Report on Unit 17: Understanding and Leading Change for NATS

This report delves into the intricacies of understanding and leading change within organizations, using NATS (National Air Traffic Services) and National Rail as illustrative examples. It begins by comparing the impact of change on the strategic and operational aspects of these two organizations. The report then evaluates the influence of internal and external drivers of change on leadership, team, and individual behavior, along with measures to mitigate the negative impacts. Furthermore, it explores the barriers to change and their influence on leadership decision-making. Finally, the report applies different leadership approaches to address change in various organizational contexts, providing a comprehensive analysis of the change management process.

Unit 17- Understanding
and leading change

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1) Compare different organisational example where there has been an impact of change on
an organisation strategy and operations......................................................................................1
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................4
P2) Evaluate the ways in which internal and external drivers of change affect leadership, team
and individual behaviour within an organisation........................................................................4
P3) Evaluate measures that can be taken to minimise negative impact of change on
organisational behaviour.............................................................................................................7
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................9
P4) Explain different barrier for change and determine how they influence leadership
decision-making in an organisational context.............................................................................9
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................10
P5) Apply different leadership approaches to dealing with change in a range of organisational
context.......................................................................................................................................10
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................12
............................................................................................................12
.......................................................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................13

INTRODUCTION
The understanding and leading change is based on the creation and development of
different ideas through which new and better possibilities get revealed on continuous basis. It is
also being used to drive positive change within the working along with this unite strategies are
implemented by which appropriate resources are managed in accurate manner. It also includes
the optimum utilisation of resources so that sufficient amount of changes are implemented by
which long term growth and development is achieved in sustained mode. The change always
brings better implementation of strategies and policies so that productive modification and
alterations within the working standard is addressed (Al Barwani, 2018). In addition to this
suitable level of communication is required by which balanced level of involvement is developed
through which planning and implementation of change is processed with more appropriateness.
The management of change is being introduced as by establishing certain route and path through
which more success and profit is developed. The company has induced more change as while
managing the strategies and technological advancement so that better response is provided to the
redundancies and complex situations. The following report is based on the NATS that is the
UK's largest service provider of air traffic control services and National rail that plays vital role
within the enhancement of British economy and infrastructure. The report consist of change
impact on an organisational strategy and operations, driver of change that influence
organisational behaviours, barrier that change influence leadership decision-making and range of
leadership approaches to make change initiative.
TASK 1
P1) Compare different organisational example where there has been an impact of change on an
organisation strategy and operations
The structure of an organisation is the most vital aspect for the growth and development
of the business. An organisational structure defines the working standards of a company that has
been followed in order to accomplish certain level of goals and objectives (Allen, 2018). There is
a lot of businesses that has performed its functions and operation in order to achieve more
success. In this all the companies has faces different issues while operating its functions as in this
they have to resolve different complexities within timely constraints. Thus to get over from this
situations company need to use and implement different strategies, policies, initiative so that
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moderate level of changes are measured with better perfection. It is also used to improvised the
working standards so that productive and favourable outcomes are developed. In addition to this
balanced level of modifications and advancement is induced by which better action plan is
developed as in terms of initiation of tools and techniques. It assist the business to resolve all the
complexity with more suitability as it also make easier to achieve standardised objectives.
In order to attain long term sustainability it is essential to manage and operate functions
with support of business environment in which both positive and negative aspects is considerate
in effective mode (Benton, 2018). In relation to NATS it has control air traffic and handles 2.2
million flights with 220 million passenger and an average of 6000 flights over a year. The
company has provide services to 14 airports along with more then 30 countries as by covering
Middle East, Asia, Europe and North America. They have faces challenges as by managing the
air traffic as there is an unprecedented change from few years. The increased competition
reduces the national dependency as it is bounded with the prospect of Air navigation Service
Provider. On the other hand National rail is moved 3 million people to its destinations and also
transfer thousand tonnes of goods all around Britain. The rail network also faces more challenges
as its responsibilities has been increases on other lack of investment turn into higher cost by
which public confidence has been reduces. The comparison in between the two is as explained
below as:
Basis NATS National rail
Change in external
factors
The NATS has deliver safe and
secure traffic and it also involve
management of complex situations of
the world. The company is becoming
the national body in 1962 and after
that become PPP (Public/ Private
partnership) in 2001 and in this they
have turn to drive better improvement
in term of safety, operational
efficiency and innovation
(Blackburn, 2018). The external
The network of rail play vital
responsibilities as while making of
tracks, bridges and tunnels by
which larger rail network is
developed. In addition to this level
crossing and signalling is
processed while improving the
infrastructure as its rail is covering
the distance from Edinburgh
Waverley to London King's cross
and in this have cover 20,000
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factors as like technological
advancement bring more challenge
for that they have transform the ATM
services to its customers so that more
opportunities are developed that is
used to enable commercial growth.
