Assessing UK Contractors' Adherence to Health and Safety Practices

This dissertation explores the extent to which UK contractors comply with health and safety best practices within the construction industry. It begins by outlining the background of the study, including the prevalence of workplace injuries and illnesses in construction and the importance of adhering to safety measures. The research aims to determine best practices, assess contractor compliance, and investigate the importance of these practices for effective project management. A literature review examines existing research on health and safety practices, compliance levels among UK contractors, and the benefits of proper safety adoption. The study employs a quantitative research method, utilizing primary and secondary data to analyze compliance levels and identify areas for improvement. The findings highlight the need for enhanced training, designated machine operators, regular site inspections, and proactive safety measures to reduce workplace accidents and promote a safer construction environment. The dissertation concludes with recommendations for improving health and safety compliance and ensuring better construction project outcomes.

Master of Science
In
Construction Project Management
Dissertation
By
Built Environment
“How well do UK Contractors comply
with best practice in health and safety?”

Abstract
The current report is based on the topic of the determine about the best practises in health
and safety along with analysing that how well do UK contractors comply with these best practice
in health and safety. Further, the main purpose of current study is to evaluate about the best
practises in health and safety that need to be comply by the contractors within the construction
industry of UK along with determining that how well do the UK contractors comply with best
practice in health and safety. Beside this, use of both primary as well as secondary sources of
information has been made within current study to ensure and lead out an ample amount of
information for current research work. Beside this, use of the quantitative nature of research
method has been made within current study which supports better and easy collection of the fact
and also supported improved presentation and analysis of the collected information with the help
of tables and charts. Along with this, current study also tends to provide importance of proper
compliance and adoption of the health and safety practises by the contractor to ensure better
construction project management along with effective recommendation about the ways which
support improved health and safety levels.

Table of Contents
Topic: How well do UK contractors comply with best practice in health and safety.....................1
1. INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................1
1.1. Background of the study..................................................................................................1
1.2. Research aim and objective.............................................................................................2
1.3. Rationale for selection of topic........................................................................................2
1.4. Research questions..........................................................................................................3
2. Review of previous work and relevant theory (Literature Review)............................................3
2.1. Best practises in health and safety that need to be comply by the contractors within the
construction industry of UK...................................................................................................4
2.2. How well do the UK contractors comply with best practice in health and safety...........6
2.3. Need and importance of proper compliance and adoption of the health and safety
practises by the contractor to ensure better construction project management......................8
3. Method of investigation and data acquisition (Research methodology)....................................12
4. Analysis, results and findings....................................................................................................21
5. Interpretation and Discussion....................................................................................................25
6. Conclusions and recommendations............................................................................................42
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................47

Topic: How well do UK contractors comply with best practice in health and
safety
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background of the study
The best practises in health and safety are considered and related with the preventing of
people and individuals from the getting being harmed and hurt during work or becoming ill due
to unsatisfactory working environment or lack of right precautions. Further, it has been seen and
analysed that the construction industry comprises of use of many big machinery and other
dangerous and hazardous situation which leads to higher chances of workplace accident and
injuries. The risk and hazardous situation that are prevailing at the construction site comprises of
working at height along with the Burns, Electrocution, Eye injury, including vision impairment
or blindness, broken bones, Knee and ankle injury and Neck, shoulder or back injury. Therefore,
adoption and implication of the health and safety best practises within the construction industry
by the project contractor become vital and essential to decrease the injury along with negative
effects on the health of the workers and public. The vital health and safety measures that can be
taken by contractor at the workplace and construction site tend to comprises of the Wearing of
the PPE at all times, do not start work without an induction, keep a tidy site, do not put at risk,
follow safety signs and procedures, never work in unsafe areas and Report defects and near
misses. Along with this, raising awareness and promoting accountability towards health and
safety and enforcing self responsibility and introduce regular meeting to promote health and
safety are also vital that supports and leads to more safe and healthy construction site.
It has been seen and analysed that a larger number of workers get injured and seriously ill
because of unsatisfactory health and safety precautions at the construction site by the contractor
within UK. As per the 2018/19 reporting year and by the RIDDOR data shows there were 69,208
company-reported non-fatal workplace injuries to employees within Great Britain along with a
review of the fact as per the Labour Force Survey (LFS) data which reports another 581,000 self-
reported injuries that leads to total 650,208 workplace injuries for the year (Workplace Injury
Statistics UK 2021, 2021). Along with this, it has been also seen and reviewed that the
construction sites are usually unstable by nature, and according to the Bureau of Labour
Statistics, over one-quarter of construction workers have been injured on the job (The 10 Most
1

Common Construction Accidents, 2015). Furthermore, injuries from construction accidents often
cause very serious injuries, and these accidents may even be fatal. Therefore, current study is
focusing on analysing that how well do UK contractors comply with best practice in health and
safety in order to ensure better construction project management along with reduction in injuries
and illness. The main objective and aim of the current study are provided as below:
1.2. Research aim and objective
Research aim
The main of current study is, “To determine about the best practises in health and safety
along with analysing that how well do UK contractors comply with these best practice in health
and safety”.
Research Objectives
Following are the main objectives that are being reviewed and analysed within the
current study:
 To evaluate about the best practises in health and safety that need to be comply by the
contractors within the construction industry of UK.
 To analysis that how well do the UK contractors comply with best practice in health and
safety.
 To investigate about the importance of proper compliance and adoption of the health and
safety practises by the contractor to ensure better construction project management.
1.3. Rationale for selection of topic
The selection of the current research topic based on “How well do UK contractors comply
with best practice in health and safety” is effective as many risk and threats are prevailing within
the construction project that have negative impact on health and safety of workers which
comprises of Slips and trips, Noise, Hand and vibration syndrome, Materials handling,
Unintended collapse, Asbestos, Airborne fibres and toxins and use of Electricity. Thus,
maintaining and compliance of best prcatises in health and safety has become crucial and vital to
have reduction in injury and illness during a construction project. Along with this, undertaking
current study is also vital and rationale from the personal view point of the researcher as it meets
personal and academic purpose along with supporting improved educational qualification. At the
same time, the current study also ensures improved skills and competency level along with
improved knowledge and understanding for researcher and other scholar.
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1.4. Research questions
Main research question
 How well do UK contractors comply with best practice in health and safety?
Subsidiary research questions
Along with the main question following additional question are also analysed and
reviewed during the current study to ensure better achievement of set objective and support
findings for research questions.
 What are the best practises in health and safety that need to be complying by the
contractors within the construction industry of UK?
 Why it is needed and important to have proper compliance and adoption of the health and
safety practises by the contractor to ensure better construction project management?
2. Review of previous work and relevant theory (Literature Review).
Literature review is considered as the crucial area which should be discussed that would
further aids in identifying appropriate guidance by help of relevant information. Moreover, it is
undertaken as one of the effectual portions of dissertation which would assists in performing
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deep investigation by that final conclusion might be attained precisely. In addition to this, it
would aid into explanation, summary, determination and elucidation of literature into efficient
manner (Barros, Matos and Sarmento, 2020). Additionally, respective dissertation section
includes research questions in which investigation would be executed in efficacious manner.
Also, respective part would be attained via by accumulating information by secondary sources
such as books, online sites, journals and others.
This incorporates the evaluation as well as determination of secondary data set that is
associated with particular topics for facilitating effective nearness and acknowledgement
regarding that. Moreover, Literature review develops an essential part of each dissertation as this
is crucial to determine as well as evaluate regarding set topics and their intent to formulate a base
and structure for upcoming research. Additionally, the present literature review for respective
dissertation depends upon evaluation of online articles as well as reliable journal related with
research topics that is “To determine about the best practises in health and safety along with
analysing that how well do UK contractors comply with these best practice in health and safety”.
2.1. Best practises in health and safety that need to be comply by the contractors within the
construction industry of UK.
As per the view point of Pardo-Ferreira (2020), Health and safety practices are essential at
all industry. Moreover, it is also a vital consideration for any project of construction. Not just for
keeping the firm’s personnel safe (It is much crucial reason for health as well as safety), but also
for complying with norms. Generally, when a health and safety regulations utilises for
construction work, the regulations is generally enforced through HSE, who enforced authority
upon construction sites. In addition to this, construction entities who are performing into
construction industry should always assures that whole health and safety practices has been
undertaken before they step forward upon respective site. Additionally, health and safety into
construction are specifically vital as sector is prone for hazardous circumstances as well as may
be dangerous at times. According to the statistics, it represents that 3% of whole construction
staff into United Kingdom sustain a work-related injury as well as about 4% are suffer from
work related illness. Along with this, it may drive towards large loss into working hours and also
states that employees are not happy into its job roles.
Furthermore, the best practises in health and safety are considered and related with the
preventing of people and individuals from the getting being harmed and hurt during work or
4

