Analyzing UK Migration: Hong Kongers' Life in UK Facebook Groups

This report explores how Hong Kongers who immigrated to the UK starting in 2019 discuss their experiences on Facebook groups and pages. It examines theoretical backgrounds related to identity and Facebook, social media and emotions, and migration and discourse analysis. The analysis includes five coding categories: BNO Visa application, work opportunities, leisure time, personal change, and daily useful information. The study uses social identity theory to understand how individuals categorize themselves and others, engage in social identification, and make social comparisons. The role of social media in expressing emotions and shaping perceptions of migrants is also discussed, highlighting the importance of discourse analysis in understanding these dynamics. The research aims to provide insights into the lived experiences of Hong Kong migrants in the UK as reflected in their online interactions.

To demonstrate the
knowledge and
comprehension of the
concepts and
theoretical frameworks
that are discussed
throughout the course

Contents
RESEARCH QUESTION: How does the UK life and migration process of Hong Kongers who
immigrated into the UK starting from 2019 is presented and discussed in Facebook groups and
pages?..............................................................................................................................................1
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY..................................................................................................................................1
Theoretical background...................................................................................................................1
Identity and Facebook..................................................................................................................1
Social media and emotions..........................................................................................................3
Migration and Discourse Analysis...............................................................................................5
Five Coding:....................................................................................................................................6
BNO Visa Application.................................................................................................................6
Work Opportunity........................................................................................................................7
Leisure time.................................................................................................................................9
Personal change.........................................................................................................................11
Daily Useful information...........................................................................................................13
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................15
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................16

RESEARCH QUESTION: How does the UK life and migration process of
Hong Kongers who immigrated into the UK starting from 2019 is
presented and discussed in Facebook groups and pages?
INTRODUCTION
Migration process is considered as the mobility of implementing (or suspended) procedures into
a distributed computing atmosphere.Generally, the particular term highlights that a methods
utilises a network for migrating to other machine to continue their implementation there.
Additionally, the migration process is regarded as the procedures to move software applications
from one computing atmosphere to other(Andrew, Pedersen and McEvoy, 2019). It may
incorporates migrating applications from singular information centre to others like from public to
private cloud, or from firm’s upon premises server towards cloud provider’s environment.
Moreover, Hong Kong comply a liberal immigration policy. Nationals of around 170 countries
as well as territories are permitted visa-free visits to Hong Kong for periods that ranges from 7 to
180 days. In addition to this, short term visitors are permitted for entering Hong Kong upon a
visitor visa for performing the business negotiations and sign contracts.ss The aim of this report
is to focus on research question that How does the UK life and migration process of Hong
Kongers who immigrated into the UK starting from 2019 is presented and discussed in Facebook
groups and pages?. So, for instance some key focus areas Theoretical background related to
identity and facebook, social media and emotions, migration and discourse analysis. Apart from
this, description regarded five coding from Facebook group or pages for analysis are also
provided in this report.
MAIN BODY
Theoretical background
Identity and Facebook
Facebook identity is regarded as one of the specific number which wass allotted to
individuals when they initially joined the facebook sites. Moreover, Facebook delegates each
new user a unique identification number. Individuals utilised this identification number into
Facebook UR for finding a user. Additionally, facebook have re-determined the standard of what
information which might be immediately known about individuals as a person(Aubrey and Riley,
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2022). This was a slower procedures, in which this gradually enhanced the ‘About areas, but
currently when they meet someone, this is somehow effective for them for monitoring its exact
age, residential history as well as whole resume of work experiences and education. Along with
this it may even minimise their personal journey upon particular world towards a chronological
lists of “Life event”. This understands the true evaluation of what is essential into particular
countries as well as may tell them all noteworthy that is happened to individuals into this one
useful lists. Facebook have turned their lives inside out towards the point in which overall of it
much particular information presently seems to be what constitutes social identity.
Social identity theory
There are three process engaged with assessing others as "us" or "them" (for example "in-
bunch" and "out-bunch". These happen in a specific request:
Categorization
The first stage of categorization.This classifies objects to grasp them and distinguish
them. In a fundamentally the same as way we sort individuals (counting ourselves) to figure out
the social climate(Börner,Bueckle and Ginda, 2019). They utilize social classes like dark, white,
Australian, Christian, Muslim, understudy, and transport driver since they are valuable. In the
event that people can allot individuals to a classification then that enlightens them things
regarding those individuals, and as it saw with the transport driver model, they couldn't work in
an ordinary way without utilizing these classes; for example with regards to the transport.
Essentially, they figure out things about ourselves by knowing what classes it have a place with.
They characterize suitable way of behaving by reference to the standards of gatherings we have a
place with, yet it can do this in the event that people can see who has a place with their gathering.
An individual can have a place with various gatherings.
Social Identification
In the subsequent stage, social distinguishing proof, they embrace the personality of the
gathering it have sorted ourselves as having a place with. In the event that for instance they have
classified themselves as an understudy, the odds are you will embrace the character of an
understudy and start to act in the ways it accept understudies act (and adjust to the standards of
the gathering). There will be a passionate importance to their relationship with a gathering, and
its confidence will become bound up with bunch enrolment(Braidotti, 2019).
Social Comparison
2

