BSS073-3 Business Project: UK Energy, Supply Chains & Net Zero

This report provides a critical evaluation of the energy sources utilized in the United Kingdom, focusing on various aspects of energy utilization and its sources within the UK economy. It explores the international supply chains of the UK, European integration with the UK grid, and the nation's goal of achieving net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. The report discusses the importance of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and the impact on the environment, as well as the role of nuclear power in meeting the UK's energy needs. It analyzes the UK's electricity generation, including the use of fossil fuels, nuclear reactors, and renewable technologies. Furthermore, it examines the advantages and challenges of nuclear power, government policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, and initiatives to promote sustainable transportation and construction practices, all in the context of achieving the net-zero target.

BUSINESS
PROJECT

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................7
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................8

INTRODUCTION
This report helps in understanding about importance of business project and helps in
understanding about different aspects which are included in a business project. This report is
based on evaluation of the energy sources utilised in United Kingdom and also focuses on
different aspects of energy utilisation and its sources in economy of UK. This report also focuses
on international supply chains of UK and European integration with the UK grid. This report also
help in understanding about goal of UK's 2050 net zero greenhouse gas emissions. This report
also helps in understanding importance of reducing emission of greenhouse gases and what
impact does it make on nature. This report also revolves around use of nuclear power in UK and
how does nuclear power is utilized by UK in order to achieve its energy needs.
MAIN BODY
This part of report focuses on electricity generation of UK and also helps in
understanding different sources which are utilised for electricity generation. In UK, energy is
generated by the help of various forms and it is essential to have various fuel sources and
different tech solutions which can be utilized for energy generation and at a constant rate. United
Kingdom is not dependent on one energy source as reliability on one energy source can result in
its depletion and it might affect effectiveness and efficiency of source.
Most of United Kingdom electricity and power is produced by the help of burning fossils
and it includes mainly natural gas and coal. Very little amount of power is generated from other
sources and with increase in population the percentage of power generation from natural
resources is increasing and it does make impact on amount of natural resources which are
available. Another source of power for United Kingdom is their nuclear reactors as its procedure
of energy generation is based upon splitting of uranium which is used to generate the heat and
this process is explained as fission. It is been studied that UK nuclear power stations are likely to
be shut down in the next decade or so and every one of it should be stopped by 2035. Various
companies of UK have started their planning to build a new reactors for energy generation and
production. Renewable technologies are also considered as source of power generation and
natural energy has been utilized to generate electricity. Sources of fuel are wind, biomass, solar,
marine etc. Other than these resources United Kingdom electricity network is linked with
systems in France, Netherlands and Ireland and these systems are connected by the help of cables
which are also known as inter-connectors.

This part of report focuses on utilization of nuclear power by UK for their energy needs
and there are various advantages of nuclear power resources such as it is considered as one of the
low -carbon energy resources and it has smallest carbon footprints. It is also helpful in filling
energy gap in an economy. These days due to climate changes and due to global warming need
for utilisation of nuclear energy has been increased and countries are focusing on nuclear power
as their major energy source. It also considered as reliable and cost-effective. During
construction of nuclear power stations and processing of fuel carbon dioxide is emitted. Carbon
dioxide is not emitted during the time of electricity generation. Uranium is the material which
has been utilised for creating fuel and it does focuses on providing reliability. Uranium is
available in abundance as it is majorly used for energy generation. There is need to utilize
uranium effectively for generation of energy as nuclear energy power stations last upto 40 to 60
years and it requires proper maintenance. UK dependency on nuclear power can be understood in
a way that nuclear power stations generate enough electricity which can be used to provide
power to 50% of UK's homes. Nuclear energy is considered as low carbon emission energy but it
is also considered reliable in comparison to other power options.
Nuclear energy is generated by the help of uranium atoms which turned into electrical
energy. Nuclear energy is considered as safe method of power generation as in history of UK
there is no incident till now of radiation release from any nuclear power stations. It is considered
important for energy generation and also highly regulated industries. In United Kingdom, this
industry is regulated by Independent Office for Nuclear Regulation and the environment agency.
In UK government focuses on addressing concerns related to climate change as government
focuses on reducing emissions of carbon dioxide by 80% and this target can be achieved by
decarbonisation of electricity sector by 2030. One of the major role in providing effective energy
would be renewable source of energy and another is considered as nuclear power . Recent
statistics shows that nuclear industry in UK has small part of UK economy and it only represents
3.6% of national GDP. Based on current statistics it is forecasted that rate of growth which is
predicted to grow form 1.1 billion to 1.6 billion euros. Nuclear power sector provides employee
to 24,000 people and have major impact on supply chain of UK.
In UK, there is eight nuclear power stations which is currently operating and have
contribution of 18.7% in total electricity supply in UK. Government of UK focuses on opening
new nuclear power plant for generation of electricity which can be operational by the year 2025.