becoming ill due to unsatisfactory working environment or lack of right precautions. Further, it
has been seen and analysed that the construction industry comprises of use of many big
machinery and other dangerous and hazardous situation which leads to higher chances of
workplace accident and injuries. The risk and hazardous situation that are prevailing at the
construction site comprises of working at height along with the Burns, Electrocution, Eye injury,
including vision impairment or blindness, broken bones, Knee and ankle injury and Neck,
shoulder or back injury (Boadu, Wang and Sunindijo, 2020). Therefore, adoption and implication
of the health and safety best practises within the construction industry by the project contractor
become vital and essential to decrease the injury along with negative effects on the health of the
workers and public So, some of the best practices into health and safety which needs to be
comply through contractors within UK construction industry are discussed below:
 Facilitate health and safety training: Whole construction staff should have fuller
awareness of probable hazards as well as safety aspects that is prior to enter sites. So,
before firm enable employees or subcontractors upon sites of construction, appropriate
safety training is essential (Mordue and Finch, 2019). Although various staff of
construction obtain knowledge of sites as this is crucial that it have effective training
before hand. In addition to this, Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
have several health and safety training tips and online resources which may form safety
education simply for their contracted workers. Have appropriately trained and designated machine operators: This is undertaken as
one of the essential best practices of health and safety for construction sector is to have
designated a heavy equipments operator that undergoes particular training. Moreover, this
is extremely vital for performing effectual training for operative machinery. In addition to
this, the huge or much difficult machines so that training should be also deep. Sometimes
as easy as to get in and out of machinery may be fatal so more training is effective.
 Furthermore, falls are regarded as the leading reason of fatalities within construction
(Salguero, 2020). Additionally, staffs have to be trained upon how to perform heavy
machinery such as deck screens, belt feeders, ladders, elevators and many more even if
this seems to be laid off. Rather than this, employees have to be evaluated in periodic
basis for assuring that machinery is being managed appropriately. Also, this is vital to
keep non-operators that is away from machinery work areas.
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 Execute effective housekeeping practices: The housekeeping as well as worksite safety
go hand-in-hand should form one of the much essential safety practices in construction
sites. Moreover, the housekeeping practices mainly implies that work areas have to be
kept in organised, hazard free situation and uncluttered. It is vital element to workplace
safety as well as few times this is disregarded. Along with this, ineffective housekeeping
may contribute towards on-site accidents (Umeokafor, Evangelinos and Windapo, 2020).
Additionally, the sites of construction have to be cleaned of any debris, dust, spills and
clutter. Also, entities is just as crucial as cleanliness, with effective housekeeping
practices, accidents such as slip on wet surface or elegant upon movable items may be
obviated. Apart from this, keeping the site clean as well as arranged is known to be
continuous practices and have to be performed across the whole day.
 Appropriate on site Equipment: In addition to appropriate safety training staff have to be
trained in utilisation of equipment. Moreover, to develop a working culture that is centred
on safety of construction site should facilitate staff with effective working equipment.
Additionally, employees have to wear effective personal protective equipment (PPE).
This gear is developed for enduring rough situation as well as hazards (5 Best Practices
for Construction Safety, 2021).
2.2. How well do the UK contractors comply with best practice in health and safety?
It can be stated that the contractors in the United Kingdom very well comply with the best
practice in health as well as safety. This is because they are very much concerned about the
health as well as safety of the employees. Both the contractor and their employees are
accountable below fitness and protection law. ... You should then each come together to take into
account risks from each other's paintings that may effect fitness and protection of each other.
Contractors should be made aware about the dangers from your activities and the controls you
have got in place. Construction websites are inherently unsafe locations to paintings, however
greater may be accomplished to comply with fitness and safety policies. Establishing fitness and
protection nice exercise and efficaciously speaking it on your body of workers is a first rate
region to begin.
While it falls to employers to make sure a safe surroundings, every person is at least
partially accountable for their personal safety. Therefore, fitness and protection fine practice
should be promoted in a manner that resonates with employees and encourages them to stay
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engaged. Managing this advantageous organisation ethos allows to boost productivity and
morale. This is why communication is so vital to a group – knowledgeable, engaged personnel
are statistically much less in all likelihood to be afflicted by place of job injuries. The contractors
are concerned about ensuring the overall efficiency as well as safety of the overall employees as
well as team members.
In addition to this attachment underlined that UK contractors are effectively complying with best
practices in health and safety they make sure that all employees are exposed with proper health
and safety. It has been evaluated that they are executing their roles and responsibilities in a safer
environment. In addition to this it has been identified that health and safety is acting as an
important provision in workplace structure irrespective of their size, scope and industrial sector.
From the analysis it has been identified that employees based on project or office site have
fundamental guide to operate their roles and responsibilities in which their health and safety risk
are controlled in an effective manner. In context with UK contractors they are well aware with
the concept of health and safety culture in which UK contractor business managers possess
various forms of documented policies and undertake regular health and safety checks as come
compared to other countries in European Union. Furthermore, it has been identified that
contractor in the provinces of United Kingdom undertaker various measures to mitigate risk.
They effectively understand the importance and effectiveness of Health and safety policies and
efficiently implement rules and regulations with successful communication, along with greater
employee engagement practices in order to make employees perform their business operations in
a save environment. In addition to this site has been identified that UK contractor believes in
promoting health and safety throughout the organisation. This will significantly help them to
make sure that employees in an organisation workplace duly engage with policies. UK
contractors implement best practice methods in order to fulfil their aim towards making
improvement in health and safety promotion in organisation. Mentioned below there are some
measures that has been undertaken by UK contractors which helps them to effectively comply
with the best practice in health and safety:
Risk assessment
UK contractors conduct risk assessment in an effective manner within an organisation for
pay structure and make sure that significant work activities are being followed. With the five
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steps to risk assessment in which they identify hazards that can affect employee and further
considered the manner in which health or harm can be controlled (Alhanouti and Farrell, 2021).
In addition to this United Kingdom contractors also implement control measures and implement
them in order to eliminate or manage risk in a well defined and effective manner.
Specific training to employees
In order to make employees aware about their health and safety rights contractors in
United Kingdom efficiently communicate information about workplace activity hazards needs to
employees and implement various documentation and risk assessment activities, in order to make
sure that healthy and safe environment is being provided to employees. In addition to this it has
been identified then contractors in United Kingdom also provide specific training to employees
which is the best practices in health and safety that has been complied by UK contractors.
Regularly review health and safety in workplace
Contractors in United Kingdom regularly review health and safety in workplace and
identify that there is specially review those areas which is in high risk. In this contractors
constantly change the measure and policies to overcome risk. In this contractors adjust
procedure, introduced new equipment and make individual aware about them. Furthermore, it
has been identified that UK contractors legally manage health and safety especially in response
to any changes within workplace (Appiah-Kubi, 2021). Furthermore, they undertake subsequent
changes or updates to health and safety information in a well-defined and effective manner.
According to the above mentioned analysis it has been identified that in order to manage
health and safety UK contractors effectively comply with best practices in which contractors
efficiently accesses policies, procedures and practices and efficiently adhere them with the help
of risk assessment in order to identify casual or potential hazards (Stiles, Golightly and Ryan,
2021). In addition to this contractor also provide information to employees about their health and
safety rights. Furthermore, it has been underline that UK contractors are well aware with their
legal duties and plan, manage and monitor subcontractors or worker in an effective manner and
further provide the necessary knowledge, skills, training and experience. In addition to this it has
been evaluated the UK contractors adhere best practices such as planning, managing, monitoring,
considering all health and safety risk, communicate health and safety information to parties,
prepare construction phase plan and provide welfare facilities. It has been underlined that UK
8