The last stage is social correlation. Whenever they have sorted ourselves as a component of
a gathering and have related to that bunch we then, at that point, will quite often contrast that
gathering and different gatherings. Assuming people confidence is to be kept up with our
gathering needs to contrast well and different gatherings. This is basic to figuring out bias, in
light of the fact that once two gatherings recognize themselves as adversaries, they are compelled
to contend for the individuals to keep up with their confidence. Rivalry and aggression between
bunches is along these lines not just an issue of viewing for assets (like in Sherif's Robbers Cave)
like positions yet additionally the consequence of contending characters.
Inside social identify theory the gathering enrolment isn't something unfamiliar or
counterfeit which is appended onto the individual, it is a genuine, valid and crucial piece of the
individual. Once more, it is vital to recollect in-bunches are bunches you relate to, and out-
bunches are ones that we don't relate to, and may victimize(Butts and Rich, 2021).
Social media and emotions
Social media describes as the means of interactions within individuals wherein they
develop, share and exchange information & thoughts into virtual communities as well as
networks. Additionally, the evolution of social media has been fuelled through individuals
impulse for communicating as well as through advances into digital technology. This is an
aspects related to developing and nurturing personal connection at scale. As per the Merriam-
Webster, socialmedia is described as kinds of electronic communication (Like websites for social
networking as well as micro blogging) by that users forms online communities for sharing
information, thoughts, personal messages and other content (like videos)”. Within lesser than a
generation, social media have evolved from direct exchange of electronic information, for virtual
gathering areas to retail platform towards crucial 21st century marketing tool.
In the around 10 years or so since the establishing of Twitter and Facebook, online
entertainment has turned into an obvious worldwide peculiarity, with 313 million and 1.86
billion individuals utilizing the separate administrations every month, as indicated by late
organization(Cairney, 2019). There has been no point more fundamental to the investigation of
virtual entertainment than feeling. As inspiration of reasoning and conduct, as a power that can
integrate us or divide us, there is no point more fundamental to our most noteworthy expectations
or most profound feelings of dread for web-based entertainment than feeling. Feeling is the
shock and trust that fills social media and social developments from the Arab Spring to Black
3

