Data Communications and Internet Protocol: A Comprehensive Review

This assignment solution provides an overview of data communications and the Internet Protocol (IP), highlighting its role in transferring datagrams. It details the differences between IPv4 and IPv6, focusing on address length, header checksum, option handling, and IPsec support. The solution also explains the Domain Name System (DNS), its function in locating domain names, and its operational process involving requests, server interactions, and information retrieval. Furthermore, it identifies key developers of the internet, including Tim Berners Lee, Ray Tomlinson, Vinton Cerf, Bob Kahn, and Paul Baran, recognizing their contributions to the World Wide Web, email implementation, and network development. The document concludes with a list of references used in compiling the information. Desklib provides access to this and many other solved assignments to help students in their studies.

DATA COMMUNICATIONS

INTERNET PROTOCOL
• Internet Protocol (IP) is a set of rules for digital formats of
messages.
• The IP is the major protocol in the layer of Internet
Protocol Suite.
• The primary purpose of IP is the transfer of datagrams
from the source host to the destination host (Zhang, Tang
and Cai 2014)

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN IPV4
AND IPV6
IPv4 IPv6
The length of the address is 32
bits (4 bytes)
The length of the address is 128
bits (16 bytes)
The header of IPv4 includes a
checksum
The header of IPv6 does not
include a checksum
The header of IPv4 includes an
option
In IPv6 there is an optional data
that supports extension headers
The IPsec header support in IPv4
is optional
The IPsec header in IPv6 is
mandatory (Wu et al. 2013)

WHAT IS THE DNS
• The Domain Name System (DNS) is the way to locate domain
names of the Internet.
• Any activity on the internet and web browsing depend on DNS in
order to provide the necessary information.
• Most of the URLs are built on the domain name of the web server.

WORKING OF THE DNS
The working of the DNS can be described as:
• The server receives a request from outside of the domain for the
purpose of information.
• The request is then passed to another server, which is usually
managed by a provider of internet service.
• After the request is processed, the information would be passed
on to the authoritative server for the particular domain (Damas,
Graff and Vixie 2013).

THE DEVELOPERS OF THE
INTERNET
Tim Berners Lee – He is an engineer and a computer scientist. He is
popularly known as the inventor of the World Wide Web.
Ray Tomlinson – He was a computer programmer. He firstly
implemented the email program on the ARPANET (Sajithra and Patil
2013).
Vinton Cerf – He is known as the “Father of the Internet”.
Bob Kahn – He is an American electrical engineer. He had invented the
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the Internet Protocol (IP).
Paul Baran – He was a Jewish American engineer. He was an innovator
in the development of the networks of computer.

REFERENCES
Damas, J., Graff, M. and Vixie, P., 2013. Extension mechanisms for
DNS (EDNS (0)).
Sajithra, K. and Patil, R., 2013. Social media–history and components.
Journal of Business and Management, 7(1), pp.69-74.
Wu, P., Cui, Y., Wu, J., Liu, J., & Metz, C. (2013). Transition from
IPv4 to IPv6: A state-of-the-art survey. IEEE Communications
Surveys & Tutorials, 15(3), 1407-1424.
Zhang, L., Tang, S. and Cai, Z., 2014. Efficient and flexible password
authenticated key agreement for voice over internet protocol session
initiation protocol using smart card. International Journal of
communication systems, 27(11), pp.2691-2702.