Leading Change: Comparing Organizational Strategies and Operations

This report analyzes the impact of change on organizational strategies and operations, comparing Thomas Cook and Cosmos Tour. It explores how internal and external drivers, such as competitors, government policies, investors, customers, and technology, influence leadership, team, and individual behavior within these companies. The report utilizes PEST and SWOT analyses to evaluate external and internal factors, respectively, and examines Kotter's theory for implementing change. Furthermore, it discusses measures to minimize the negative impacts of change on organizational behavior, including effective communication, clear explanations of plans, and active participation in meetings and seminars. The assignment aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of change management principles and their practical application in real-world business scenarios, ultimately focusing on effective leadership in navigating organizational transformations.

Understanding and
leading change

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1. Comparing two organisations with impact of change on an organisational strategy and
operation......................................................................................................................................1
P2. Evaluation of ways through which internal and external drivers of change impacts upon
leadership, team and individual behaviour..................................................................................3
M1 ..............................................................................................................................................5
M2 ..............................................................................................................................................5
D 1...............................................................................................................................................5
P3 Measure that can be taken to minimise negative impact of change on organisational
behaviour.....................................................................................................................................5
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................7
P4 Various barriers of changes and their impact upon decision making leadership...................7
M3...............................................................................................................................................8
D2 ...............................................................................................................................................8
TASK 3 ...........................................................................................................................................8
P5 Different approaches of leadership while dealing with change.............................................8
M4.............................................................................................................................................10
D3..............................................................................................................................................10
CCONCLUSION...........................................................................................................................10
REFRENCES.................................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Environment in which business exists is flexible in nature and it is important for manager
and leader of an organization to deal with several conditions of modification in a proper style so
that company can get adequate . Understanding of change is taken as a necessary factor for
enhancing business transactions much more prospering in nature. Thus, employees, leaders and
other staff working in company has to take such changes properly for increasing productivity and
generating revenue as much as possible (Anderson and Anderson, 2010). This report includes
comparability between two enterprises in which modification in business environment gives their
effect on operations and strategies. Whereas, drivers of changes causing on company behaviour
also get examine in good order and some barriers are also their which gives direct effect on
judgement making of leadership. Apart from this, there are various approaches of leadership are
also examine properly for meeting changes. This assignment consider Cosmos Tours and
Thomas cook both are in operation with success in United Kingdom and there main objective is
supply superior service and encourage Great Britain.
TASK 1
P1. Comparing two organisations with impact of change on an organisational strategy and
operation
When business environment changes, it includes modification in the operations of
organisation, procedure, policies and structure. As discussed earlier in nature, they are dynamic
so that they can give their impact in a positive and negative manner. All these things should be
understood by leaders and managers of organisation so that they can easily minimise negative
impacts. Instead of all these, if modifications are evaluated and examined properly then these
help in enhancing the productivity or generated more revenue. There are many small scale
enterprises in environment and they adapt changes in their trading operations and plan of action
so that they will be capable to deal with for development and better results.
There are several changes which are adopted by organisations like policies, strategy,
operations, employees and many more. These factors should be understood and examined by
manager and leader properly so that they can gain better outcomes. For dealing with these
changes, company needs proper plan and strategies this task is doing comparison between
Thomas Cook which is founded in 1881 product serve by them is international holidays,
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education Forex, Indian holidays, passport, insurance and visa services. On the other hand,
second company is Cosmos tour founded in 1961, headquarter of which is in Bromley, UK
services provided by them is holiday packages. Comparison between these two firms is as
follows-
Basic Thomas Cook Cosmos Tour
Emerging technologies Travel business is widest and
increasing sector in today
word. Thomas Cook is large
scale organisation because it is
serving variety of products for
that they requires technologies
for better product and
customer satisfaction (Aslan
and Reigeluth, 2013).
This is a small scale company
which requires appropriate
technologies for production
purpose. Thus, for new
technologies, firm requires
more funds. Emerging
technologies affect the
production of organisation.
Modification in external
factors
External factors include
government policies, substitute
products and new firms. If
these are changed then it can
give negative impact also
because of these changes large
organisation effect more. To
compete with these respective
company have to modify their
policies and strategies.
These factors affect less to
small organisations because
they are working in limited
area. Thus, these give less
impact and there is no need of
changing the strategies and
operations.
