Icon College: Understanding and Leading Change Report - HND Business

This report delves into the critical aspects of understanding and leading change within organizations. It begins by examining the impact of change on strategies and operations, using Amazon and eBay as case studies. The report then explores how internal and external drivers, such as organizational culture, financial management, and employee morale, influence team and individual behavior. It also addresses the challenges of change, including barriers and their effects on leadership decision-making, and uses force field analysis to identify driving and resisting forces. Furthermore, the report applies various leadership approaches to manage change effectively, discussing how these approaches can deliver successful organizational transformations and the use of relevant tools and frameworks. Overall, the report offers a comprehensive overview of change management, equipping readers with insights and strategies for navigating organizational transitions.

Understanding and
Leading Change

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................................3
Main Body...................................................................................................................................................3
Discuss examples of different organization along with impact of change over strategies and operations
of organization.........................................................................................................................................3
Discuss how internal as well as external drivers of changes affect behavior of team, individuals within
an organization........................................................................................................................................6
Discuss measures which can be adopted to minimize negative impact of change management on
organizational behavior.........................................................................................................................10
Discuss different barriers of changes along with their impact over leadership decision making in
organizational context............................................................................................................................12
Use force field analysis to identify driving as well as resisting forces and also depict their impact over
decision making process........................................................................................................................15
Apply different approaches of leadership for dealing with changes in context organization.................15
Discuss the way in which approaches of leadership can deliver effective organizational changes along
with application of appropriate tools and frameworks...........................................................................17
CONCLUSION.........................................................................................................................................19
REFRENCES............................................................................................................................................20

INTRODUCTION
Now, changes have become a crucial part of each and every organization as it is
imperative for bringing innovation as well as creativity at market place. For change management,
there is requirement to prepare appropriate strategies so that organization gets sustainable edge
over other competitors (Grove and Gray, 2018). In the current report, Amazon is taken into
consideration which is well known ecommerce giant headquartered in America. It offers a range
of products such as home appliances, electronics, accessories and more at a single platform. The
present report includes comparison between impact of change management between two
organizations on the basis of their strategies and operations. Further, different internal as well as
external drivers which affect change have also been discussed in the report along with barriers of
change at work place. In addition, different leadership approaches in context of change
management have also been discussed in the following report. Moreover, it provides a detailed
overview on understanding as well as leading changes at work place.
Main Body
Discuss examples of different organization along with impact of change over strategies and
operations of organization
Amazon
Overview of company:
It is a renowned company which works in ecommerce filed by providing range of
products at a single platform. It was started in 1994 by Jeff Bezos as a website for online book
selling. Now, Amazon has become an ecommerce giant that is using advance technologies in an
efficient manner for meeting with different needs & requirements of customers across the globe.
Impact of changes:
Strategies: It is analyzed that now companies work in such an environment that is
changing rapidly. There are a lot of changes are being introduced that are related to internal as
well as external environment of organization. In reference of Amazon, they are highly affected
with changes in taxation policies, tariff rates by government of different countries

(DENENBERG, 2020). In addition, technological changes also affect business of organization in
significant manner. So, administration of Amazon needs to formulate effective strategies so that
they can meet with different change drivers in an appropriate way. It is analyzed that Amazon is
working within nearly 17 countries across the globe so it is highly affected with changes which
are coming in political as well as economical environment of different countries. In this regard,
managers of respective company are required to formulate appropriate strategies for meeting
with such changes effectively. It is analyzed that changes within internal as well as external
environment put a great impact over strategies of Amazon which is crucial to analyze by
managers for preparing effective strategies. For instance, the US, china trade war put great
adverse impact over Amazon as it need to make a lot of changes within the current strategies.
Operations: There are a lot of changes introduced in the operations of a company. It is
analyzed due to technological changes Amazon needs to make necessary modifications in its
existing working approach. Now, all the work is more technology oriented where there is lower
requirement of human resource. In some cities, Amazon has already been started drone delivery
system. So, these change drivers put a lot of impact over operational efficiency of company. For
instance, there are several advancements in terms of robotics and automation is being introduced
in the field which is helpful in improving overall operational efficiency. So, Amazon also needs
to adopt these changes by adopting technological advancements in their daily operations which
will help in improving operational efficiency of company. These changes will improve overall
productivity and efficiency of business on other side it might incurred huge cost for bringing
such changes. It is analyzed that Amazon is looking forward to use drones in order to deliver
goods to customers in timely manner. This change in operations will help company in terms of
getting competitive edge by improving overall efficiency and productivity.
EBay:
Overview of company:
In this, EBay is a strong competitor of Amazon and a leading ecommerce company. It
was founded in the year of 1995 to facilitate B2B as well as B2C business models. It is currently
working within 32 countries across the globe. There are varieties of goods provided by
organization through its website.

