Understanding and Leading Change

This report discusses the importance of understanding and leading change within organizations, particularly focusing on the case of Thomas Cook. It covers various aspects such as the impact of change on organizational strategy and operations, internal and external drivers of change, barriers to change, and different leadership approaches. The report emphasizes the need for effective change management strategies to minimize negative impacts on organizational behavior and enhance decision-making processes.

Understanding and Leading
change

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1 Comparison between two organisations with impact of change on an organisational
strategy and operations...........................................................................................................1
P2 Measurement of internal and external drivers of change related to leadership individual
and team..................................................................................................................................3
P3 Measure that can be taken to minimise negative impact of change on organisational
behaviour................................................................................................................................5
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................6
P4 Different barriers of change and their influence on decision making...............................6
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................7
P5 Different approaches of leadership while dealing with change........................................7
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
Understanding the changes has became essential for both management as well as for
leaders of an organisation to attain their desired goals and objectives. In order to grow it is must
for every single firm to make alterations if it is necessary (Nahavandi, 2016). Under this
assignment, company which has been chosen i.e. Thomas Cook that is rapidly looking forward to
gain competitive advantages in tour and travel sector. This enterprise was found in the year of
2007 and serving to its clients at both domestic and at international level. Leaders are the one
who direct subordinates so that they can hit their own targets and managers plays a role where
they manages all actions and activities through which company can run its business in successful
manner. Assignment is going to include different firms and impact of changes on them. Along
with this, external and internal drivers that may affect leadership, team and individual behaviour.
Lastly, some barriers that may put impact on decision making process of both leaders and of
managers as well.
TASK 1
P1 Comparison between two organisations with impact of change on an organisational strategy
and operations
Changes and modifications are a part of business which need to better understand by
managers so that beneficial work suppose to get done (Anderson and Anderson, 2014). This
could be in the form of policies, process and procedure of a company which need to better
understand by managers so that effective and efficient outcome could be drawn. Every business
have their own working pattern as well as strategy and operations nature. Thus, whenever any
kind of change arrive, their nature to deal with them also have definite structure. This need to
understand by managers of both the firms so that effective and efficient results could be
estimated. Change could be in the form of positive and negative consideration as it all up to the
managers and leaders that how they could respond on it.
Business changes could be in the form of any consideration whether it relate with strategy
formulation and its execution or could be in the form of operations. As with such aspects
management working abilities also used to get modify with a definite course of time (Aslan and
Reigeluth, 2013). This will enhance their working and capabilities to deal out various
considerations. Thomas Cook and Cosmos Tours are two acclaimed visit administrators of the
UK with their fitting managing. Thomas Cook is an expansive relationship with outlets in around
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each country. Then again, Cosmos is a little visit administrator of UK. In vast firms, odds of
hazard are all the more however in little associations, dangers are generally less. A legitimate
examination between both these relationship all together with change affect on procedure and
tasks are expressed as take after:
Basis Thomas Cook Cosmos Tour
Change in external factors This could be deal out with
aspects of PEST which
completely associated with
macro environment. Business
need to understand the changes
arrive in political position,.
Technological intervention etc.
in better manner. Thomas
Cook have a definite pattern of
working. Thus, such changes
need to understand by
management properly because
chances of harm are more due
to operating at vast level.
The chances of impact on
Cosmos Tours would be
relatively low in nature
because they have an
establishment at smaller level
or micro level. Thus, they got
impacted once the Brexit used
to take place.
Structural change Large corporations used to
follow an appropriate and
suitable hierarchy for working.
Hence, another change which
could be impacted the working
and operations most is
structural change. Thomas
Cook need to consider and
evaluate better strategies to
deal with such consents.
This sort of progress emerge in
business at such purpose
obviously when Cosmos
prompts begin working at an
extensive level. In this manner,
numerous workers oppose to
change which isn't fitting for
an association and
subsequently, their tasks get
affected contrarily.
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Strategy: On the basis of provided data and evaluation, management of Thomas Cook
required to craft strategies as per the align working. Like whenever any kind of change arise in
macro environment then management also have to modify their working strategies and
operations (Bingham and Main, 2012). This will enable them to maximise their operations in
better and suitable manner so that competitive edge could be maintain as well as change could be
manage properly without any negative influence.