contractor make sure that all the welfare facilities are being provided to employees and sure the
safety health and fair treatment of workers. With the help of these practices and policies UK
contractors effectively comply with best practices in health and safety and sure that workers or
employees are performing their roles and responsibilities in positive healthy and save
environment.
2.3. Need and importance of proper compliance and adoption of the health and safety practises
by the contractor to ensure better construction project management.
Quality control and safety constitute more and more essential worries for venture
managers. Defects or screw ups in built facilities can result in very large prices. Even with minor
defects, re-production may be required and facility operations impaired. Increased prices and
delays are the result. In the worst case, failures may also reason private injuries or fatalities.
Accidents at some point of the development method can in addition result in private accidents
and huge costs. Indirect fees of coverage, inspection and law are increasing rapidly due to these
extended direct prices. Good project managers try to make certain that the job is executed proper
the first time and that no important injuries occur on the venture. As with cost control, the most
critical decisions regarding the excellent of a completed facility are made at some stage in the
design and planning levels rather than at some point of production. It is at some point of these
initial ranges that element configurations, cloth specifications and purposeful overall
performance are decided. Quality manipulate throughout creation consists in large part of
insuring conformance to those authentic layouts and making plans decisions.
While conformance to present layout choices is the number one attention of satisfactory
manipulate, there are exceptions to this rule. First, unforeseen instances, wrong layout selections
or changes favoured with the aid of an owner inside the facility feature may require re-
assessment of layout selections in the course of the direction of production. While those
adjustments can be prompted by way of the priority for best, they constitute activities for re-
layout with all the attendant targets and constraints (Ndlovu-Gatsheni, 2019). As a seond case, a
few designs depend upon informed and suitable decision making in the course of the
construction process itself. For instance, some tunnelling techniques make decisions
approximately the amount of shoring required at unique places based upon statement of soil
situations at some stage in the tunnelling method. Since such choices are based on better
statistics concerning actual website online conditions, the facility design can be more price
9

powerful as a end result. A range of various businesses are viable for pleasant and safety manage
all through production. One commonplace model is to have a collection responsible for
satisfactory assurance and some other group generally accountable for protection within an
organisation. In big agencies, departments committed to excellent guarantee and to protection
may assign unique people to count on duty for these functions on particular tasks. For smaller
tasks, the challenge manager or an assistant may expect these and different duties. In either case,
insuring secure and best creation is a challenge of the project manager in universal fee of the task
further to the issues of employees, value, time and other management troubles.
Inspectors and employees will be involved in a project to represent a ramification of
different agencies. Each of the events immediately worried with the project can also have their
own best and protection inspectors, including the owner, the engineer/architect, and the
numerous constructor corporations. These inspectors can be contractors from specialised great
warranty agencies. In addition to on-website inspections, samples of substances will generally be
examined by way of specialized laboratories to insure compliance. Inspectors to insure
compliance with regulatory necessities may also be involved. Common examples are inspectors
for the neighbourhood government's constructing branch, for environmental organizations, and
for occupational health and protection organizations.
It is essential to promote safety and health in organisational workplace in order to effectively
retain employees for longer period of time. According to Maslow hierarchy theory safety and
health is among one of the basic needs of an individual or employer. In this it is essential for
organisation to make sure that they effectively satisfy need of employees in order to provide
them a safer place to work. Furthermore, it has been underlying that it is fundamental duty of
employer to provide a workplace environment which is healthy and safe in which risk are
controlled in effective manner. It is essential for UK based contractor managers to have proper
understanding of all the laws and legal requirements and process document, policies and
undertake regular form of health and safety needs (Rajabov, 2019). In addition to this in order to
provide healthy and safe for workplace environment. Successful communication and employee
engagement plays important role in this with the help of providing information about health and
safety standard that has been undertaken by organisation proper security to them can be
provided. It is essential for United Kingdom contractors to have specific health and safety
agreement and effectively plan, manage and monitor the construction phase of a project, while
10

considering all health and safety risk that can be arise during the project with the help of risk
assessment safe workplace environment can be provided to employees. Proper compliance and
adoption of health and safety practices is important and essential by contractors in order to
ensure better construction project management (Sing and Misra, 2021). In this they can not only
communicate health and safety information policies to other parties those who are involved in
project including client but can also engage and consult with workers regarding health
environmental safety and welfare related matters. It is important to prepare construction plan
while identifying all the regulation needs and detail the manner in which health and safety risk
will be managed throughout the construction stage of the project. It is essential to provide
facilities in which it is important to make sure that health safety and fair treatment to workers can
be provided in effective manner. Furthermore, it has been underlined that it is essential to
consider that workers are suitable, skilled and qualified for the project and they are provided with
project and site information in a well-defined and effective manner.
Thus according to the above mentioned analysis it has been identified that for contractor in
order to ensure a better construction management proper compliance and adoption of health and
safety practices plays important role. In this it is needed to accomplish construction project in
effective manner without any fatalities. Construction industry is among one of the industries
which is highly exposed towards mental as well as physical risk on simultaneous basis. In this
with the help of proper compliance and adoption of health and safety practices contractor can
effectively make sure that all the health and safety compliance is being followed which not only
helps in enhancing overall satisfaction of employees but will also encourage them to work in
more effective manner. It has been underlined that adoption of health and safety practices will
not only assure contractor to maintain all the legal and safety standards in organisational and
construction site but will also help them to maximize employees for safety and satisfaction level.
It will significantly help them to perform their roles and responsibilities in a well-defined and
effective manner (Ebekozien, 2021). Compliance and adoption of health and safety practices
significantly allow employees to operate their responsibilities in more effective manner. This
helps them to retain with organisation for longer period of time, as if contractor ensure that all
the employees work in a safe and healthy environment then they required to be efficient towards
their work. Thus, it has been underlined that it is significantly needed and important for proper
compliance as well as adoption of health and safety practices. This will help contractor to
11

