UK Law: Classifications, Sources, and Impact on Commercial Orgs

This report provides a comprehensive overview of the UK legal system, beginning with a clear definition of law within the UK context. It then delves into the classifications of laws, differentiating between private and public law, and explores the characteristics of each. The report further identifies the three distinct legal systems within the UK: England and Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland, highlighting their historical influences and jurisdictional differences. A significant portion of the report is dedicated to the sources of UK law, including legislation, case law, common law, and the impact of European Union law. It explains the hierarchy of these sources and provides detailed characteristics of each, supported by relevant examples. Finally, the report examines the impact of UK law-making processes on commercial organizations, specifically focusing on contract law and multilingual organizations. It discusses how multilingualism affects the understanding of laws, court judgements and official documents, including the benefits of translation, interpretation, and legislative acts. The report concludes with a discussion on the importance of language diversity and how authorities are improving multilingual services.

BUSINESS LAW

Table of Contents
........................................................................................................................................................2
1.0 The UK Classifications of Laws................................................................................2
2.0 The UK Source of law..............................................................................................................5
3.0 Give examples of how the UK law making process have a direct impact on commercial
organisations focusing on ONE of the below list: ..........................................................................8
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10
1.0 The UK Classifications of Laws
(I) Provide a clear definition of law within UK Context
The paramount of law is considered to situated in the United Kingdom, the monarch is
the head of the state and not the president in this country, the conventions and the tradition the
legal duties, rights , the regulations and the managements procedure will be prescribed ion the
constitution, which is unwritten in The United Kingdom. The must states rules for the monarch
who is considered to be the head of state, in this The Queen, must be politically non-biased.
Law which is defined as the set of rules and regulation which are made by the legislation in the

bill-making process, these are for the citizens, works in the welfare, there constitutional and
administrative laws, the citizens of the country are obligated to preserve and follow them . The
parliaments of the country of the great Britain consists of two houses, the house of lords and the
house of commons. The statues which are enacted by the legislation are not codified but
preserved in a manner for the developments of the country. The laws differentiated in the form
of ordinances , acts and other directives which are used by the court of law of the mentioned
country (Graziano,2019).
(II)Define and discuss the characteristics of the two main classifications of laws
in UK
the wide spectrum of law statues in the United Kingdom, the classification of law is done
on basically two basis, which are the The Private Law and The Public Law.
 Private Law- the law statues which are mentioned in this classification of law, is
interacting a relationship between an individual and an private entity or an
private organization. The scope of private law, can be states as the protection for
the private relations or the actions of an individuals which are done in order to
gain financial base, or the property, some other entity. In the purview of private
law, the safeguarding of individuals correlation within the seam of an private
organization can be done with the regulations which are states in the prescribed
Civil Law. This civil laws are the determined part of the private law, there is
huge different between the civil law and the criminal law, in the status of civil
law the liabilities arises on a individuals , a company , property and other
business ca tors. The facilitation of this scope contains protecting the relationship
of an employee and the employer, the business factors, the family law, the
property laws. The penalities in this case of civil law , is given to the injured
person in the form of damages (De Girolamo,20210.
 Public Law- In this spectrum of these regulations, which are working entirely
the favour of the public protection, public welfare and safeguarding the
environment of the citizens. The part of this regulatory bodies is mentioned in the