To cover up these challenges
European commission propose
passengers safety, technological
improvement, traffic flow
management, cost efficiency and
environmental protection. .
miles track with 40,000 tunnel and
bridges. To keep run the service
with smoothness it is necessary to
manage the efficiency along with
safety precautions. The company
is being worked with the mission
“to offer safe, efficient, reliable
railway for 21st century.
Structure NATS is a company that has manage
the air traffic and worked while
anticipating the need and priority of
the customer and along with this also
ensure that fastest respond is
provided so that more focus is
developed as while maintaining focus
on the fulfilment of need and demand
of market. To cope up with the
emerging trends of market company
has tries to implement different
concepts as while delivering SES and
SESAR as in order to respond with
opportunities.
Network rail faced more
challenges as at the time when
train get late, costing is higher but
there is less investment on
equipment, people and
technicalities. The company has
maintain focus on sustained
program as with this cost brings
down by 28% by which larger
economies of sale is managed
(Booth, 2018).
Strategy: It is a set of activities that is used by the business in order to attain all its goals
and objectives within the stipulated period of time. In this balanced level of actions is taken by
which both short and long term goals, mission and objectives is achieved with perfection. It is
used to originate better running within which success of NATS is managed and controlled in
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suitable way. The company has been uses PESTLE analysis in order to implement strategic
actions.
Operations: It is a process that defines the better and efficient way in which all the
employee of business has worked with more certainty so that working process is completed with
more adequateness. In this the manager has worked to influence the working behaviour or to get
motivate the workers by which they have put collective efforts as while completing certain task
and activities (Donnelly, 2020). In this tries to increase experience by providing suitable training
so that critical thinking is addressed so that other multitudes are resolved in effective manner.
TASK 2
P2) Evaluate the ways in which internal and external drivers of change affect leadership, team
and individual behaviour within an organisation
All the organisations has worked according to the business environment and as per that
they have make respondent changes and modifications within the working conditions. The
change and its driving options has been the most vital aspect for the growth of business as it is
completely dependent on the profitability through which benefits from aggressive competition is
attained. It additional to this there are many others components that has direct impact over the
functionality and growth of business. The driver's change has provides both internal and external
factors those assist balanced level of shaping of the business. It basically consist of different
strategies, designs, operations, services, products that changes working prospect on direct basis
and it is as define below as: Customer Driver's Change: It is a change that make alteration within marketplace so that
all the business essentials are protected so that customers are satisfied. The potential
customers is the biggest requirement of the business and to fulfil its basis business has
worked over to match up with the trends and matching of business in which involvement
of higher authority is processed (Drago-Severson, 2018). The NATS has acknowledge as
a global leader and in this they have induce more innovation while providing solution to
air traffic and performance of airport. Competitor's Driver changes: The certain level of challenges are faced by the NATS that
is based on air traffic management and in this to differentiate its services with respondent
to its competitors as serve them as a market leader. The business of NATS is shaped as
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by an external market that is a backdrop to Single European Sky (SES) in this they have
take initiative to propose passenger safety, traffic flow management, technological
advancement etc. Technological Driver Change: In order to manage the air traffic it is required that NATS
collectively takes measure and concepts by which is dependency to air navigation service
provider is decreases (Fernando, 2018). There is around 28 ANSP's that is perfectly
similar as NATS and the prior difference is that it is national government own ANSP
within Europe. It is also be owned by the partnership in between shareholders and
government that make it more unique and different from its competitor.
SWOT analysis on NATS
Strength Opportunities
 The NATS is the largest service
provider of air traffic along with this
over around more than 30 countries. It
is also provide services to the world's
busiest dual runway airport named as
Heathrow and manages the upper
airspace as well.