enhance project effectiveness while managing employees in a well-defined and effective manner.
The subsequently maximize overall growth of employees on simultaneous bases which
effectively maximize overall rate of production and efficiency of project (Guinchard, 2021).
With the help of adhering all the proper compliances and adoption of health and safety practices
contractor can ensure that overall project management effectiveness can be significantly
enhanced along with employee’s productivity and performance.
Thus, according to the above mentioned literature review it has been identified that United
Kingdom contractors effectively comply with the best practices in health and safety and comply
by contractors within the construction industry of United Kingdom. It has been identified from
this literature review that they facilitate health and safety training, have appropriate training as
well as design machine operators and effectively execute housekeeping practices. Furthermore, it
has been identified that they measure that appropriate side equipment and make sure that it
provided to employees or staff and they real effective personal protection equipment’s in order to
make them protective against any hazard. This literature review identifies that with the help of
implementing effective measures, undertaking health and safety policies, providing welfare
facilities preparing construction phase plan, communicating health and safety information to
other parties and considering all health and safety risk UK contractors adhere best practices in
health and safety to ensure better construction project management, in order to enhance the
effectiveness of these practices (Ratnam, 2019). It is essential to understand the importance of
proper compliance as well as adoption of Health and safety practices, in this contractors are
required to emphasize more upon quality control measures, provide remittance and undertake use
of technology in order to provide more efficient and safe environment to employees.
3. Method of investigation and data acquisition (Research methodology)
Research methodology is regarded as the crucial part of dissertation. Additionally, this is
essentially categorised as organized or textual analysis of methods which are considerably used
to investigate area and includes primarily abstractive or analytical evaluation of conceptual body
12

associated with particular background of understandings (Pattiruhu and PAAIS, 2020).
Moreover, it is beneficial to form essence of studies to render an effectual direction in forming
efficient methodology options for accomplishing results that generates interest for investigator
and for others. This section of dissertation mainly focuses on various methods that direct whole
research effectively to develop reliable and relevant results. In addition to this, to perform vital
research on specific topic investigator considers quantitative method. So, the selected research
area is boarder and appropriate selection, valuable results can be obtained by guiding overall
research efficiently and efficaciously. Beside it, Research Methodology is undertaken as the
methods which aids in accumulating some information based upon research areas. Moreover, the
key intent of utilising research methodology is assisting investigator to collect valid as well as
relevant information. In addition to this, there are various forms of research methods which are
much helpful for gathering authentic and reliable data into lesser time duration. Additionally,
this aids in evaluating valid as well as relevant data related to accomplish aims and objectives of
research. Within this part, some research methodologies are described with its appropriate
justification.
Research Philosophy: This is considered as the belief that is related to method where some
information based upon the topic which has to be determined, gathered and utilised. Essentially,
the philosophy is categorised within three parts which are: ontology, axiology and epistemology.
In addition to this, the investigation has selected epistemology philosophy as this is further
categorised in three much sub kinds which incorporates interpretivism, positivism and critical
realism. Additionally, researchers have selected positivism philosophy as this aid in determining
accumulated numeric data into short time duration. The key reason of opting positivism
philosophy is undertaken regarding analysis of statistical facts as well as figures for
accomplishing described goals and intent into decided time period. While on other side, realism
as well as interpretivism is not selected as they do not concentrate upon determination of
statistical piece of information in order to meet the pre-analysed aim and objectives.
Philosophical views are crucial as when formed specifically, they reveal the conceptions that
investigators are developing related to its investigation, driving towards alternatives that may be
used to cause, methods, designs and techniques of investigations in addition to the fact analysis
as well as interpretation.
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Research approach: This is described as the procedures to evaluate as well as measure
accumulated information in appropriate and effectual manner. In addition to this, it is an
approach which is categorised in two key kinds which are deductive as well as inductive
approach. Both approaches are efficient and effectual for determining, evaluating and measuring
accumulated data. Additionally, inductive approach is undertaken as the approach which aids
investigator in method of formulating new theories instead of relying on existent or published
theories. It is an approach that is appropriate for determining qualitative as well as secondary
source of information. While on other hand, deductive approach regarded as the approach which
aids in evaluating accumulated statistical data without undertaking long term period. So,
investigator have chosen deductive approach as this is helpful to measure and examine statistical
as well as primary data without considering long time period for accomplishing the aim and
objectives of particular research.
Research Strategy: This is described as those methods that are being utilised through
investigator for developing its investigation work into much concentrated way as well as to
render effective possible tactics to investigation so that intents may be accomplished in
appropriate way. Additionally, this is emphasized upon performing research authentically and
relevant way so that aims and objectives into investigation may be achieved systematically.
Essentially, the strategy of research is of several kinds of action research, experimental, survey
and others. For opting efficient research strategy investigators try to align similar with
investigation objectives so that effectual way for investigation may be exerted. In respect of
recent research, survey research strategy is undertaken as those tactics that are associated with
deductive approach. Behind it, survey research strategy is also undertaken as one of the much
economical as well as appropriate strategy that aids researcher for formulating aims and
objectives in well determined way. Furthermore, it is the strategy that is applied for
accumulating whole information in statistical format so that it is associated with quantitative
research methods. So, survey research strategy is defined as much effectual investigation tactics
that assists in accumulation of reliable as well as accurate information. Rather than this, it is
other benefits are associated with rendering those ease as well as convenience to investigator so
that in efficient way and on time.
Research choice: This is undertaken as essential methodology of research that assists in
differentiating objectives of research into such way which aims and objectives into research may
14

be attained appropriate time lap. In addition to this, there are mainly two forms of research
choice like quantitative as well as qualitative research choice. Additionally, it is having hug edge
in formulating investigation into appropriate way so that objectives of research may be
accomplished officiously. Moreover, qualitative research choice is associated with determining
topic of research deeply so that reliable as well as whole information may be accumulated
through investigator into relations to investigation topic. Qualitative research is essential to
identify the precise frequency of tendencies or traits. Moreover, this enables investigators for
shaping out the parameters thru that huge set of statistics which can be formed. In addition to
this, it highlights the methods through means of that observers may quantify the data. While on
other side, quantitative research choice is regarded with collecting data regarding chosen topic
numerically. Within it, this has been undertaken so that to accumulate data from greater sample
as well as to formulate responses from various respondents. Also, quantitative choices is
associated with evaluating as well as determining accumulated outcomes in numerical format,
thereafter, these data is evaluated with assistance of statistically and numerically.
Research design: This is regarded as the master plan that highlights how investigation is
conducted. Additionally, the plans for several procedures as well as approaches are to be
executed for accumulating and analysing information from decision takers has to become
practical. Moreover, respective method of gathering or accumulating situation that efficiently
developed for integrating value within evaluation of business cycle. Therefore, the overall
determine concern is related to aspect of sample which researchers utilise for determining their
influences. Respective research is fundamentally categorised into three aspects such as
exploratory, experimental and descriptive. In order to perform the respective investigation on
particular topic, descriptive design is applied through researcher for accumulating efficacious
data related to subjects. Beside this, this particular description is effectual as respondent profile,
situations and behaviours is adoptable. Also, this also allows individuals relevancy to compile as
well as formed extra information systematically as well as relevantly. It is useful as this assists
investigators to formulate quality, effectual or descriptive depends upon understandings.
15