P2 Measurement of internal and external drivers of change related to leadership individual and
team
Leadership is referred to be an act of leading a group of people towards organisational
goals. It is essential for an individual to possess leadership capabilities so that he is able to attain
favourable outcomes in terms of performance (Branson, 2015). Whereas, teams are mentioned to
be an association of group of members with distinct expertise placed together to achieve
organisational objectives. It is said that behaviour of individual, team and leaders get influenced
by numerous factors which are known to bring altercations and simultaneously leading to
positive changes within an organisation. A brief description of internal and external drivers are
as follows:
Internal drivers for change: The internal environment within business tend to affect
affect behaviour of individual, teams and leadership approaches as well. The prime element
which tend to influence organisational behaviour revolves around atmosphere within
environment. The internal culture can be based on features such as trust, respect and harmony
among members which positively influences performance outcomes. Another aspect which tend
to influence internal environment is the locus on control (Carrington, Deppeler and Moss, 2012).
The individuals or leaders which are provided with control tend to feel more empowered and
work efficiently in order to attain results. The presence of competition influences operations as
well, addition of numerous organisation in tourism segment tend to threaten market position of
the company. Finally the most influential factor is technology, possession of latest technology
help in performing existing function in an much improved and efficient manner.
External drivers for change: These are the forces which tend to influence behaviour of
individual, teams and leadership from factors which beyond control of a business organisation.
The most important feature is economy of the country due to their direct relation. The fluctuation
of market tend to influence business operations which could be managed by forming a
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contingency plan. The level of satisfaction which has been derived by the customers prior to
availing service determines its future. Therefore it is essential for management to form customer
centric decision and approaches. The policies, decisions, tax policies which have been
formulated by the government can be referred to as crucial factor which help in ascertaining
behaviour of individual within organisation (Doppelt, 2017).
It can be said that there is a direct linkage between changes which take place in the
internal and external environment of Thomas Cook. A leader have to consider critical all factors
of internal and external environment so that right approaches are formulated. The development
of strategies and policies are make sure that objectives of this business are achieved. The various
segments which are considered while opting for suitable leadership revolves around level of
control, authority and influence which a leader wishes to retain. Here is a brief description
between emergent and planned changes in respect to an organisation.
Basis Planned Change Emergent Change
Meaning These are referred to deliberate
and intentional changes which
are incorporated by the
management. It is an
contemporary approach
through which business is able
to retain its operations.
Emergent changes are referred
to as output which results out
of experimentation which has
been carried out by an
organisation. It is an
integrated approach which
turns out to be complex than
planned change.
Impact The impact on business with
incorporation of planned
changes is that it is now able to
deal with alteration in the
internal and external
environment.
The impact of emergent
change is that individuals are
able to understand their roles
and responsibilities in business
in an improved manner.
Employees are empowered and
known to form better decision
on behalf of organisation.
Benefits The major benefits which The major benefit which can
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could be availed through
planned changes are increased
in productivity and quality of
services which are offered to
consumers. The additional
feature is that expansion
strategies in the market could
be fulfilled in ideal manner.
be availed through undertaking
emergent changes is that it
helps in delivering right
services to the consumers.
Emergent changes results in
innovation and results in
upliftment in moral of
employees.
P3 Measure that can be taken to minimise negative impact of change on organisational behaviour
If Thomas Cook adopt various changes administration plan then they have to undertake
various probable risk cause this will support their influence over the organisational structure
along with the enterprise's culture (Thomas and et. al., 2013). Henceforth, this is essential for
administration of enterprise to evaluate the risk effectively as well as reduce their procedure of
working. There are various techniques and methods that will carry out the organisational
influence which has been mentioned under this report:
Resistance among employee: This has been evaluated that if organisation adopt various
elements, techniques and business elements which influence the structure of organisation in
direct style. Significantly, organisation opt traditional procedure to organise the practices in more
efficient manner. In the other term, this can be defined when the members of staff reduse to
accept the alternation then this can optimise which can help organisation in making more
productivity. Through the help of this, various plans and strategies can be developed that can
help in making policies which are essential for organisation. This can assist them with their
growth and success (van der Voet, Kuipers and Groeneveld, 2015).