Structural changes These changes and
modification don't harm big
organisation and there is no
need of changes because
Thomas Cook already
following proper structural.
Structural changes gives
impact Cosmo Tour. Thus,
changes is required in
operating strategies so that
they can work efficiently and
effectively.
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All requirements related to changes should be framed in a proper manner.
 Operation- modification in operation activity of business results in better productivity
in efficient and effective manner. For all these leader have to make strategies and plan.
 Strategy- changes can be negative and positive to compete with these it is leader’s duty
to encourage and motivate personnel working in organisation. For modification
organisation have to do alteration in their strategies so that negative impact convert into
positive. PEST analysis is suitable for examine external factors and their impact.
P2. Evaluation of ways through which internal and external drivers of change impacts upon
leadership, team and individual behaviour
Modification management of company simply means implementation of appropriate
technologies, tools and techniques for gaining better outcomes that helps in generating revenue
as much as possible. Direct impact of changes in company is on individual, leader and team all
these are managed by manager and leaders. Instead of this, changes can be positive and negative
to minimise the effect of these on team and individual leaders have to take appropriate action.
Factors of external changes which gives impact on team, individual and leadership as explained
below-
 Competitors-led Drivers: when changes in environment take place it can be because of
new competitors that can be small companies and new start up. Thus, Thomas cook have
to take care of these changes because these modification done then Cosmos Tour became
competitor for Thomas Cook (Bingham and Main, 2010).
 Government-led Drivers: sometimes changes in government polices and strategies
effect Thomas Cook and Cosmos Tour. To prevent from there negative impacts they have
to design suitable strategies and plans for reducing risk towards leadership, individual
and team.
 Investors led Drivers: decrease and increase in number of investors this shows its effect
on organisation. If investors increase then fund for production and other work increase.
Instead of this performance and revenue also increase.
 Customer-led Drivers: customer are the one who help in maintain performance and
brand Imagen Thomas Cook and Cosmos Tour have to take care of changes in customer
taste and preferences. So that, they easily generate buyers of their products and services
which help in generating revenue.
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 Technology led Drivers: Thomas Cook and Cosmos Tour have to adopt latest
technology for effective and efficient working of their organisation. Latest equipments
and technology help in easily completion of work with less time and minimum wastage.
Instead of all these external factors, respective organisations have to use suitable analytical
techniques so with the help of these management get ready to compete with different problems in
good order. Although, such changes is fundamentally impacted on an organization carrying out
work which have to be design properly for better results (Branson, 2010). the appropriate
creature to carry off external drivers of alteration is PEST analysis:
 Political- this factor is related to legislative policies which have to be studied properly by
leaders so that organisation can manage different action in better manner. Modification in
policies of government gives direct impact to every individual working in organisation
because it gives many rights to employees. Leader of given organisation have to become
more active to deal with these changes.
 Economical- this factor includes national income, poverty rate, unemployment and many
more. This can be improved when company spend money on individual in their
development and also provide them sufficient salary. Changes in economic condition
gives direct impact on behaviour of individual as well as their workings.
 Social- lifestyle, taste, luxury and preferences are social factor organisation have to do
production according to the current trend in market and after analysing properly.
 Technological- latest and updated technologies are launched in market so Thomas Cook
and Cosmo Tour have to use new technologies. This help both the organisation in fast
production so that they can meet the changing demands of customers easily.
For analysing internal aspects of organisation SWOT analysis should be used-
 Strength: this factor help Thomas cook is dealing with changes and they have various
range of resources which help them. On the other hand, Cosmos Tour don't have that
much resources which help them in meeting these changes properly because this is small
scale organisation.
 Weakness: Thomas Cook is the organisation which get directly and huge effect of
changes in technology and political factors.
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 Opportunities: for Thomas Cook opportunity is their customers because they are dealing
at wide level. Whereas, other organisation Cosmo Tour have opportunity of that they start
commercial activity at huge level which help their individual to become more suitable.
M1
Drivers responsible form certain changes in organisations are
customer ler drivers – they are very important they derive the change in production and
promotion activities by changing their buying pattern
technology driver – an organisation must be up to date with latest technology to compete in
business market
investors – more the investment more the company will prosper in market place
M2
Kotter's theory has helped to get more profit from business environment it is a five step model in
which initial t steps are used for implementing changes which are required with recent trends
and next two points ensures that the theory must be recent to the problem and a final analyse of
implementing and consolidating change.