Questionnaire
Q1) Company health and safety policy statements are useful documents to guide
implementation on site.
a) Strongly disagree
b) Disagree
c) Neutral
d) Agree
e) Strongly agree
Q2) Formal individual choice for new company starters are an effective way to improve
health and safety in construction.
a) Strongly disagree
b) Disagree
c) Neutral
d) Agree
e) Strongly agree
Q3) Specialist health and safety staff employed in companies are necessary to maintain
standards.
a) Strongly disagree
b) Disagree
c) Neutral
d) Agree
e) Strongly agree
Q4) Company health and safety committees are on unnecessary bureaucratic burden.
a) Strongly disagree
b) Disagree
c) Neutral
d) Agree
16

e) Strongly agree
Q5) Records of health and safety incidents and accidents are useful tools to learn lessons
and prevent future occurrences.
a) Strongly disagree
b) Disagree
c) Neutral
d) Agree
e) Strongly agree
Q6) Managers need to regularly participate in health and safety training events.
a) Strongly disagree
b) Disagree
c) Neutral
d) Agree
e) Strongly agree
Q7) Use of personal protective equipment should be compulsory.
a) Strongly disagree
b) Disagree
c) Neutral
d) Agree
e) Strongly agree
Q8) Construction equipment's should be handled with utmost care.
a) Strongly disagree
b) Disagree
c) Neutral
d) Agree
e) Strongly agree
Q9) Scaffolding should be properly and adequately fixed and inspected before mounting
them.
a) Strongly disagree
17

b) Disagree
c) Neutral
d) Agree
e) Strongly agree
Q10) Ladders should be fixed and adequately secured in positions before ascending them.
a) Strongly disagree
b) Disagree
c) Neutral
d) Agree
e) Strongly agree
Data collection: This is described as the strategy which provides in performing data from
several sources. Moreover, it is vital for investigator to utilise methods as well as techniques of
data accumulation in order to attain described aim and objectives systematically. In addition to
this, this is crucial to accumulate relevant, valid and accurate information as well as for it this is
categorised within two forms which are secondary and primary collection of data. Furthermore,
primary data collection undertaken as the techniques which assists investigator for accumulating
first as well as raw data into short time duration. The key benefit of primary method is this
renders to collect information directly from the individuals or respondents. Also, within it, first
hand data is accumulated with aids of questionnaire aspects as in it respondents are directly get
approached. While, on other hand secondary collection of data is regarded as method which aids
in utilising second hand and published information for meeting the goals properly as well as
systematically. However, the published information is gathered from the sources such as
journals, articles, publications and many more. Therefore, within current research, researchers
have selected primary and secondary method as they are essential to attain goals. Use of the
following questionnaire has been made for collection data for current study based on the topic of
how well do UK contractors comply with best practice in health and safety:
Sampling: Sampling is regarded as the procedures which aids in opting specific number of
samples from facilitated huge number of overall population. Moreover, this is not simple process
for researcher to opt total population as this becomes tough to accumulate data and evaluate of
accumulated data. Additionally, this is vital for researcher to opt particular number of
18

respondents for collecting information to accomplish determined aim and objectives. It is
essentially divided into two key forms such as probability as well as non probability sampling
method. The probability sampling is regarded as the method which assists in opting huge number
of respondents within short time duration. Whole on other side, non probability sampling method
is considered as method which does not aids in choosing greater number of individuals.
Therefore, within respective investigation, researcher have chosen probability sampling as this
opts random sampling that means participants are selected without any particular criteria. So, in
order to perform this research, 30 respondents are chosen as sample to accumulate data based
upon specific research topic.
Research ethics: This is described as those practices as well as situations that are utilised
into research for attaining the objectives of research effectively and efficiently without
developing any problems and also having higher level of authenticity. Moreover, with assistance
of effective ethics of research risk as well as barriers coming into investigations may be obviated
in order to optimise the results as well as at similar period goals may be accomplished. In
addition to this, they key research ethics is utilised into respective investigation is to render high
protection to participants as well as maintain confidentiality at higher degree. Instead of this, data
protection is other ethics of investigation that is utilised by researcher in order to formulate
investigation in accordance with research plan.
Time horizon: It is described as the limit of period that is decided prior beginning of
investigation as well as within particular time limit; investigator is needed for accomplishing its
research in order to form consistency as well as effectiveness. In addition to this, time in case
highlighted as the vital aspects of investigation. Additionally, there are essentially two kinds of
time horizon like longitudinal as well as cross- sectional. Within respective research, cross
sectional horizon of time is utilised for performing the investigation with various dimensional as
well as to accomplish the goals of research. Furthermore, they concentrate upon present
circumstances and aids investigator to complete the task on specified time duration and
systematically. While on other hand, longitudinal time horizon is not so much appropriate as it
only utilise the observation for specific variables which are available for many years, months and
others.
Research scope: The enclosure criteria for respective report are that only English
research papers and journals, which are published through various authors after the year 2018.
19

While on other side, all articles which are published or written before 2018 would be excluded
from investigation as well as not referred to for accumulation of information. Additionally, for
assuring that an appropriate literature review is formed, several databases like Google scholars
were utilised in order to accumulate most accurate and reliable data.
Reliability and validity of research: For conducting the research, effectively and
efficiently, investigators have to formulate credible or reliable outcomes. Additionally, there are
essentially two phases which are crucial for investigation like valid as well as relevant. In
addition to this, investigators have to gather data by utilising efficacious sources for assuring its
validity. Also, this is both tests as well as tolls to relevantly determine what have to be
performed. Whereas on other side, reliability is regarded as stabilises or optimistic anticipation
of test outcome. Apart from this, the explorations of that analysis technique are formulated in
order to attain relevant effective performance. So, this is the accountability of researcher for
ensuring accurate gatherings of information as well as efficacious performance. Also, the
investigator is anticipated to assure the valid and relevant degree of performance into current
investigation.
Ethical Considerations: Ethics plays crucial role within investigation as well as
contributes towards their whole effectualness. Moreover, this may be described as the values or
principles which investigators have to adhere for assuring that investigation is performed
appropriately and effectually as well as outcomes are reliable and valid. In addition to this, there
are various distinct reasons as to why ethical considerations are vital like they assist in exploring
the whole understandings of investigator and support vital values of society. For it, investigators
have assured that informed consent is accomplished from number of participants before
accumulating any information from them. Furthermore, investigator have assured that overall
data which is accumulated is kept unidentified and not to be disclosed for obviating any form of
data misuse. Apart from this, investigator have to assured that effectual method of sampling is
chosen. It is so they may have vital affect upon whole research growth and quality. Also, the
officious communication has been practices among investigator as well as participants for
assuring that there is no other affect upon research outcomes.
Conclusion
Based upon the above facilitated information related to research methodology, it has been
concluded that quantitative research method is applied by researcher for gatherings as well as
20

evaluating reliable data associated with particular topic. In addition to this, positivism philosophy
and deductive approach within investigation are used by investigator. Additionally, these
techniques helped researcher to gather and determine quantitative data. The use of quantitative
nature of research method would be made within current study as it supports a much more
practical and systematic nature of the investigation to effectively meet the set objectives through
collection of data in numeric form. Further, use of survey strategy comprises of collection of
data with the help of questionnaire would be made as it ensures most cost and time efficient
technique and method for gathering of data from a larger section of the participants. Moreover,
questionnaire is used by researcher as it assists them by rendering accurate information related to
selected topics. Furthermore, random sampling has been applied for selecting 30 respondents.
21