 NATS get an opportunity so as to attain
commercial growth and for that worked
to drive its ambition in which they have
induce better advancement to serve
need of customers by which its
performance is getting enhanced.
Weaknesses Threats
 The company need the highly trained
employees so that they have worked
critically to get over from complex
situations as the air traffic net stops and
it is 24*7 service.
 There are different other competitors
that has provide similar kind of services
thus in this the profit share of business
is getting depressed (Flanding, 2018).
In addition technological infrastructure
used to meet up the future need of
business.
PESTLE analysis on NATS
POLITICAL ECONOMICAL
 European market after Brexit: There is  The increment of oil pricing has direct
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certain level of imbalance is attained
after the Brexit within which internal
environment is affected. The attract of
terrorism is increases so that passenger
duty tax is increases that has negative
impact on business profit (Gregory,
2019).
impact on NATS so that profit share of
business is getting affected negatively.
 The GDP fluctuation due to pandemic
attack of COVID has restrict the
business processing directly.
SOCIAL TECHNOLOGICAL
 The customers are more shifted
towards the cheaper rates of flights and
didn't spend much amount on higher
services by which leisure travel is
growing in cheaper manner. It has
direct impact over the strategy
formulation of business in which
market involution is measured.
 The deploying SESAR (single
European sky ATM research
programme) introduce newer concept
of managing air traffic as it is based on
trajectory based operations. They have
spend about £600m to transform the
technological infrastructure.
LEGAL ENVIRONMENTAL
 It shows the rules and regulation of
governance that is followed by NATS
by which easiest transformational is
achieved along with this capability of
leadership and flexibility is enlarged.
 The NATS has worked to retain the
while knowledge and skills so that
employee dimension is manages by
which overall risk is also getting
reduced.
How organisation change affect these terms
Leadership Team Individual
The alteration within the
working has direct impact over
leaders as they have follow
suitable approaches so that
easy influence is managed and
The work of business is
allocated within the team and
they have worked effectively
to complete certain task in
timely basis. In this
All the individual that is
working within the business
has follow all the guidelines
appropriately by which change
is measured with
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long term profit is gained by
the business.
experienced employee
motivate and influence the
working of others so that
productive outcome is
developed.
satisfactoriness (Nadim,
2019).
In this NATS has gained profitable outcome as by analysing various prospect as it is the
largest air trafficking service provider. In this various aspect such as leadership, team and
individual play essential role under which rate of effectiveness is increases in productive manner.
In support of SWOT it is analysed that company is in better situation and with this ability to gain
higher advancement is increases. To minimise the negative impact it is essential that ordinate
level of changes is addressed by which rate of productiveness is increases. For this clear
communication is helpful and with this ability to gain higher competitive advantage is enhanced
in productive manner.
P3) Evaluate measures that can be taken to minimise negative impact of change on
organisational behaviour
The organisational behaviour defines the competitive benefits that is attained by the
business as while executing and performing different operations and functions so that moderate
level of changes are attained in competent mode. There are different measures that has been
taken by the business as in order to minimise the negative impact by which productivity within
the performance is developed (Nelson, 2019). The leader and manager of NATS has analyse the
different prospect and with this different strategies and initiative is implies by which relevant
changes is implemented with support of few techniques and that is as explained below as:
 Initiation of Pathway: In this the management department of NATS develop the action
plan as by matching up the different set of strategies and policies. It is used to manage the
working performance of employee so that knowledge enhancement is managed. It is
helpful initiative that is taken by the business to increase goals and objectives of business.
Thus employee easily accept the change and worked to improvise technical
infrastructure.
 Discourse programme with employees: It is a process in which the manager and leader
has create certain plan in which reflect specified role to each individual. As the NATS is
being worked on to improvise the technicalities so that it is required that worked is
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processed with systematic manner. Thus for this manager has collect feedback of
employees so that modified output is achieved.