By current statistics it can be analysed that UK generates 18%-20% of electricity from
nuclear but soon half of its capacity going to be decommissioned by 2025. Government of UK
focuses on implementing a process which can be effective and focuses on designing reactors
which are effective and efficient. Government of UK have made power generation market
generalized and focuses on making electricity market liberalized which results in making
investments in capital more complex. UK policy of energy focuses on reducing carbon emission
which is making negative impact on environment of UK and it is making direct impact on health
of people. Climate change act of 2008 focuses on reducing greenhouse gas emissions and
focuses on achieving goal of zero greenhouse gas emission by year 2050.
In 2015 government of UK proposed new polices regarding energy generation of UK and
focusing on building gas-fired plants and more emphasis on nuclear power for reducing
greenhouse gas emission in long-term. UK government have identified nuclear power as a source
which can help country from damaging its environment. Nuclear power generators are currently
near end of their operating procedures. Government have proposed opening of new nuclear
power generators in Sizewell B and Hinkley Point C which is under construction but existing
nuclear power plants are going to be decommissioned by end of 2030. Government is focused
towards removing coal from electricity generation by the year 2025. Raising funds for opening a

nuclear power station is challenging as various sources of electricity generation is already
consuming large amount of expenditure.
Government of UK also focuses on building fusion power plant which is sound and
effective. Government focuses on reaching their target by 2040 and focuses on investing large
amount of money in UK fusion plants. In case of nuclear power, UK government have
considered this source more affordable, reliable, large-scale and carbon energy source which is
available for UK in current scenario. Currently, UK focuses on investing into next generation of
nuclear power stations which is Hinkley Point C which is mentioned in above paragraph.
Success of any nuclear power stations depends on people associated with project and their skills
which can be used during development of nuclear power reactors. From different perspectives
there are various benefits of developing such nuclear power stations as it will help in generating
employment for local people and also help in protecting environment form further damage.
Utilisation of nuclear power is effective in reducing carbon emission and which can help UK in
achieving its goal of achieving zero greenhouse gas emission by 2050.
Initiatives such as London congestion charge and its Ultra low emission zone and United
Kingdom government planning to ban all petrol and diesel cars by 2035 is considered as
initiative taken by them in order to achieve their goal. Inside London, there is environment plan
which is focusing on local-emission zone and it can be introduced by 2025 and then it will be
expanded into various cities according to need. Such initiative can be understood as strong step
towards achieving the goal of zero emission of greenhouse gases. In order reach net zero, United
Kingdom have to reduce the car mileage by 60% even if all cars are running on low emission by
the year 2035. This could lead to city in which only ultra low emission vehicles exist and even if
all cars are substituted with electric model cars then it cannot be a permanent solution. Electric
cars might reduce the emission of gases but electric model cars also create carbon emissions
during manufacturing and maintenance impact.
United Kingdom government have taken various steps and taken various initiatives in
order to achieve their goal of net zero greenhouse gas emission and De-carbonising transport
report is also an strategy for achieving the goal as it is the strategy to reduce the car utilisation
and promoting the natural choice to be first choice of people which can help in achieving the
goal. UK government focuses on encouraging people to change their mode of transportation and
focus on emission free modes of travelling such as walking and cycling. Such modes is also

considered as healthy for human life and this could also help in reducing the greenhouse gases
emission and lead to achieve their goal of zero greenhouse gas emission. It would also help in
resolving the issue of congested roads and also solves the problem of rising levels of pollution.
But for future alternatives of transportation which is cycle and public transport should be
accessible to people and it should be convenient, affordable and appealing which can attract
people and also which can convince people to utilize such resources which are less harmful for
environment and leads to less pollution. It is also analysed that current environment of building
is responsible for United Kingdom carbon footprint and it is considered as another aspect which
should be considered for achieving the goal of net zero greenhouse emissions. Government
focuses on reducing buildings carbon emissions as this is also an issue in achieving the goal of
net zero and it can only be controlled by understanding the materials which are chosen for
construction of building and methods which are used during construction of building. It is
important that methods which are used during construction should be energy effective and
efficient. Architects are continuously focusing on using environment-friendly practices during
construction and also focusing on embodied carbon of a building. This could help in comprising
carbon emission of extracting, processing, manufacturing and packaging as well as transporting
the materials which is going to be used on site and maintenance of the building in time-span and
focusing on consequences after its demolition. In terms of designing the main focus is to reduce
the use of concrete and government focuses on prohibiting the use of certain materials during
construction which are harmful for environment and can damage atmosphere.
CONCLUSION
This report concludes about the importance of measures taken by UK government to
reduce greenhouse gases emission and also concludes about the different measures which are
taken by government and initiative which are taken by government. This report concludes about
UK government initiative of net-zero greenhouse gases emission goal which is focused towards
taking initiative to reduce greenhouse gases emission and ensuring that it doesn't affect
atmosphere and environment of UK. This report also concludes about importance of nuclear
power and how does it contributes in completing power need of UK.

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