4. Analysis, results and findings
Respective section is dependent upon information that is gathered by both primary as well as
secondary methods and data would be analysed with assistance of questionnaires asked by the
selected respondents or participants. In common aspects, it can be determined that data analysis,
results and findings assists in reaching efficacious outcomes efficiently as well as appropriately.
22

1

2

3

4

Data Analysis
This is regarded as the systematized process that is applied by researchers for evaluating
data related to determine about the best practises in health and safety along with analysing that
how well do UK contractors comply with these best practice in health and safety”. In addition to
this, for analysing quantitative information, frequency distribution table has been adopted.
Addition with this method, researcher formulates frequency distribution table and classified
overall table individually. Also, it would aids researcher to attain overall project upon particular
time duration as well s in systematized way. Within respective frequency table is also formed
which highlights several respondents perceptions into selected topic.
Q1) Company health and safety policy statements are useful
documents to guide implementation on site.
Frequency out of 17
a) Strongly disagree 2
b) Disagree 1
c) Neutral 1
d) Agree 4
e) Strongly agree 9
Q2) Formal individual choice for new company starters are an
effective way to improve health and safety in construction.
Frequency out of 17
a) Strongly disagree 1
b) Disagree 1
c) Neutral 3
d) Agree 11
e) Strongly agree 1
Q3) Specialist health and safety staff employed in companies are
necessary to maintain standards.
Frequency out of 17
a) Strongly disagree 0
b) Disagree 0
c) Neutral 1
d) Agree 5
e) Strongly agree 11
Q4) Company health and safety committees are on unnecessary Frequency out of 17
1

bureaucratic burden.
a) Strongly disagree 0
b) Disagree 6
c) Neutral 7
d) Agree 3
e) Strongly agree 1
Q5) Records of health and safety incidents and accidents are useful
tools to learn lessons and prevent future occurrences.
Frequency out of 17
a) Strongly disagree 0
b) Disagree 0
c) Neutral 0
d) Agree 4
e) Strongly agree 13
Q6) Managers need to regularly participate in health and safety
training events.
Frequency out of 17
a) Strongly disagree 0
b) Disagree 1
c) Neutral 3
d) Agree 4
e) Strongly agree 9
Q7) Use of personal protective equipment should be compulsory. Frequency out of 17
a) Strongly disagree 0
b) Disagree 0
c) Neutral 0
d) Agree 2
e) Strongly agree 15
Q8) Construction equipment's should be handled with utmost care. Frequency out of 17
a) Strongly disagree 0
b) Disagree 1
c) Neutral 1
2

d) Agree 2
e) Strongly agree 13
Q9) Scaffolding should be properly and adequately fixed and
inspected before mounting them.
Frequency out of 17
a) Strongly disagree 0
b) Disagree 0
c) Neutral 0
d) Agree 3
e) Strongly agree 14
Q10) Ladders should be fixed and adequately secured in positions
before ascending them.
Frequency out of 17
a) Strongly disagree 0
b) Disagree 0
c) Neutral 2
d) Agree 5
e) Strongly agree 10
5. Interpretation and Discussion
It is crucial section of dissertation which essentially associated with primary as well as secondary
data which is accumulated from literature review and questionnaires. Respective section assists
3

researcher in accomplishment of research aim and objectives. For instance, investigator would
need to inter-relate to all questions represented into questionnaire along with literature review.
So, it would be vital for researcher in attainment of investigation goals in effectual and
efficacious way. Also, discussion about primary as well as secondary information would be
discussed underneath:
Theme 1: Company health and safety policy statements are useful documents to guide
implementation on site
Q1) Company health and safety policy statements are useful
documents to guide implementation on site.
Frequency out of 17
a) Strongly disagree 2
b) Disagree 1
c) Neutral 1
d) Agree 4
e) Strongly agree 9
Interpretation
As per the above graphical representation, it has been analysed that the maximum number
of participants i.e. 9 from the total of the 17 were tend to be strongly agree on the fact that
company health and safety policy statements are useful documents to guide implementation on
4

site which states that maximum number of the participants were have understandings about the
need and importance of the best practices of health and safety in construction sector of United
Kingdom. Further, it has been seen and find out that the form the total of the 17 participants only
2 tend to be strongly disagree with the fact that the health and safety policy statements are useful
documents to guide implementation on site while 1 participant tend to be disagree. Beside this,
from the remaining participant, 1 tend to be in favour of the neutral option whereas 4 tend to be
opt for agree on the fact that health and safety policy statements are useful documents to guide
implementation on site Thus, based on this interpretation a review can be made that health and
safety practices are essential and forms out a vital consideration for any project of construction.
Theme 2: Formal individual choice for new company starters are an effective way to
improve health and safety in construction
Q2) Formal individual choice for new company starters are an
effective way to improve health and safety in construction.
Frequency out of 17
a) Strongly disagree 1
b) Disagree 1
c) Neutral 3
d) Agree 11
e) Strongly agree 1
Interpretation
5

On the basis of the above graph, it has been seen and find out that the only 1 participant
was there from a total of 17 respondents who seemed to be strongly disagree on the fact that the
having formal individual choice for new company starters are an effective way to improve health
and safety in construction while another 1 respondent tend to opt for disagree option. Beside this,
there were 3 participants who seemed to be neutral on the above stated fact whereas 11
participants tend to be agree while 1 was strongly agree. Thus an interpretation has been made
out that the most of the participants are agreed that formal individual choice for new company
starters are an effective way to improve health and safety in construction. As construction
industry comprises of use of many big machinery and other dangerous and hazardous situation
which leads to higher chances of workplace accident and injuries it becomes more important and
vital to come up with effective health and safety procedure and ways. Based on the above
analysis and reach finding it has been seen that the Formal individual choice for new company
starters are an effective way to improve health and safety in construction as effective new
employee induction supports communicating important information to new employees about the
company and their job in order to give them the best possible start in the business and also
ensures better compline of the health and safety policies in construction.
Theme 3: Specialist health and safety staff employed in companies are necessary to
maintain standards
Q3) Specialist health and safety staff employed in companies are
necessary to maintain standards.
Frequency out of 17
a) Strongly disagree 0
b) Disagree 0
c) Neutral 1
d) Agree 5
e) Strongly agree 11
6

