Report: Understanding and Leading Change in Organizations

This report delves into the complexities of leading and managing change within organizations, using Apple and Samsung as comparative case studies. It begins by examining the external and internal factors that influence these companies' operations and strategies, including market dynamics, competitive pressures, and technological advancements. The report then explores how these drivers of change impact leadership, team dynamics, and individual behavior. It further analyzes various strategies and measures that can be implemented to mitigate the negative effects of change, such as effective communication, employee involvement, and the application of frameworks like the Burke-Litwin Model. The assignment concludes by highlighting different leadership approaches to navigating change, emphasizing the importance of adaptability and strategic planning in a dynamic business environment.

Understanding and Leading
change

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1 ...........................................................................................................................................1
P1: Comparing two organisation and several impact on their operations and strategies ...........1
P3 Measures to minimise negative impact of changes on organisational behaviour..................5
TASK 2 ...........................................................................................................................................8
P4 Different barrier of changes and their impact on decision making........................................8
TASK 3 ...........................................................................................................................................9
P5 Different approaches of leadership dealing with change.......................................................9
REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................13

INTRODUCTION
Business environment is combination of both external and internal factors that affect
functioning of company which includes customers, supply and demand, management and
company function. This environment is very flexible and dynamic in terms of all the factors
related to business. These factor can impact the business in positive and negative sense. Through
this report cases of Apple and Samsung are being discussed as these company are the competitor
in same sector. This assignment concentrate comparison of two company of same sectors and
their team and individual behaviour , external, internal environment and driver changes and their
impact on leaders. There are some negative impact of leaderships which are to me minimised to
prosper in business environment. In leadership management different approaches are discussed
which minimise modifications or negative changes which impact business environment of an
organisation.
TASK 1
P1: Comparing two organisation and several impact on their operations and strategies
In a business environment there are several changes occurs in regular basis, to cope with
these changes and lower impacts of modifications in business environment, competitive
environment , procedures,strategies operation and supply change. Hence both positive and
negative impacts are expected from these changes, to minimise impact of these changes
different analytical tools are used by companies(Carrington, 2010). Before implementing these
changes they must analyse them properly which will help them to generate more revenue and
increase their productivity(Doppelt, 2017). There are different micro ans small enterprises they
find these changes as opportunity to grow and compete in business sector.
Organisation adopt many modifications like policies, operations,strategies, rules and
regulation and other factors. These factors must be considered very seriously as that are basic
criteria for analysing different factors of an organisation. For better implementation of these
strategies a company must have defines strategies and suitable plan. This task compare different
organisation working in same sector here we have considered Apple Inc. founded on 1 April
1976 by Steve Jobs, Roland Wayne and Steve Woznail and till now they have increased their
stores to 499 in all around the world. Apple is a renowned company and their products like
iPhone,Apple watch, I pad, Mac Apple are the most selling brand in all over world. On other

side Samsung is also an renowned company founded on 1 March 1938 by Lee and Byung-
Chul. Samsung is also a world leader in electronics company as it have variety of products like
mobile phones , accessories , home appliances, medical equipments etc.

comparison between these two companies
Basic Apple Inc. Samsung
Innovating Technologies Apple company is known for
innovations they comes up
with new ideas and innovative
products e.g. They update
software of their phone is very
quick time
As compared to apple they
lack in innovations as it take
longer time for updating their
products .
external factors External factors like
cooperative environment,
government, economy. They
have an effective balance to all
of them like they are make
planning for certain market
change how to cope up with it.
They are more vulnerable to
change in external factors as
they have variety of product in
market
Structural changes Organisation is divided into
different levels hence it is
easier for them them transfer
of information.
There is a problem in their
structure as they have different
department for different
products so it is difficult for
them to have a coordination
between them.
Security Apple is known for its security
measures. They develop high
security devices. Mobile
phones have iris scanners
hence phones cannot be
accessed by others
They have comparatively
lower security in their devices
e.g. Samsung uses Android
platforms which can be
formatted very easily hence
can be used by others.

Modifications which are implemented must be designed so that they can be implemented in an
effectual manner.
 Operations-Modification and changes in operational department must be implemented
correctly. A better method will increase sales hence increase productivity of the
organisation(van der Voet, 2015 ). Apart from implementing all negative aspect must be
removed out from it otherwise it will impact both internal and external environment.
PESTAL analytics is an important aspect to monitor external environment which affect
the working of a company in external environment.
 Strategy – By making effective strategy considering all the aspect of internal and
external environment a manager can sustain against different competition in market as
well as can grow effectively. Strategies must be made by analysing the every aspect of
market by using different marking tools.
P2. Evaluation of ways through which internal and external drivers of change impacts upon
leadership, team and individual behaviour
Change management should be incorporated in every organisation to increase
productivity and profits of the organisation. This is the main objective of change management to
improve output by making changes in the technologies, strategies, tools and techniques. Changes
helps the organisation to survive in the competitive world. Changes mainly stresses on
leadership, individual and team working in the organisation. Leaders can change the decisions
and strategies by considering competition and recent trends in the external environment and
formulate accordingly so that it can benefit the organisation at its best. They can also consider
internal environment, as it is the strength of any organisation. Changes are also important so that
it can achieve organisational goals and objectives in effective manner. Leaders can direct their
employees with recent changes so that the employees can implement the changes effectively.
Impact on leadership, individual and team of external factors are explained below:-
 Competitors led Drivers: There are number of competitors in the market which put
impact on the change management of the organisation. Competitors can be new start ups
or any small business due to which other organisation has to change their strategies to
maintain their position. It is important to dominate market and have core competency to