Expenses: In the present scenario, this is fundamental for business enterprise to adopt the
various alternation so that the company will able to sustain within competitive marketplace for
the longer period of time. Thomas Cook has to execute inventive elements to services and
products because this can aid them in making benefits from rivals. As Thomas Cook is
organising their business at more large scale, therefore, this is not essential for them to arrange
the business finance. But, if an organisation is operating their practices on small level then they
will cope with various problems. Henceforth, this is essential for finance division to frame the
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suitable budget in regard of reducing the weed cost from the association. This is essential for
examine and evaluate those elements. In order to overcome from those barrier, the manager will
render the session of training to subordinates. As the outcome, unwanted wastage and cost from
process of working will get decreased (Anderson and Anderson, 2014).
Failure and Support Dearth: A firm will face various issues as well as this will emerge
cause of the data exchange deficiency and miscommunication. This is required for Thomas Cook
worker to support and accept as this will help intro success and growth. This can help in
supporting and rendering so they can maximise their effectiveness. This is required to evaluate
the strategies and tactics which can help in enhancing performance of worker.
Morale: Numerous factor such as capabilities, skills and confidence affect the morals of
an individual. These elements are essential to achieve the target within certain time period.
Thomas Cook can enhance their production level revenues through adopting changes that can
assist them in achieving their objectives efficiently (Aslan and Reigeluth, 2013).
TASK 2
P4 Different barriers of change and their influence on decision making
Obstacles in company will arise due to distinctiveness in culture of organisation
(Finnigan and Stewart, 2012). This will provide impact to working procedure as well as decision
making procedure of an enterprise. On the other hand, there are some issues which will develop
clashes amongst distinguish managerial level, such as internal and external elements, personality
conflicts and so on.
It is required for leader to take decision regarding development of product, supply chain,
adopt latest methods, enhance price of an items and many more. If there is any alteration in
structure of business then this will provide impact to overall working of firm either in a direct or
indirect manner. On the other hand, there is some other problems related to organisational
structure as it takes a lot time and in addition cost. If it is not done properly then, firm will not be
able to take opportunities at marketplace (Fullan, 2014).
Self efficiency perceptions and resistance to change:
If there is any kind of modification in culture of company then, there are some
perceptions which will be developed by individuals who are working over there. Workers think
that, if there is any modifications in culture then, this will provide impact to their growth.
Therefore, they resist to any change which will lead to obstructions for enterprise. Therefore,
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some strategies will be formulated by superior; hence, they will transform adverse thinking into
positive.
Other issue will develop while adopting new techniques because if staff members are not
trained then, they will not be able to complete work in a professional manner. In this manner,
they will not be able to complete overall work within limited period of time (Fyke and Buzzanell,
2013).
Force field analysis:
It is provided by by Kurt Lewin which support change in culture, but there are many
criticism develop against it. With assistance of this, leader was not much able to obtain effective
judgement. As a result, staff members will not use latest techniques in an appropriate way and it
leads to huge loss.
Case study:
According to this, when superior of company conduct market research then, they have to
manage entire group meeting and they will provide distinctive case study to each worker.
Therefore, they will be able to formulate some strategies to take benefits from rivals. In this,
discussion is made on distinctive thoughts and opinions. Hence, it is considered as most effective
barrier in process of decision making (Hintz and Bahia, 2013).
Situational resistance to change:
As indicated by this, modification in organisation will take place as per targets and goals
of an affiliation. Therefore, they will be able to accomplish coveted targets and goals within
limited period of time. But in this circumstances, leader determine that staff members are not fit
as per working surroundings (Inozu and et. al., 2011).
TASK 3
P5 Different approaches of leadership while dealing with change
In order to influence workers towards accomplishment of company's goals and
objectives, managers and leaders use various kinds of leadership theories. In context with tours
and travels organisations like Thomas Cook having business in many countries, so it has adopted
many tools and techniques along with leadership styles to solve intense situation appropriately
(Bingham and Main, 2012). According to situations arise in industry, this company used
following leadership theories as:-
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Laissez Faire: This leadership theory is used to manage employees in a firm who are
much talented and skilled. When workers are more experienced then to manage and control them
is not easy for management of big organisations like Thomas Cook. So, using Laissez theory of
leadership managers can interact easily wit staff and take their feedback. This will assist in
providing positive environment as well as maintain relationship of employees with employers
(Branson, 2015).