Interpretation
The above drawn graph is depicting that there was no participant out of the total 17
selected respondents who tend to be strongly disagree or even disagree on the fact that Specialist
health and safety staff employed in companies are necessary to maintain standards that is
reflecting about the crucial need and importance of health and safety within construction
industry. Further, it has been also interpreted based on the above graph that the 1 participant tend
to be neutral on the fact that the Specialist health and safety staff employed in companies are
necessary to maintain standards while 5 respondents were agreed on this theme. Beside this, the
maximum 11 participants from the total of 17 were seemed to be strongly agreed on the
statement that the Specialist health and safety staff employed in companies are necessary to
maintain standards. It has been find out based on current study that the health and safety
practices are important which comprises of Specialist health and safety staff employed in
companies are necessary to maintain standards which ensures a stable office environment where
people feel safe to come to work, to be themselves and to go about their business.
Theme 4: Company health and safety committees are on unnecessary bureaucratic burden
Q4) Company health and safety committees are on unnecessary
bureaucratic burden.
Frequency out of 17
a) Strongly disagree 0
b) Disagree 6
c) Neutral 7
7

d) Agree 3
e) Strongly agree 1
Interpretation
On the basis of the above drawn chart, it has been analysed and find out that the there
was no participant who seemed to be strongly disagree on the statement that the Company health
and safety committees are on unnecessary bureaucratic burden which is reflecting that it is
important for a firm to have proper company health and safety committees. Further, it has been
observed based on above research findings that the 6 participants from a total of 17 tend to be
disagree while 7 were neutral on the above theme based on Company health and safety
committees are on unnecessary bureaucratic burden. Finally, it has been reflected by current
research study that the 3 participants were agree on the fact that Company health and safety
committees are on unnecessary bureaucratic burden while 1 respondent was also there who was
strongly agree on the statement that the Company health and safety committees are on
unnecessary bureaucratic burden. Based on this interpretation, an analysis can be made out that
the having a company health and safety committee is important way to improve conditions on
the job as it provides forum and platform for employees and management to work together to
solve health and safety problems along with conducting regular walk around inspections to
identify potential health and safety hazards which ensures improve work health and safety.
8

Theme 5: Records of health and safety incidents and accidents are useful tools to learn
lessons and prevent future occurrences
Q5) Records of health and safety incidents and accidents are useful
tools to learn lessons and prevent future occurrences.
Frequency out of 17
a) Strongly disagree 0
b) Disagree 0
c) Neutral 0
d) Agree 4
e) Strongly agree 13
Interpretation
Based on the above presented diagram and research findings it has been interpreted that
the form a total of the 17 participant there was no one who tend to be disagree or strongly
disagree on the fact that records of health and safety incidents and accidents are useful tools to
learn lessons and prevent future occurrences neither no one tends to be neutral in this statement.
Further, it has been seen that the 4 participants opted for agree on the fact that Records of health
and safety incidents and accidents are useful tools to learn lessons and prevent future occurrences
while 13 respondents tend to be strongly agree that is presenting the importance of the Records
of health and safety incidents and accidents as useful tools to learn lessons and prevent future
occurrences. It has been find out based on current study that Records of health and safety
9

incidents and accidents help to prevent injuries and ill health, and control costs from accidental
loss through having proper documentation and reporting of facts.
Theme 6: Managers need to regularly participate in health and safety training events.
Q6) Managers need to regularly participate in health and safety
training events.
Frequency out of 17
a) Strongly disagree 0
b) Disagree 1
c) Neutral 3
d) Agree 4
e) Strongly agree 9
Interpretation
It is important and vital that the Managers need to regularly participate in health and
safety training events to ensure that employees are not injured or made ill by the work they do
along with meeting the legal duty to protect the health & safety of employees. The above drawn
diagram is also presenting and supporting this fact as no participant was there who tend to be
strongly disagree on the fact that Managers need to regularly participate in health and safety
training events while only 1 was tend to be disagree. Further, it has been seen and find out that
the 3 participants were there who opted for neutral understanding on the fact that Managers need
to regularly participate in health and safety training events while 4 participants were agreed on
10

this fact. Beside this, the maximum number of participants that is 9 from 17 were tend to be
strongly agree on the statement that Managers need to regularly participate in health and safety
training events which is reflecting its need and importance.
Theme 7: Use of personal protective equipment should be compulsory
Q7) Use of personal protective equipment should be compulsory. Frequency out of 17
a) Strongly disagree 0
b) Disagree 0
c) Neutral 0
d) Agree 2
e) Strongly agree 15
Interpretation
The above chart is presenting the information that there was no participant who tend to be
strongly disagree, disagree or even neutral on the fact that the Use of personal protective
equipment should be compulsory which is presenting the fact that it is important to have proper
personal protective equipment. Further, it has been also seen and observed that the 2 participants
were agreed on the fact that Use of personal protective equipment should be compulsory while
15 participants tend to be strongly agreed on the above written statement. Thus, based on this
interpretation, an analysis can be made that the use of personal protective equipment should be
11

compulsory as it lead to equipment worn to minimize exposure to hazards that cause serious
workplace injuries and illnesses thus ensures better safety and health practises.
Theme 8: Construction equipment's should be handled with utmost care
Q8) Construction equipment's should be handled with utmost care. Frequency out of 17
a) Strongly disagree 0
b) Disagree 1
c) Neutral 1
d) Agree 2
e) Strongly agree 13
Interpretation
on the basis of current investigation based on review and collection of data from 17
participants it has been seen and find out that the no one tend to be have the feeling of strongly
disagree on the statement that Construction equipment's should be handled with utmost care
while 1 participant tend to be disagreed. Further, it has been seen and find out that the 2
participants tend to be agree on the statement that Construction equipment's should be handled
with utmost care while 13 participants were strongly agreed on the statement that Construction
equipment's should be handled with utmost care. Thus, based on this interpretation an analysis
has been made that the Construction equipment's should be handled with utmost care as it
12

significantly reduces the effects of faulty machines and the harm caused by them thus, leads to
improved safety and health at workplace.
Theme 9: Scaffolding should be properly and adequately fixed and inspected before
mounting them
Q9) Scaffolding should be properly and adequately fixed and
inspected before mounting them.
Frequency out of 17
a) Strongly disagree 0
b) Disagree 0
c) Neutral 0
d) Agree 3
e) Strongly agree 14
Interpretation
with respect to the above chart it has been seen that the it is important that Scaffolding
should be properly and adequately fixed and inspected before mounting them as from a total of
the 17 participants there was no one who tend to have a strongly disagreement, disagree and even
neutral view point on this theme. Further, it has been also seen and find out that 3 participants are
agreed on those facts and the remaining 14 participants were having a view point of being
strongly agreed on the statement that Scaffolding should be properly and adequately fixed and
inspected before mounting them which is making it more vital and important for the construction
13

industry of UK. Scaffolding comprises of a temporary structure used to support a work crew and
materials and it must be inspected to reduce the chances of cause deterioration which lead to
higher safety practises.
Theme 10: Ladders should be fixed and adequately secured in positions before ascending
them
Q10) Ladders should be fixed and adequately secured in positions
before ascending them.
Frequency out of 17
a) Strongly disagree 0
b) Disagree 0
c) Neutral 2
d) Agree 5
e) Strongly agree 10
Interpretation
The above drawn chart is reflecting that the no participant was there who would be
strongly disagree or disagree on the fact that the Ladders should be fixed and adequately secured
in positions before ascending them. Further, it has been seen and find out that the 2 participants
were having a view point of being neutral whereas 5 respondents supported for agree along with
the remaining 10 who were strongly agree on the statement Ladders should be fixed and
adequately secured in positions before ascending them. It has been analysed based on the finding
14

of current study that Ladders should be fixed and adequately secured in positions before
ascending them as it tends to prevent people or objects from bumping into it and maintain proper
points of contact.
15