Burke Litwin Model: It is a model that is used by the managerial department of NATS so
that they have furthermore worked to enlarge the significance of task and actions by which rate
of production is getting increases. It is also being used to facilitate the efficiency through which
modified level of concern is analysed in effective way. It usually reflect heterogeneous aspect
and define the relationship in between level and factor of changes. In context to NATS it is as
illustrate below as:
 External environment: It is a factor that is associated with the social, political,
environmental, competitors, business ethics and many more components that is based
generated from external surround (Neumann, 2019). It has direct impact over the working
performance and productivity thus in this NATS worked on the up-gradation several
techniques. The NATS has been conduct PESTLE analysis as it helps to formulate
strategic approach in sustained mode.
 Mission and strategy: It is the core concept of NATS as state the resistive aspect of
business through which stratified objectives of company is addressed. The manager has
designed different strategies that is followed by supportive employees. The NATS has
worked with the mission to provide better care and security to the customers along with
the advancement of infrastructure in technical forms.
 Leadership: It is a skills set that is used by the leader of the business and in this they
have select different approaches that is completely dependent on working conditions.
There are different leadership styles such as transformational, participate, autocratic,
democratic, Laissez Faire and many others as well. It is also being used to motivate and
encourage the effectiveness of employees so that objectives are achieved as by following
all the guidelines.
In support of recruitment and productivity decision making ability of NATS to manage
its working credibility to manage and with this suitable amount of profit in terms of clarity and
transparency is addressed in modified form. As much talented and skilled labour are hired that
much effectiveness in working standard is developed in suitable mode.
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TASK 3
P4) Explain different barrier for change and determine how they influence leadership decision-
making in an organisational context
Organisation follow two different states which is related with change which is
modifications among company policy and other is to implement change among all departments
of a business. The main reason to obtain success in current market is based on change
perspective. Their are various barrier related with change-management exists which generate
issue for NATS to manage work with new changes (Ruben, 2019). Some major issue and their
impact on the decision-making of organisation are mention as follow:
 Resistance for change- Individual resist change as in fact that the workers and
employee's of an organisation are focused towards the acceptance of change which is
related organising employee's workforce. This refers one of the major barrier that resist
NATS to adopt relates with employee's because existing workers are not in favour to
implement new change as it change overall process for organisational work. Moreover, it
impact on organisational decision-making because it is the responsibility of leader to
influence employee's for adopting essential changes in organisation.
 International or global challenge- An organisation face changes within business
because it generate the complexity for NATS to manage competition from all
organisation whether it is local or international. This refers globalisation also make
changes but it is not possible for a business to implement and adopt changes according to
the analysis of international requirements (Sibbet, 2018). Moreover, global challenge
related with company work is complex to manage as per international organisational level
as it is complex to drive right specific result from all level.
Five force model
With the change-management model of Kurt Lewin that was developed in 1940 generate
steps for organisation such as NATS which is useful for adopting changes in organisation. Steps
related with five force model are mention as follow:
 Define of problem- According to this step manager of an organisation focus on the
existing problems that exists in business. With change in company conditions it is easy
for management to focus on current needs which is required by business to manage work
as per current needs.
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 Explanation of change objective- This is the responsibility of respective organisation
manager to focus on all essential changes which is required for to make changes in
decided objectives.
 To identify the forces- With the technique of Brainstorm it is easy for organisation to
manage and implement different forces such as motivation force leads the NATS
authorities to adopt changes in organisation. Along with this by formulating effective
relationship among all employee's management also complete their work according to
leaders decisions.
 To monitor the restraining forces- According to this step manager of personnel
improves the aspects that helps to manage change in organisation. It is also used for
managing relationship with analysing essential forces of company.
 Comprehensive change strategy- The last step help manager for improving company
effectiveness and this also leads management to earn more profits by conducting meeting
to monitor the process of change.
With the above five force-field analysis it is identified by NATS that all the above steps leads
management to perform and manage their work according to the decisions of leaders because it
help employee's and employer for accomplishing more benefits from organisational process
(Wolberger, 2018).
TASK 4
P5) Apply different leadership approaches to dealing with change in a range of organisational
context
The business and its leader has worked over to modifies the change through which
adequate amount of stimulation is analysed by which both internal and external complications
are managed. In this the leader of NATS has uses different approaches of leadership by which
adaptive level of changes are addressed. There are few leadership approaches that is used to get
over from organisational change and it is as described below as: Directing: It is an approach that is used while defining communication as in this both the
leader and manager of NATS has clarify the goals and objectives to each individual so
that appropriate direction is provided to the employee by which completion of working
become more clear and successful.
