Comprehensive Report on Hyperlipidemia: Causes, Risks, and Care Plan

This report provides an in-depth analysis of hyperlipidemia, a condition characterized by elevated lipid levels in the blood. It explores the genetic factors contributing to hyperlipidemia, including mutations in genes like LRP6, and discusses the familial inheritance patterns. The report details the symptoms, risk assessment strategies, and clinical judgment required for effective management. Interventions such as dietary modifications, including reducing saturated fats and increasing dietary fiber, are emphasized. The importance of consulting dieticians and lipid specialists is highlighted, along with a comprehensive care plan focusing on reducing sodium and saturated fat intake. The report concludes by underscoring the significance of lifestyle changes and proper medical guidance in managing hyperlipidemia and preventing associated cardiovascular diseases. Desklib offers a wealth of similar solved assignments and study resources for students.

HYPERLIPIDAEMIA

INTRODUCTION
 Hyperlipidaemia refers to elevated levels of lipids
in the blood of an affected person.
 Lipids are nothing but fat proteins present in the
blood.
 But if present in excess causes serious
cardiovascular diseases like heartattack.
 It is also known as Hypercholesterolemia or high
cholesterol.

Diagrammatic representation of clogged
arteries

Genetics of Hyperlipidaemia
 Phenotype of Hyperlipidaemia :
 It is the most common hereditary disorder.
 Leads to coronary death.
 The affected person has high levels of cholesterol or
triglyceride levels.

Prevalence
 1 in 500 people worldwide has familial
hyperlipidemia.
 UK population has the highest level of cholesterol
levels.
 present in one third of American adults
 1 among three sufferers have hyperlipdemia under
control

Details of mutation
 Mutation in LRP6 gene leads to early onset coronary
artery disease and combined hyperlipidemia,
 It causes a cascade of events in diverse signalling
pathways that results in abnormally elevated levels of
LDL and triglycerides

Family history
 If high cholesterol runs in family, then the person
is likely to have it.
 If one parent is affected with the condition that
children are at major risk.
 Mutated genes are passed down from one
generation to the next.

Advanced physical assessment
Symptoms and when they arise
 In the early years there may be no symptoms.
 When symptoms occur in case of high triglyceride
level these include,
 High cholesterol with yellowish fatty growths
(xanthomas) around the eyes or the joints
formation of nodules on the elbows or knees

Symptoms...
 Appearance of multiple, pimple-sized, yellowish skin
eruptions.
 The skin deposits fats or xanthomas
 Swelling of organs such as the liver, spleen, or
pancreas
 Blockage of blood vessels in brain and heart

Risk assessment
 People with following symptoms should assess the
risk for Hyperlipidaemia:
 Person whose family members are suffering from the
condition.
 People above 40 years of age.
 Individuals who follow inactive lifestyle.
 People who regularly consume diet rich in bad
cholesterol such as fried food

Probability and prediction of genetic outcomes
The probability of an individual of developing
hyperlipidaemia is
1 in 2 (50 percent) chance to pass on that altered gene
to each of his or her offspring

Clinical judgment and decision
making
Interventions
 Minimise intake of fast food rich in saturated fats.
 Diet rich in dietary fibers such as legumes, fruits,
vegetables should be included.
 Intake of trans fats should be avoided.
 Dieticians should be consulted frequently to design
a proper diet plan.