6. Conclusions and recommendations
As per the above report, it has been concluded that Health and safety practices are essential
at all industry. Moreover, it is also a vital consideration for any project of construction. Not just
for keeping the firm’s personnel safe (It is much crucial reason for health as well as safety), but
also for complying with norms. Generally, when a health and safety regulations utilises for
construction work, the regulations are generally enforced through HSE, who enforced authority
upon construction sites. In addition to this, construction entities who are performing into
construction industry should always assures that whole health and safety practices has been
undertaken before they step forward upon respective site. Additionally, health and safety into
construction are specifically vital as sector is prone for hazardous circumstances as well as may
be dangerous at times. Additionally, the best practises in health and safety are considered and
related with the preventing of people and individuals from the getting being harmed and hurt
during work or becoming ill due to unsatisfactory working environment or lack of right
precautions. Further, it has been seen and analysed that the construction industry comprises of
use of many big machinery and other dangerous and hazardous situation which leads to higher
chances of workplace accident and injuries. The risk and hazardous situation that are prevailing
at the construction site comprises of working at height along with the Burns, Electrocution, Eye
injury, including vision impairment or blindness, broken bones, Knee and ankle injury and Neck,
shoulder or back injury.
Furthermore, it has been also summarised that it can be stated that the contractors in the
United Kingdom very well comply with the best practice in health as well as safety. This is
because they are very much concerned about the health as well as safety of the employees. Both
the contractor and their employees are accountable below fitness and protection law. They
should then each come together to take into account risks from each other's paintings that may
affect fitness and protection of each other. Contractors should be made aware about the dangers
from your activities and the controls you have got in place. In addition to this, fitness and
protection fine practice should be promoted in a manner that resonates with employees and
encourages them to stay engaged. Managing this advantageous organisation ethos allows to
boost productivity and morale. This is why communication is so vital to a group –
knowledgeable, engaged personnel are statistically much less in all likelihood to be afflicted by
16

place of job injuries. The contractors are concerned about ensuring the overall efficiency as well
as safety of the overall employees as well as team members.
However, Literature review is performed as it would aid into explanation, summary,
determination and elucidation of literature into efficient manner. Additionally, the research
questions in which investigation would be executed in efficacious manner. Also, by conducting
literature review that would be attained via by accumulating information by secondary sources
such as books, online sites, journals and others. Along with this, research methodology is vital as
it is beneficial to form essence of studies to render an effectual direction in forming efficient
methodology options for accomplishing results that generates interest for investigator and for
others. This mainly focuses on various methods that direct whole research effectively to develop
reliable and relevant results. In addition to this, to perform vital research on specific topic
investigator considers quantitative method. So, the selected research area is boarder and
appropriate selection, valuable results can be obtained by guiding overall research efficiently and
efficaciously.
Beside it, Research Methodology is undertaken as the methods which aids in accumulating
some information based upon research areas. Moreover, the key intent of utilising research
methodology is assisting investigator to collect valid as well as relevant information. In addition
to this, there are various forms of research methods which are much helpful for gathering
authentic and reliable data into lesser time duration. Additionally, this aids in evaluating valid as
well as relevant data related to accomplish aims and objectives of research. Apart from this,
quantitative research method is applied by the researcher for gatherings as well as evaluating
reliable data associated with particular topic. In addition to this, positivism philosophy and
deductive approach within investigation are used by investigator. Additionally, these techniques
helped researcher to gather and determine quantitative data. The use of quantitative nature of
research method would be made within current study as it supports a much more practical and
systematic nature of the investigation to effectively meet the set objectives through collection of
data in numeric form. Further, use of survey strategy comprises of collection of data with the
help of questionnaire would be made as it ensures most cost and time efficient technique and
method for gathering of data from a larger section of the participants. Moreover, questionnaire is
used by researcher as it assists them by rendering accurate information related to selected topic
and random sampling has been applied.
17

Recommendations
As per the above discussion, some of the recommendations are provided below for
further improvements:
 It is recommended that have appropriately trained and designated machine operators as it
is one of the essential best practices of health and safety for construction sector. Also, this
is to have designated a heavy equipments operator that undergoes particular training.
Moreover, this is extremely vital for performing effectual training for operative
machinery. In addition to this, it has huge or much difficult machines so that training
should be also deep. Sometimes as easy as to get in and out of machinery may be fatal so
more training is effective. Furthermore, falls are regarded as the leading reason of
fatalities within construction. Additionally, staffs have to be trained upon how to perform
heavy machinery such as deck screens, belt feeders, ladders, elevators and many more
even if this seems to be laid off. Rather than this, employees have to be evaluated in
periodic basis for assuring that machinery is being managed appropriately. Also, this is
vital to keep non-operators that are away from machinery work areas.
 In addition to this, the Health and safety act, 1947 provides an effective and improved
way to ensure better protection of workers in construction industry so this is essential for
all construction firms to implement particular act. As its key objectives is to secure the
health, safety and welfare of individuals at work. The health and safety act, 1974 which is
the regulation of parliament of United Kingdom which as of 2011 states the fundamental
structure as well as authority for motivation, regulation and enforcement of work area
health, safety and welfare in UK. Additionally, it also protects anyone into premises even
if it does not perform for business. In addition to this, it is crucial within construction
sector as this assures that whole staff facilitates a protected work atmosphere as well as
seek out for the health of its staff wherever its workplace.
 As there are several vital steps the government of UK to ensure better compliance of best
health and safety practises within construction industry. Some of them are Regular audits
and checklists, Adoption of Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, Implication of
health and safety act, 1974, Regular programmes and campaign to have higher
awareness, Having strict legal norms and regulation and many others. So, it is
recommended that it is important for them to imply health and safety act, 1974 which
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states it ensure better compliance of best health and safety practises within construction
industry. The key reason beside this is that it protects anyone into premises even if it
does not perform for business. In addition to this, it is crucial within construction sector
as this assures that whole staff facilitates a protected work atmosphere as well as seek out
for the health of its staff wherever its workplace.
 As there are various key measures could be supported by the contractors of UK to create
and support a healthier construction sites. Some of them are ensuring regular
maintenance of machine; regular repairing of construction equipment, provide adequate
first aid facilities, proper health and safety training appointment of health and safety
committee and many others. But it has been recommended that proper adequate first aids
facilities should be there within all construction sites. As it is known to be one of the key
measures could be supported by the contractors of UK to create and support a healthier
construction site. Reason is that if appropriate first aids is facilitated to any employees at
workplace so immediate treatment can be provided in emergency accidental case.
 As there are various provisions and objectives of health and safety act, 1974 that is
securing more sound constructed sites for workers. Some of them are ensuring
employees’ health, safety and welfare at work, maintenance of safe access and exists,
safe usage handling and storage, maintaining precautions for dangerous and hazardous
chemicals and substance, appropriate health and safety training for workers. So, it is
suggested to firm it should opt maintaining and precautions for dangerous and hazardous
chemicals and substances is the key objective and provision of health and safety act.
 There are various steps should be taken to motivate and direct contractors of UK to
ensure compliance with the best practice in health and safety. Some of them are have
regular assessment of the work environment, appointment of safety officer, regular
assessment of risk and reporting incidents, providing regular training and safety
guidelines and many others. Therefore, it is highly recommended that all construction
firm and sites have to appoint the appointment of safety officer as it is the crucial steps
that should be taken to motivate and direct contractors of UK to ensure compliance with
the best practice in health and safety.
19

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