Lives Matter, and the antagonism quieted ladies. Emotions is the misery that spreads through
social mediaupon the demise of a superstar or right after another mass shooting. Emotion is the
blissful life we are worried about depicting to our companions, the snapshots of fulfillment we
can hardly hold on to fill the world in about, and the jealousy of getting the features of our
companions' lives while they continue with common life. Feeling is the entertainment that
spreads with the most recent sharp image and, feeling is the quiet of day to day existence that,
irrationally, is reflected as one of the predominant emotions of Social media(Chinnet. al., 2021)
(Duan, Edwards andDwivedi, 2019). According to the virtual entertainment hypothesis,
Facebook, with multiple billion month to month dynamic clients is an extraordinary illustration
of a stage where individuals love to like. Truth be told, since Facebook executed the "Like"
button, it has been utilized more than 1.13 multiple times, with that number developing
constantly. People do this since we need to keep up with connections. Whenever individual #1
and like each other's posts, they increase the value of the relationship, and build up that
closeness. They likewise make a correspondence impact. They feel obliged to reward individuals
who have given to us, even in a little way. They need to even up the scales.The majority of us
don't know about it, however we impersonate every others appearances in up close and personal
discussion. This is passionate disease, and it's a major piece of how it assemble connectedness.
On the web, individuals generatesthat essential component of sympathy utilizing emojis and
emoticons.
Today, 92% of individuals in the U.S. consistently use stickers, emojis or emoticons in
their web-based correspondence, and 10 billion emoticon are sent all over the planet consistently.
An investigation of over 5 years in web-based entertainment observed that emoticon were a
typical element among powerful and famous web-based entertainment sharers. Furthermore, a
review that had members talk online with different sorts of specialists observed that members
evaluated the specialists more amicable and more skilled when they involved emojis in their
correspondence(Hanniganet. al.,2019). There are a lot of fun ways of integrating emoticon into
your promoting efforts. Brands like Ikea, Coca-Cola, Burger King and Comedy Central have
even made their own marked emoticon for their fans to share. Evan Wray at Swift Media, which
has dealt with large numbers of these marked emoticon crusades, says clients see these in a truly
one of a kind way-as self-articulation, not publicizing.
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Migration and Discourse Analysis
Migration analysis is undertaken as the rigorous analytical procedures which are
recommended through regulatory agencies for determining monetary institutions allowances for
loan as well as lease losses or allowance for credit losses within present anticipated credit loss
standard. Discourse analysis is regarded as the method for studying the spoken or written
languages into relationships toward their social context. This intent in understanding that how
languages is utilised into the actual life circumstances. Performing the discourse analysis states
evaluating the how languages functions as well as how meaning is developed into various
societal contexts. This may be used to any instance of both oral or written languages as well as
non-verbal prospects of communication like tone and gestures. Social media has become
incorporated into our regular day to day existences as a website for fellowships, amusement,
business, governmental issues, and activism. Today, something like one out of three individuals
universally is on a web-based entertainment stage. This has down to earth suggestions for
travellers and exiles, offering enabling open doors for portrayal yet additionally reconnaissance
concerns (Knox, Williamson and Bayne, 2020). Additionally, what's more, this shift has
outcomes on how the's comprehension public might interpret transients and outcasts is framed,
with online entertainment stages currently forming talks and accounts around relocation. As most
of the British public don't have direct contact with transients and evacuees, the media can assume
a huge part in forming our thoughts of travellers and outcasts. Through the duration of posts via
online entertainment, transients and displaced people are outlined specifically ways. Thus, the
contrast between an outcast being portrayed as a political entertainer versus a compassionate
subject relies upon compositional and story decisions.
Web-based entertainment's job in the comprehension public might interpret travellers and
evacuees merits basic assessment, with an ever increasing number of individuals depending on it
for news utilization. Truth be told, the Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism saw that as
47% of individuals in the U.K in 2020 involved web-based entertainment as a wellspring of
information somewhat recently. Activism and legislative issues has found a surprising home
through Instagram stories and "swipe up" connections to petitions and infographics.Inside the
ascent of web-based entertainment stages, it have seen a visual turn in our general public.
Through cell phones and online virtual entertainment, data online has become progressively clear
line of sight(Lewis, Enciso and Moje, 2020). Pictures can be taken promptly, altered, and
5

transferred online to be freely seen and remarked on. With north of 1 billion clients, Instagram is
a key web-based entertainment stage utilized by the public around the world. While print, TV
and radio's portrayals of transients and outcasts have been analyzed by basic media researchers,
web-based entertainment stages are under investigated and Instagram specifically has gotten
deficient investigation by researchers.
Five Coding:
The five key codding areas are selected to apply theory and answer the research question
“How does the UK life and migration process of Hong Kongers who immigrated into the UK
starting from 2019 is presented and discussed in Facebook groups and pages?”. These areas can
be used to help look at the discussion on Facebook regarding different aspects of the migrant
experience. This includes the starting experience of receiving a VISA, getting work, leisure,
personal challenges faced and finally settling comfortably. Through these five coding areas the
journey of migrant and related Facebook posts can be easily discussed and analysed.
BNO Visa Application
6
I'm so happy to receive BNO Visa
I expectto fly in mid-May. I would
like to ask if the tax clearance must
be made by its own company?How
to do the self-clearing tax ? How
long does it take?
Congratulations! My visa is also
processing
Go for it, See you in UK!
It’s almost time for everyone
How long does your application
take to be approved? Did you apply
by Apps or in person? Did you get
notify that go to North Point for
fingerprint after the application was
completed?