Impact of changes:
Strategies: It is stated that EBay is highly technology oriented thus they prepare such
strategies by which they can bring innovation at market place. In addition, the organization is
working within different countries across the globe so affected with political, social as well as
other changes. They need to identify changes and prepare strategies accordingly (Wallensteen,
2018). EBay is a well known organization which is affected with changes in economical
conditions of such countries in which they are operating. In addition, culture of all the counties
are not same so company also need to modify its product for meeting with requirements of
international audience. For meeting with these changes, it is vital for organization to make
necessary changes in strategies for ensuing long term survival in market place. It is analyzed that
there are a lot of regulations have been prepared for ecommerce companies at global level. For
instance, cyber law, data protection law and so on. Here, EBay also need to apply these laws
which might bring changes in their current strategies in an efficient manner.
Operations: There are ample of operations from production to delivering end products
performed by organization. For this, they need to depend on several external drivers such as
transportation, logistic and other resources. Here, changes in these facilities significantly affect
operations of company. It is stated that changes in logistic, transportation and other norms will
affect the daily operations of organization as it is working within ecommerce where they
required to provide timely delivery to customers. Failing in dealing with such changes might
bring a lot of adverse impacts for company. For instance, due to COVID 19, supply chain of
company has been affected significantly which put a great impact on their daily operations. It
disrupted their efficiency to meet with requirements of customers in timely manner. So, they
need to adjust with new approaches to maintain operational efficiency in significant manner.
With above discussion, it is analyzed that both the organizations are highly affected with
changes in internal as well as external drivers. They need to modify their strategies, operations as
per change in environmental conditions. There are different drivers identify for both the
organization which need to analyze by managers in significant manner (Snell, McGaha and
Brooks, 2017).

Assess different drivers for change along with the types of organizational changes they have
affected
It is analyzed that several drivers of are present within environment which cause changes
within organization. For instance, internal drivers such as culture, potential of employees,
availability of resource affected productivity as well as profitability of company. These drivers
have major internal impact which have direct link with operation of entity. On other side, there
are some external elements such as technological, political conditions within country which
cause changes in strategies of organization.
Discuss how internal as well as external drivers of changes affect behavior of team, individuals
within an organization
Internal Drivers:
In organization, there are a lot of internal drivers which cause changes within company.
These elements are related to internal environment and put direct impact over productivity and
profitability of business. In addition, these factors have power to influence behavior of teams as
well as individuals at work place. In this regards, certain internal drivers are mentioned below:
Organizational Culture: Culture of an organization is a combination of behavior,
attitude, and personality of different individuals who are working together to attain common
goals. It is not necessary to have similarities in organizational culture of two companies. It may
differ on a lot of aspects such as internal environment, relationship between managers and
employees, communication, hierarchical structure and more (Siapera, 2017). For this, Amazon
makes sure to maintain positive as well as friendly work culture where all the employees have
right to put their opinion for betterment of organization. By this way, they are able to enhance
performance of teams as well as individuals at work place.
Influence over team behavior: There are a lot of people works within company. They need to
work as a team for achieving common goal. It is often seen that positive culture facilitates
positive behavior and develop team sprit among individuals which eventually drives positive
outcomes for business.

Influence over individual behavior: It is stated that culture prevailing within organization
significantly affect behavior of individuals at work place. Here, positive culture drives positive
outcomes by motivating staff members in an appropriate way.
Schein’s model of culture change: According to this mode, employees do not adopt change
instantly rather they practice with it every day which make them enable to work with
transformation in an effective manner. As per this model, there are three levels of organization
culture which are mentioned below:
Artifacts: It is the first level which is considered as the characteristics of organization that can be
viewed, felt as well as heard by individuals within organization.
Values: Under this, values of employees are considered as significant part of organization culture
as it helps in deciding the culture of organization. Thoughts, viewpoints of work force put a great
impact over the culture of organization.
Assumed values: It is the third and final level that cannot be measured but still put a great impact
over culture of company. There are a lot of factors which are hidden still put a great impact over
culture of organization in an efficient manner.
Finance management: Finance is required to undertake different business activities in an
efficient way. For this, there are a lot of sources such as bank loans, equity and more can be
used. Financial management is also concern with making appropriate use of available funds with
an aim to enhance overall profitability. It is analyzed that managers of Amazon take decision to
maximize profitability of company. Their decision is highly affected with availability as well as
use of funds in an appropriate way.
Influence over team behavior: In present time, there are a lot of softwares and tools are
used in finance management. These tools also influence and bring changes in the working
methodology. For this purpose all the team members are required to work together to attain
predefined goals.
Influence over individual behavior: Each and every individual who is working with
company needs to have knowledge about finance management. It is vital for managing funds
within company in an efficient manner.

