplace for the
additional modules and add-ons.
WIX:
Wix.com Ltd is one of the cloud based web development platform existing in Israrli
which was firstly developed and popularized by the Israeli company known as the Wix. This is
associated with allowing the users in creating a HTML5 websites along mobile websites by
usage of the online drag and drop tool. Users might eb associated with adding functionalities like
the social plug-ins, e-commerce, online marketing, contact forums and many more to their
websites by making use of the different kind of Wix developed along with the third party
applications.
Pros
 Free to use by anyone
 Facility of easy drag and drop
 Existence of high quality templates which are pre designed.
 Existence of responsive design along with optimized templates
Cons:
 Wix is not perfect for larger websites
 All the functionalities and features cannot be accessed by using the free site
 Own design ideas cannot be implemented