D 1
effective planning increases the chances of growth of organisation company must
focus on increasing the numbers of fliers by giving them discounts and link their fling
experience with accommodation and travelling which will increase the faith and goodwill
among the customers.
P3 Measure that can be taken to minimise negative impact of change on organisational behaviour
Changes can gives its negative impact sometimes and impact of the same vary
organisation to organisation (Carrington, Deppeler and Moss, 2010). Therefore, for this work
managers are their in company and they help in minimise the effect of negative changes so that
there can be proper outcome and generate revenue. Whenever Thomas Cook and Cosmos Tour
implement any alteration in their organisation they have to see its psychological impact on
individual working in company.
Personnel of an company refuse these modification management belief in organisation
which limit an administration to grow over and get ready every suitable and effectual in quality.
Therefore, this is also essential for management to proceeds any proper path in command to
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decrease unsupportive effect like action to alteration in an organisation activeness.(How to
Overcome Resistance to Change in an Organization, 2018):
 Creation of pathway: communication should be effective in every organisation and they
also have to create a pathway for that. Two way transfer of information motivate
employees as well as beneficial for organisation also.
 Explain about plans: whatever the plan and strategies related to alteration is made by
managers or leaders it should be communicate to each and every employees so that, they
can work properly and no chances of risk (Doppelt, 2017).
 Participation in seminars and meetings: this is also a way which help in dealing with
modification and cut down chances of negative effect of changes and they have to take
activistic involvement in group meetings and several functional things. so that, strategies
related to that can be easily designed. Apart from this, engagement in seminars and
meeting group is an necessary react for Thomas Cook and Cosmos Tour when they track
to carry off resistivity to alteration.
 Manage planning and its implementation: every organisation need person from every
team who is capable to deal with several issues and changes in proper manner. Hence,
work of these employees is to carry off plan and form them hard-hitting in nature by
appropriate carrying out of whole strategy. Thus, managers of given company needed to
be much focusing on pull off preparation and its effectuation.
 Implementation of plan with suitable goals and targets: This is the ending step which
help in minimising risk is use the scheme which is related to the modification. Therefore,
organisation require to make objective and goals in effect so that alteration can get
properly carry off effectively and negative impact of these can be minimise (Inozu and et.
al., 2011).
Organisation mention in this assignment has to implement these steps in organisation so
that, they can take proper action for minimising impact of negative aspects in company. For
effectiveness and appropriation in alteration Thomas Cook can use Burke Litwan Model. This
model describe effect and modification relation between 12 dimension of company these all
elements are related to external factor which should be analysed properly for better outcomes.
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TASK 2
P4 Various barriers of changes and their impact upon decision making leadership
Self efficiency perception and resistance to change:- When latest alteration is implemented in
enterprise environment then employees working in that company has their own views and
opinion for changes made. For career growth most of the personnel take modification as negative
because they have to use new technologies, skills and knowledge for completing task assigned to
them. Most of time, idea and perception of employees are negative and they need changes so that
can convert into positive opinions (Finnigan and Stewart, 2010).
There are several problem that can be arise when modification is implementing in
organisation one of them is related to technology for working on updated or latest technologies
employees need training and for this expertise is required.
Force field analysis :- Kurt Lewin has given this model in the support of change in culture of
organisation but the same have some criticism in the form of overtime of staff loss, external
factor of business environment impact and new technology adoption is fearful for employees.
Case study :- in this method market research is necessary for understanding the issue and for
this work there is need of proper team in which various cases are given to every employees.
Main objective of conducting research is to know about market condition and is there any
competitors of them in market. In the whole process who so ever is doing this work find out
various opinions, ideas and views. This is very hard for a leader to choose one from various or
which is suitable for problem. Decision making is the main barrier in case study.
Schein's organisation culture model :- Edgar schien is the professor of management Emeritus
who has given this model and explain effect of leadership and culture of organisation. Main
problem in decision making for an organisation is personal conflicts, internal and external
environmental factors, bureaucracy and many more these are problematic (Fyke and Buzzanell,
2013).