criminal law, the enactments which are made in the criminal law, are to be exact
for the protection of the individuals, as the crime alone does not affect the life of
an individuals but take a toll on the entire society as a prima facie fact. The laws
of crime does protect the victims, punishments to the offenders and the trial is
constituted in the scope of criminal laws, by the process of prosecution, the
wrongdoer which has done the crime , will be punished within the purview of the
regulations which are prescribed under the acts of the criminal law, providing
punishments to the wrongdoer is important to give out a message to the public ,
that the authorities are keeping them safe, and the protected under the laws of the
country. The consequences of the act of punishments, will control the crime rate
and let the a hitch of pressure in the offenders brain, that they will not commit the
crime, as the laws are there to look after the citizens. Without any laws , there
will a continuous threat on the country , then the developments of the country
will be doomed.
(III) Identify the three different Legal systems in UK
the legal approach , the formulations of the jurisdiction has been determined into three
parts , in the United Kingdom, the legalities is differentiated , further determined as in the parts
of England and Wales, Scotland and The Northern Ireland. The pursuit of England and Wales,
which is termed in the postulation of Common Law, this criteria of the legal enactments
withholding the doctrine of conventions (Zournatzi,2018). By looking on the influence of which
of the legal statues , which can be turned on the same page, which can be seen in the cases of the
court of law, in the litigation of Donoghue v Stevenson.
This differentiation in the pursuit of the different legal system is done from the start, seemingly,
have the historical impact on the issues, the separation witch is made, included the different
working matter, various state of affairs, different courtroom parameters. The legal disputes can
be resolved in the courtroom, the hierarchy of courts which are presented in the United
Kingdom, it does contains :
 The Supreme Court, which was earlier know as the House of Lords, later named
changed, the paramount of the court system in the country, it does contain five judged

bench on a usual days, and the judges bench can be maximized to nine judges. It hears
the cases of the subject matters of the constitutionality.
 The Court of Appeal- The division of the court of appeal is created into two parts , Civil
Division and The Criminal Division. It is determined the authoritative court, it listens to
the cases of intellectual property cases, the cases of commercial court and company act.
This court of appeal handles the litigation of both the scenarios , the civil and the
criminal. The High Court- this court of law consists of the three divisions, such as, The Chancery
Division (Companies court, Patents Court and the Divisional Court), Secondly, the high
court has the family division also known The Divisional Court and lastly, the important
one The Queen's Bench.
Besides the court of law which are aforementioned, the United Kingdom legal structure does
contain the tribunals as well.
2.0 The UK Source of law
(I) Identify and briefly explain the hierarchy of the principal sources of
laws in the English Legal System
the formations of regulations, which are prescribed as laws or the statues made by the
authorities, are not done an easy process, the laws are laid down by the sources of law of the
United Kingdom, the regularities are mandate to be followed by the citizens, the sources of law
is describes in the two categories, The Primary Sources and The Secondary Sources.
The Primary Sources of laws in the United Kingdom are meant to be the most important
source playing the role. The considerable sources of law, which are states as the paramount,
these are : The Legislations The Case Laws The Common Law
 The European Union Law

(III) Explain the characteristics of the sources of laws identified above giving
examples of each
The listed primary sources of law are :
 The Legislation- these statues are made by the parliamentary authorities, the legislation
contains the general acts which are mentioned by the parliament in the favour of the
public matters, the local enactments and the public enactments are also passed by the
Parliament. The public acts which are made generally are mentioned in the statues of
Halsbury . There is an entire prescribed process of presenting a bill in front of the house ,
then the process goes onto different stages, The reading, the debating on the bill, getting
approval from both the house and the getting the Royal Assent. There are two types of
legislation , Primary Legislation and The Delegated Legislation (Graziano,2019).
 The Case Law- the sections, ordinance , decree and the regulations which are used by
the court of law in the case laws , later these case laws acts as the precedents. The judges
of the court handles the cases, use the precedents to put forward the landmark cases.
Case laws are found to be and printed, in the law reports which contains the significance
of the cases from the high court and other tribunals. The law reports are systematically
mentioned by the Incorporate Council of Law Reporting (ICLR, and the series which is
managed by the this council are called as The Law Reports. The authoritative of the law
abbreviations are generally known as the Citations of the legal cases from various courts.
 Common Law- this law which is considered the same for the country, this law ensures
that it be the same for every individual, every authority. That gives out a sense of uniform
feeling in the country, which is important for the saving the equality and with respecting
the faith of the citizens. As the body of regulations sin The United Kingdom is unwritten,
which furthermore established by the court of law. The pursuit of England and Wales has
a common law which are taken into account.