The above post can be linked to the theory on migration network theory. Here a group of social
media users looking to migrate to the United Kingdom are looking interacting with a user whose
application for visa to the United Kingdom has been approved. The original post showcased
above details the scenario of an individual receiving BNO visa to the United Kingdom and that
they will be reaching United Kingdom soon. After this they are enquiring about if the tax
clearance completed by their employer or if they have to do it on their own. In addition to this
the enquiries of the original poster also includes questions about how to do tax clearance on their
own and how much time will it take. In its response several commenters have commented and
congratulated the original poster. In addition to this, a migrant from United Kingdom has
congratulated the original poster and wished them well for coming to the United Kingdom in
their local language. This showcases that social media has become the main place for interacting
with members of same migrant communities and supporting them in successfully migrating to
different countries(Lo and Hew, 2020). In addition to this other commenters are also asking the
original user who posted about their Visa application about the application approval processes
such as the time taken for approval of the visa or the if the notification for going to the north
point for fingerprint after the application was received by the original poster. This showcases that
migrants after reaching United Kingdom use social media to support others who wish to migrate
which creates social network for migrants who make migration more accessible by helping
individuals from their own community.
Work Opportunity
7

Pm
20 years toy designer
No wonder you are hiring because the jobs cannot work from
home.
Pmpls
Pm, please
Pm
Pm (Private message)
8
Hello everyone, my company is recruiting a lot ofMechanical/Electronics/Design/Robotics/Software
Engineer.There are many jobs in different fields, including R&D, Motor, Robotics, Power Electronics,
Cell & Battery, Material, Aerodynamic, Machine Learning, Cloud Service, Product Safety,
Compliance etc.
The employee benefits are good, the only disadvantage is that they cannot work from home.
The company's location is an hour's drive from Bristol city center, and half an hour's drive from
Swindon/Chippenham. There is a staff bus shuttle.
If you are interested, please PM for details, I can make an internal referral, and there is a chance to
have an interview.

This social media post related to migration of Hong Kong citizen to United Kingdom can
be associated with the area of social media and identity specifically the social identity theory. As
per the social identity theory, social identity is a way of explaining intergroup behaviour. The
implications of social identity theory is that people with similar social identity engage in in-
group favouritism and individuals from specific social identity prioritize the success of their
social group through which they derive their identity over their self-interest. This can be clearly
seen in this social media post as individuals from specific social identity which is of Honk Kong
citizens and migrants engage in favouritism and support the success of their community in
successfully migrating to developed countries(Stark and McCarthy, 2020). This is done by
communicating work opportunities in native language so that candidates from the Hong Kong
migrant community can gain easy employment and the overall Hon Kong community gains
respect and acceptance in United Kingdom through stable livelihood. In addition to this,
voluntary help and information about working opportunities provided by other members of the
communityalso aligns with the social identity theory that individuals put their self-interests
before the success of their community in the migrated country. It is analysed from applying the
social identity theory to this post that social media has been successful in enabling creation of
identity based communities who use social media to promote success of their community
members. This ensures that their community remains strong connected, attains growth and
prosperity. The implications of social identity can be seen in the ways in which community
identity is formed and functions on social media specifically of migrants.
Leisure time
9

This post can be linked to the migration discussion theory provided above. The post
provides information about the ways in which leisure travelling is viewed by individuals on
social media. The post indicates that social media specifically Facebook is used for promoting
travelling shows such which increase communication between migrant and citizens of Hon
Kong. The social media posts are full of encouraging comments demanding similar leisure
content. This post can be related to the migration discourse analysis provided above which
10
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