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 Coaching: It is a prospect in which the leader of NATS has provide certain level of
information along with this also provide training and development so that long term
effectiveness is achieved in supportive manner. It is a direct approach in which working
efficiency of employee is developed. Supporting: In this the leader has take effective decision-making so that work is
completed with more perfection and in addition to this the team working is promoted in
which all the team members are committed towards the accomplishment of goals and
objectives (Zubairu, 2018). In support of it the leader has transferred the working
sufficiency by which task and activities are completed while managing sustainability.
 Delegating: It is a responsibility that is played by the higher authority of NATS and
under this they have provide more credit to all the individual so that long term goals and
completed with easiness and along with this loyalty and trust among the employee is
developed that is useful while completing certain project.
The leadership styles that has been followed by NATS is based on managers and leaders
and its suitability within which the efficiency of working is addressed in moderate manner. In
support of these styles NATS has manage the employee working so that changes are adapted in
easiest manner. In support of this theory capability of NATS to accomplish its standardised
target is achieved with perfection as with this long term goals is achieved with perfection or in
timely basis as well.
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CONCLUSION
It has been concluded from the above report that understanding and leading the change is
basic formulation of the business and in this the company has take certain initiative so as to
enlarge the productiveness and profitability. The certain level of strategies, initiative and
technologies is being implemented within the business and in this balanced level of advancement
is achieved. It is more required for the growth and success of the business that customers need is
getting satisfied and in support of it better technological infrastructure is created that promotes
working potential in effective mode. There is both positive and negative aspect of change and
that is effectively managed by the business as in support of leadership approaches so that all the
changes are overcome in flexible mode.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
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Lessons from Countries and Education Leaders Around the Globe. Routledge.
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dialogic OD approach using liberating structures.
Benton, S.I. and Visbal, M.R., 2018. Understanding abrupt leading edge separation as a
mechanism for the onset of dynamic stall. In 2018 AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting
(p. 0356).
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process. Australian Educational Leader. 40(1). p.8.
Booth, J.A. And et. al., 2018. Understanding Central America: Global forces, rebellion, and
change. Routledge.
Donnelly, G., 2020. Leading Change: The Theory and Practice of Integrative Polarity Work.
World Futures, pp.1-22.
Drago-Severson, E. and Blum-DeStefano, J., 2018. Leading change together: Developing
educator capacity within schools and systems. ASCD.
Fernando, M., 2018. LEADING CHANGE. Leadership: Regional and Global Perspectives,
p.280.
Flanding, J.P. And et. al., 2018. The Technology Takers: Leading Change in the Digital Era.
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Business Review.
Nelson, W. and Luetz, J.M., 2019. What can we learn from Pope Francis about change
management for environmental sustainability? A case study on success factors for
leading change in change-resistant institutional environments. In Sustainability and the
Humanities (pp. 503-524). Springer, Cham.
Neumann, J.E. And et. al., 2019. Key Tensions in Purposive Action by Middle Managers
Leading Change', Research in Organizational Change and Development (Research in
Organizational Change and Development, Volume 27).
Ruben, B.D. and Gigliotti, R.A., 2019. The Role of Resonance, Activation, and Cultivation in
Leading Change and Transformation. Leadership, Communication, and Social
Influence, pp.91-116.
Sibbet, D. and Wendling, G., 2018. Visual Consulting: Designing and Leading Change. John
Wiley & Sons.
Wolberger, O. and Goldman Schuyler, K., 2018, July. Leading Change Gently: Action Research
on Workplace Mindfulness. In Academy of Management Proceedings (Vol. 2018, No.
1, p. 14150). Briarcliff Manor, NY 10510: Academy of Management.
Zubairu, K. and et. al., 2018. A process evaluation of the first year of Leading Change, Adding
Value. British Journal of Nursing. 27(14). pp.817-824.
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ONLINE
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<https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/change.asp l>.
7 managing change through training and development. [Online]. Available through:
<https://businesscasestudies.co.uk/managing-change-through-training-and-
development/>.
0 managing change to meet market challenges. [Online]. Available through:
<https://businesscasestudies.co.uk/managing-change-to-meet-market-challenges/>.
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