Justice Theories: Understanding Criminology and Criminal Justice

This essay explores the role of criminal justice theories within the field of criminology, focusing on restorative, retributive, and transformative justice. It examines how these theories provide frameworks for understanding and addressing criminal behavior, offering avenues for redressal, resolution, and rehabilitation. The essay highlights the importance of justice systems in providing support and preventing crime, emphasizing that theories of justice are essential for safeguarding society and mending the harm caused by offenses. It considers the application of these theories within the UK's criminal justice system, referencing key works and perspectives on victim participation, moral implications of AI, and practice frameworks in correctional psychology.

Understanding Justice
Academics

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY ..................................................................................................................................3
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................5
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................6

INTRODUCTION
The system of criminal justice of the United Kingdom is accumulated within the
embodiment of controlling authorities which look after the administration of the spectrum of
justice for the British Land. Keeping the eye on the tarnishing activities accruing in the area of
queen and diminishing the momentum of the law of the land will persuade by the following
authorities, such as, The Crown, Police Authorities, Prison Structure and The Regulations of the
country. Furthermore, looking at theories of justice in the pursuit of criminology, unlike any
other theories being psychology or science, the theories keep the values of the statues intact and
provides assistance to the individual trying to understand the basic manner and meaning of the
subject matter. In the scope of criminal justice consist of the aftermath and the stratification of
the causes of the heinous criminal activity occurred. This essay will verb-surround the theories of
justice which gives out the assistance in the field of criminology, and as mentioned the chosen
issue of focus is obsolete as killing or murder. The report will also tends to describe the issues
which are by the society, Can they be resolved by the help of theories of justice (Braun, 2019).
MAIN BODY
The circumscribe of the criminal justice theories which include the purview of the roots
or the foundation by which the wrongdoing got targetted. It is needful to know the solely motive
and intention behind the criminal task and understanding the mental capability and mind
positioning of the criminal. Idiosyncratic which brings about the criminal justice theories carries
the insightful explanation for the postulates of crime.
Fundamentally, the scope of theories embodies with three theories laid in the extent,
which be in control of the criminology division.
In the beginning the spectrum of theories consists of Restorative Theory, which focus to
make good the distress and suffering which is caused by the criminal activity. This theory will
provide assistance to the wrongdoer through the procedure of reconciliation by handling around
with the injured party or the community which faced an impact by the crime occurred.

In contrary to the restorative theory, the stratification continues to Retributive Theory,
this theory focus on penalities or punishments despite of rehab approach. This theory believes
that the wrong done should be corresponding the actual crime. And in order to give punishment
must be threatening enough to understand the consequences after committing the crime.
Lastly, the purview of theories covers, The Transformative Theory, it showcases a
systematic approach that classifies the conditions of society which bring about the happenings of
crime. The reasons for the maltreatment and the objective for the security, law and order
(de Diego Carreras, 2020).
Restorative Justice Theory, which is distinctive in manner like any other basic theory of
criminal justice, this restorative theory has punishment as its focal point, the punishment can act
as threat to the happenings of crime. This theory will provide retrieval for the wrongdoers, the
mannerism for reconciliation from the injured party. The meaning scope of the restorative justice
will be keen to get indulged to fix the holes which has ben created by the crime to an individual
or the entire community as whole. The theory practise redressal platform, which seek to make
the primal cornerstone to the individual victims who has directly got suffered by the offence.
The rudimentary principles of this theory states the similar component, the victims who suffered
the grievance needs an opportunity in the pledge of settlement. This policy lay down the
framework, which consists on focusing on the needs of the victims. The groundwork of this
theory, provides an sense of belongingness tot he unfortunate person and get them in the
decision-making procedure
(Hine, 2019).
Retributive Justice Theory, This theory stands on the postulate of tit for tat, it states that the
offender who been in the conduct of the unfortunate event or any atrocious criminal task, must
be penalized and sanctioned accordingly to understand the strict aftermath of the crime, the
offender done. Principles of this approach goes way beyond contrary then the restorative theory.
It suffice, the dampen acting as a threat in the formation of penalizing will bring about a fear in
the hearts and brain of the wrongdoer to not to commit the crime. Retributive hypothesis
propounds that dissuasion will strengthen the base of the criminal justice system. The conjecture

on which the dampen is based on, states that if the punishment given is threatening, dire and
beyond doubt, the individuals will feel the fear before getting themselves indulged into crime.
Therefore, increasing the pleasure and decreasing the pain (Stahn, 2020).
Transformative Justice Theory , This theory denies the view of both restorative and retributive
justice theories. This approach tends to looks within the purview for the actual cause of the
offence and the doomed tension it has impacted on the cultural,political, social and economical
parameters. This theory provides a assessment judgement for any typical criminal justice theory
which attains to be not justified, unfair and biased in sources. Further in the purview of this
course of action in respective to this theory, it states that the definition and meaning of crime can
be achieved by the fundamentals of the law enforcements, the state and other authorities.
Transformative justice theory commends to stand up against the directives which are made by
the state, which carry forward torturing punishments, death penality and difficult correctional
measures (Ward, and Durrant, 2021).
CONCLUSION
This essay prescribes the role of criminal justice theory, which consider the parameters of
criminology. Every individual on this globe has right to ask for justice, the pragmatic expertise
and support which is given by the justice system, tends to give sense of relief to the individual.
The organized structures of the justice measures and the police authorities within the scope of
law and order prevents the crime on streets or the crime which consists a huge motive behind.
Let alone citizens or the law enforcement cannot protect the country, there comes the
theories of justice to safeguard from the future crime outpourings and mend the already done and
dusted offences. These theories bring about redressal, resolution and rehabilitation. United
Kingdom being a peaceful place is not in need of the next Harold Frederick Shipman.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Braun, K., 2019. Victim Perspectives and Criminal Justice. In Victim Participation Rights (pp.
65-86). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.
de Diego Carreras, A., 2020. The Moral (Un) Intelligence Problem of Artificial Intelligence in
Criminal Justice: A Comparative Analysis under Different Theories of
Punishment. UCLA JL & Tech., 25, p.i.
Hine, J., 2019. Women and criminal justice: where are we now?. British Journal of Community
Justice, 15(1), pp.5-18.
Stahn, C., 2020. Justice as message: Expressivist foundations of international criminal justice.
Oxford University Press.
Ward, T. and Durrant, R., 2021. Practice frameworks in correctional psychology: Translating
causal theories and normative assumptions into practice. Aggression and Violent
Behavior, 58, p.101612.