Participative: This theory also termed as democratic which is adopted by many
companies including Thomas Cool. Through this theory, managers used to include participation
of workers in decision making process. This will improves the relations of employees with
management as well as boost their morale. Sharing views and opinions of them help managers to
take decisions in a proper manner. Along with this, such procedure generate feeling of equality
in workforce also.
Transactional: Through this theory of leadership, managers used to observe performance
of each employee in accomplishment of a task (Carrington, Deppeler and Moss, 2012).
According to their contribution, management appreciate them by providing performance
appraisal system. Rather than this, if employees so not work in desired manner then managers
give punishment also. This process improves performance of employees and increase their
productivity also (How to Overcome Resistance to Change in an Organization, 2018).
Transformational: This leadership theory help managers to maintain good
communication within organisation. In order to interact with workers, management organises
various conference meeting with them and communicate with them to analyse their needs in
accomplishment of a task (Doppelt, 2017).
These leadership skills help employers to maintain working system in a proper manner.
But apart from this, in order to deal with changes in organisational culture and system they need
to adopt Kotter 8 step model. This would help in implementation of changes properly into
business operations in the following manner:- Create a sense of urgency: It is a first step of Kotter model which helps in creating
awareness in employees about change management in their companies. This would help
in initiating changes into working system by managers easily so that they can work in
effective manner (Finnigan and Stewart, 2012).
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 Guide coalition: This step assist managers to make a team who can support them in
implementing changes accordingly through effective communication skills. Formation of vision: Thomas Cook should keep on making alterations in their vision as
it has been located that changes in business line comes in rapid manner. Enlist volunteer army: This element plays an important role in an organisation as it helps
in advising employees and aid in filling the staff members with motivation so that they
grab changes in an effective manner (Fullan, 2014). Removing barrier: Another phase where it is must for firms to locate barriers and remove
them as soon as possible so that it won't put impact on profitability of firm. Short term wins: It is necessary for Thomas Cook to keep on making alterations in their
products and services so that they can accomplish tasks which are small in nature (Fyke
and Buzzanell, 2013).
 Sustain acceleration: Sustainability can be improvised with the help of making
modifications in services which are being given by Thomas Cook.
CONCLUSION
From above mentioned report, it has been concluded that changes may bring positive and
negative impact on decision making process of both leaders and managers. Training programmes
should be conducted by administration on a regular basis so that issues can be resolved right on
time of all employees of firms. Away from this, various leadership approaches may aid in
making effective determinations so that changes may help in giving rivalry to competitors.
Lastly, hitting targets becomes really very easy if updated technology is being adopted by
organisation right on time.
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REFERENCES
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Branson, C. M., 2015. Leading educational change wisely. Rotterdam: Sense Publishers.
Carrington, S., Deppeler, J. and Moss, J., 2012. Cultivating teachers' knowledge and skills for
leading change in schools. Australian journal of teacher education. 35(1). pp.1-13.
Doppelt, B., 2017. Leading change toward sustainability: A change-management guide for
business, government and civil society. Routledge.
Finnigan, K. and Stewart, T., 2012. Leading change under pressure: An examination of principal
leadership in low-performing schools. Journal of School Leadership. 19(5). pp.586-618.
Fullan, M., 2014. Leading in a culture of change personal action guide and workbook. John
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Fyke, J. P. and Buzzanell, P. M., 2013. The ethics of conscious capitalism: Wicked problems in
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Hintz, C. and Bahia, H., 2013. Understanding mechanisms leading to asphalt binder fatigue in
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Inozu, B. and et. al., 2011. Performance improvement for healthcare: Leading change with lean,
six sigma, and constraints management. McGraw Hill Professional.
Nahavandi, A., 2016. The Art and Science of Leadership -Global Edition. Pearson.
Thomas, T. and et. al., 2013. Leading change and innovation in teacher preparation: A blueprint
for developing TPACK ready teacher candidates. TechTrends. 57(5). pp.55-63.
van der Voet, J., Kuipers, B. and Groeneveld, S., 2015. Held back and pushed forward: leading
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Online
How to Overcome Resistance to Change in an Organization. 2018. [Online]. Available
through :<http://smallbusiness.chron.com/overcome-resistance-change-organization-
154.html>.
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