 European Union Law – the earlier years for the legal structure of The United Kingdom
were different from the present scenario, back in the year of 90's, Britain was seemingly
happy with the sates of affairs joining with the European Union , when Britain left the
facilities of EU, it was known as Brexit, which means British Exit. So from that day,
European union laws or the justice court of European union, does not any primary
resources of the laws and the legal system of the United Kingdom (Voorhoof, 2021).
(III) Discuss the impact of the respective laws on the multilingual
organisation
The General established meaning of the definition in regard to Multilingual, knowing
about various types of languages, which coming into the impact of the legal pursuit helps in the
understanding of the perseverance of the laws , the understanding of the judgements which are
passed b y the courts, and the documents which are reported and published to understand by the
official authorities, when it comes to the official website, which has been changed into 6 UN
languages from onwards. The scope of language diversity is wide, for removing the language
barriers, the multilingual steps which are taken by the authorities is a good improvements to be.
The treaties which are signed between the countries are now transparent enough to understand
the procedure and the scope, the clarities between the signing parties, I,e the countries are
awardee of the terms in a much better way. Regulations are made for the application of
understanding the official documents, the parliament of EU when signed treaty with the United
Kingdom , the documents were translated in different language.
The scope of multilingualism, contains the factors such as:
 Translation- the services notwithstanding with the language barriers, because of the
establishments of the translation of the documents.
 Interpretation- the documents, treaties, memorandum are now easy to interpretation,
every sector of language diversity is taken in account to improve the services of
interpretation.
 Legislative act of multilingualism – the affect of European union on the legislation ,
where millions of individuals living in the countries, carries out 24 official languages, it

must be clearly sorted between them. The draft will,be presented for pursuing the
multilinguist service to more heights. The parliaments assigned linguistic lawyer contains
team of lawyers which take this legislation further (Vassallo,2021).
3.0 Give examples of how the UK law making process have a direct
impact on commercial organisations focusing on ONE of the
below list:
(I) Contract Law
the set of regulations are to be followed by an individual or an entity acting as
organization , carrying out of business is difficult in the modern times. The legal groundwork of
the contract law, is considered as the agreement, the the agreements which is made in the
corporation protects the business, the employees , the managed relations with other firm, All
these mentioned rights can be protected under the scope of the contract law, moreover, its
mentioned the duties of the parties mentioned in the contract and also give rise to the legal
obligations to the party , as at the time of breach of the contract , one can pay the damages to the
injured party (Walker,2021).
The contract must be enforceable by laws, which can be only dine when the capacity of contract
arises and it contain all the essential elements, such as :
 Offer, there must be an offer prescribed between the parties, and later which must be
accepted to give a head start to the contract.
 Acceptance, with the accepting of the contract, the contract will be pursues further,
Without acceptance there will be no contractual obligation.
 Consideration, referring to put something in return in the clauses of the contract, bring
about as the consideration, it is one of most essential components which is to be
followed.

 Intention, parties in the contract must be competent and of sound mind. For the
contractual capacity the parties must have a intention to create the contract, which is
prove the legal relation between the parties.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
De Girolamo, D., 2021. Union, and the United Kingdom, Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2019, xiv+
148.
Graziano, T.K., 2019. Comparative contract law: cases, materials and exercises. Edward Elgar
Publishing.
Heidemann, M., 2018. The Future of the Commercial Contract in Scholarship and Law Reform:
An Introduction. In The Future of the Commercial Contract in Scholarship and Law
Reform (pp. 1-23). Springer, Cham.
Vassallo, J., 2021. A historico-legal overview on the impeachment system under the United
States and the United Kingdom constitutions and any relevance to Malta (Bachelor's
thesis, University of Malta).
Voorhoof, D., 2021. Case Law, Strasbourg: Big Brother Watch v United Kingdom, Bulk
interception regime violated Articles 8 and 10 ECHR. INFORRM'S BLOG,
(09/06/2021).
Walker, C., 2021. Counterterrorism within the Rule of Law? Rhetoric and Reality with Special
Reference to the United Kingdom. Terrorism and political violence, 33(2), pp.338-352.
Zournatzi, C., 2018. International Conventions around Liability on Offshore Oil and Gas
Operations: National Jurisdictions and Sources of Law on Offshore Units and Crafts in
the United Kingdom and Greece. European Journal of Comparative Law and
Governance, 5(4), pp.378-400.