increase dominative in business in a market For example:- Apple and Samsung are
competitors of each other(Fyke, 2013).
 Government led Drivers: Alteration in policies and laws affects the strategies and
working of the Samsung and Apple Inc. To reduce the effects of the alteration, the
leaders of the companies can make modification in their working. Government in some
companies eases trading practices which help an organisation to grow in their business in
that market.
 Investors led Drivers: Increase in number of investors will lead in more funds and
revenue, thus the company will become strong. Investors are blood of Apple Inc. which
help them to remain strong financially. More the number of inverters investing in
organisation more will be organisational value in business market more they will have
competitive advantage in market place.
 Customer led Drivers: The main goal of every organisation is to make loyal customers.
If any company is successful in satisfying their customers then they are the top of other
companies. The company has to work round the clock to formulate strategies according
to the taste, preferences, likes and dislikes of the customer. Apple Inc. is at the top in
mobile industry due to loyal and satisfied customers.
 Technology led Drivers: The organisation have to adopt latest technologies to keep them
up to date. Latest technology will help them to increase their productivity. Apple Inc. and
Samsung have the latest technology which help them to remain ahead in the market.
Apart from the external factors, there are some internal changes also(Hintz, 2013 ). The
organisation uses some tools that help them in identifying the impact of changes. With PEST the
analysis can be done:
 Political: This include acts, rules and regulation made by the government which should
be followed properly and update them with any modification. Different government in
different countries have different trading policies which must be considered while doing
businesses.
 Economical: It include employment opportunities, national income, poverty rates, etc.
the company should provide better opportunities for their employees. Apart from this
they must be economical there are several countries which cannot afford their products.

 Social: This include life style, taste and preferences of people. Organisation should
accomplish needs and wants of their employees. They must also follow some ethical
values while doing business in different countries.
 Technological: Advance technology helps the organisation to lead in the market.
Innovation is an important factor ton prosper in market.
SWOT analysis -
 Strength: Apple and Samsung have their respective strengths which make them distinct
from each other. Apple have a strong base in market so they have to invest less in their
promotional activities as compared to Samsung
 Weakness: If these organisation have strengths then they will be having some
weaknesses also. Improvement in those can make them better.
 Opportunities: For Apple they have bucket full of opportunities as they have more loyal
customers than Samsung but Samsung is able to capture market with their low priced
cellphones.
 Threats: Competition leads to threat to the company as there are many competitors of
Apple and Samsung available in the market. e.g. Both the companies are competitor to
each other so sometimes flagship killers company like Micromax can make profit by
selling their product in low economic countries.
P3 Measures to minimise negative impact of changes on organisational behaviour
Modification in organisation can affect an organisation in either way. Managers must
focus on observing their business environment and remove all negative aspect fro the system.
While implementing different changes in organisation both Apple and Samsung must observe
impact on psychological changes on every individual working in business environment.
Staffs plays major role in organisation their corporation will increase managers
efficiency in administrating an organisation. For benefit of an organisation they must make a
between pathway for minimising impacts which decreases their productivity and value in
market.
 Creation of pathway – for creating better coordination among employees
communication plays a very important factor. It helps in rightly transfer of information

within the organisation which will make they goal oriented. Communication also helps in
motivating employees and inspire them in business environment.
 Expatiation about planning - Chances which are made in organisation must be
explained to employees so that they can play an effective role in achieving their goals in a
proper manner(Thomas, 2013).
 Participating in meetings and seminars- For dealing with changes in effectual way
company organises seminars and meeting where scope of business are explain. This
inclusion of employees will make them valuable in organisation. As they will be more
task oriented. Apple continuously change their policy according to business environment
of a region hence it will help them to sustain in environment.
 Management of planning and implementations – this is final step of of process and
overall process helps in minimising risks.
Apple always try to minimise threats and negative impacts. For appropriate implementing
modifications apple tend to use different approaches like.
Burke Litwin Model- this model define linkages between hypothesis of perforation of
organisation in both internal and external environment. They helps in providing frameworks for
environmental and organisational success. This theory have both practical and theoretical
approaches hence help in analysing all the factors related to environment(Finnigan, 2010 ) .

Illustration 1: Burke litwin model
this approach have 12 major dimension -
 strategy and dimension
 structure
 external environment
 strategy and mission
 management practices
 work unit climate
 system
 task and skills
 needs and values
 motivation
 organisational and individual performances.

These factors helps in minimising negative effects by considering each factors and analysing
their impacts.
TASK 2
P4 Different barrier of changes and their impact on decision making
In an organisation changes bring different issues hence problems sometimes cannot be
address properly. Hence it affect decision making of a leader and hamper working of an
organisation.
Various factors impacting decision makings
 Resistance to change and help efficiency perception- while changes are implemented
their employees have different opinion about it. Some op the staff do not take it as a
positive change as they have to learn and work on latest technology so for doing so they
have to enhance their knowledge and skills. Apple have an different team to assist them
in for these employees . They help in enhancing their skills by organising training and
programmes and by giving motivational speeches.
Apple work on technology hence always think of advancement so their employees always have
to be upgraded with the technology.
 Force field analysis – Kurt Lewis is the Father of this model . His thesis are used to
provide support to changes made. This theory have both benefit and drawbacks. He have
properly put the theories to manage working hours of employees but they do no provide
any measures against the adopting policies and technologies.
 Case study – this is used for research of market. This helps in observation of market in
current scenario and helps in getting ready to face future challenges. Case study also
helps in identifying current competitors of their business and analyst what impact they
can have in business environment. It is a very important task and can be handled by
experts , these people gives their views, ideas and opinions about the business strategies.
A case study have many outcomes and opinions so it is not sometimes easy to have a
decision making.
 Schein's organisational culture model- This model was provided by Edger Schien a
renowned professor in Eremites in management studies. Through his study he has defined
different criteria which has affected leadership. Decision making is not an easy task it