Decision related to adoption of new technologies, improvement in product, increase or
decrease in price, supply chain. There are the main barriers when decisions related to
implementation of modification are taken place. Some other difficulty affiliated to space and
time while the designing of culture is formed then it requires more and more time, area for
modify that leads to alteration of lacking business chances.
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M3
Factors like customers , employees , funds are regarded as force died analysis they heavily
influence decision making as high rate of customers will increase equity shares of a company ,
employees are also very important as good employee base will help in achieving the goal in a
corporative and finally funding , a good funding will help in making a better decisions and helps
in implementations of innovative ideas
D2
This analysis evaluate major factors of an organisation hence making it an important and
effective tool for analysis of all the activities of an organisation. Without funding, employee and
customer management the organisation cannot prosper and grow in market palace .
TASK 3
P5 Different approaches of leadership while dealing with change
Paul Hersey and Ken Blanchard are the authors who has given situational leadership
theory in 1969. the same is depend on two behaviour that is supportive and directive behaviour.
This is explained with the help of four levels i.e. leaders have to show low supportive behaviour
and high directional behaviour. When there is a situation of deputation leaders have to show low
direction and low supportive behaviour. In the condition of leader selling demo all two factor
high. If they reckon in regard of involved level leader display high accessory and low guiding
action (Fullan, 2014).
In this theory it is explained that one leadership approach is not suitable for today flexible
era there is need of more for better results and outcomes. Thomas Cook is a developing company
which follow situational leadership style for achieving their target.
Initiating change- for modification in company leaders have to take sometimes big or small
steps for implementing policies, plan, technologies and strategies according to the business
environment external factors. Alteration in overall working of organisation can be effect in
positive or negative manner. hence, it is necessary for leaders to first understand changes in
proper manner and them start working on it.
 Leaders responsibilities in organisation is to manage everything in organisation proper
manner so that manger can complete there work in proper manner.
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 This model help organisation in achieving its objectives in proper manner so that they can
generate maximum revenue as much as they can and motivate personnels to give there
hundred percent to company.
Kotter's 8-step change model:-
this model is basically introduced for effective management of changes in organisation
and also for implementing these modification in company. First three steps of this theory help in
creation of suitable environment that help in meeting changes. After these next two helps in
linkup the alteration with business environment. At last two steps are related to final execution
and consolidation of the modification:
 Increase urgency- sometimes there is urgent requirement of adopting changes in
organisation. So that they help in better production and generation revenue.
 Build guiding team- this requires to build a effective group which can easily work on the
changes made in management. Main objective of this is to cooperate and coordinate
between group members. This encourage and motivate employees working in
organisation.
 Develop the vision- everyone should have to know about the vision of company sop that
they know what organisation need and employees work according to that.
 Communicating for buy in- communication should be necessary and effective so that
they can easily transfer or convey messages.
 Empower Action- for empowering company have to take some action for removing
accomplish hindrance.
 Create short term wins- company have to make some short term goal also because it
motivate more to each a short goals.
 Don't let up- company focus on many goals instead of one for better results and
outcomes.
 Make change stick- last step involves implementation of changes for best outcomes and
results.
This above mention approaches and models help in development of organisation as well
in many ways so that employees get job satisfaction and organisation get future growth.
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M4
Leadership is very important organisation as an leader is responsible for initiating changes
according to change in business environment, change in environment leads to different ,
negative an productive feedback and leader must focus on and resolve the issues as soon as
possible .
D3
Kottler's 8-step change of model helps in making leadership effective as it is 360degree analysis
of any problem related to both internal and external environment features of the model is
increasing seance of urgency, helps in building team, development of a specific goal , making
action and formation of a visor or a target to achieve their goals .
Apart from goal orientation they are also helpful in making plan to minimise impact of market
change as well as effective usage of employment resources.
CCONCLUSION
From the above report it is conclude that leaders in organisation is playing important role
in implementing alteration. For leaders it is necessary to firstly understand environment changes
properly before implementing so that there will be no negative effect on organisation. Apart from
this various things are explained in this how organisation can minimise the negative impacts of
modification in company. Insted of these there are many leadership approaches which help in
meeting changes and also motivate employees for adopt these alteration. Along with this, impact
of external and internal drivers on leadership, team and individuals are explained and decision
making which is important part for company for that suitable strategies are described which help
managers and leaders in this process.
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