Employee morale: In organization, employees are crucial part of business who perform
assigned roles & responsibilities efficiently to ensure overall growth and success of company.
For motivating employees, it is imperative to adopt appropriate monetary as well as non
monetary techniques (Rolfes, Pinna and Whitney, 2020). Here, managers need to determine
appropriate techniques of motivation as per needs, requirements staff members. It is stated that
motivation significantly affect behavior, attitude as well as performance of teams and individuals
within company. Motivated work force tends to work more effectively. In reference of Amazon,
managers prepare such strategies by which they can motivate employees in an efficient manner.
Influence over team behavior: It is started that appropriate motivation is helpful for team
members so that they can coordinate with changes and put maximum efforts to attain
organizational goals.
Influence over individual behavior: Individual also get affect with appropriate motivation
as it inspire them to work hard so that organization can grow and succeed. In addition, enhancing
morale is also vital for improving personal growth and potential.
SWOT Analysis of Amazon
Strength Weakness
 Amazon is a leading brand of
ecommerce thus getting advantage in
term of strong brand value and presence
in market place.
 It is considered that Amazon uses
effective technologies as well as
innovation to bring advancements in
market place.
 Amazon has faced a lot failure due to
not acceptance of some products in
market such as fire phone and more.
 It is stated that company was found
guilty of tax aversion in UK and US
which adversely affect its existing
brand image.
Opportunities Threat
 There is huge scope for Amazon to
expand business in such countries in
which they are not working yet. By this
way, organization will be able to earn
 Amazon is facing extensive
competition from local shops as well as
other ecommerce companies such as
EBay, Alibaba and more.

substantial profit margin for future
betterment.
External drivers:
There are a lot of external factors which also cause changes and significantly affect
behavior of team, individuals at work place. For this purpose a model called PESTLE analysis is
applied in the current scenario which is discussed as under:
Political factors: In this, factors that are related to political environment of a country is
considered in significant manner. Changes in current government policy also bring change in
existing business policies. It is stated that Amazon is working across the globe. So, managers
need to monitor political environment of different countries and prepare strategies accordingly. It
also affects current operations of organization which eventually lead change in behavior of team
& individuals within company (Bridges and Bridges, 2019).
Economical factors: It is stated that there are a lot of economical factors such as interest
rate, disposable income, inflation, demand, supply and more. These all elements are concerned
with economical environment of different countries. In context of Amazon, they are creating
more job opportunities especially in UK and US market. While taking decisions, managers also
consider prevailing conditions of economy so that they can sustain in international market for
longer duration. It is analyzed that during four quarter of 2020 Amazon booked sales of nearly
$125.6 billion There is a forecast that sales of company will increase by 33 to 40 % in 2021
which shows the growth opportunities of organization. Due to change in economical factors
organization is required to bring necessary changes in its current strategy which will further
affect working practices and approaches of individuals and teams.
Social Factors: It includes different elements which are related to needs, wants, desire of
customers. In reference of Amazon, it is highly popular among youth due to its tech savvy as
well as innovative services. With this, customers can order necessary commodities as their own
convenient place. It is analyzed that as per the survey, there are nearly 150.6 million mobile
users assess the app of Amazon in the year of 2019 in US. It is more than the number of uses in
2018 which was 63 million significantly. But, company needs to design activities in such a way

by which they can drive more customer satisfaction which further affect behavior of teams as
well as employees.
Technological Factors: In current scenario, companies need to adopt effective
techniques so that they can stay in market for longer run. In context of Amazon, it is a tech based
company which use innovative as well as creative approaches for ensuring higher customer
satisfaction (Noureddin and et. al., 2018). For this purpose, individuals within organization need
to adjust their working approaches as per new & advance technology. It will further improve
their performance as well as productivity in significant manner. On other side, team members
also need to coordinate with technological advancements for betterment of organization.
Legal Factors: There are a lot of legal implications imposed over companies so that
business can be run in smooth manner. In reference of Amazon, they need to follow different
rules & regulations such as business law, consumer protection law and more so that business can
be operated in an appropriate way. Here, behavior of individuals as well as teams within
company also governs with these legal implications. Due to legal implications, individual needs
to stay aware with different legislations to operate business successfully. Further, It will also
affect the behavior team as they need to obey the rules and regulations in prescribed manner.
Environmental Factors: Now, each & every organization is highly concern about
environment. So, they adopt such activities which are environment friendly. In this regards,
Amazon use sustainable approaches by minimizing the problem of emission. For this, managers
also need to prepare necessary strategies. It further affects behavior of individuals and teams at
work place in significant manner (Guterman, 2020). Here, both individual and teams need to
perform different activities is such a manner which are also good for environment.
Discuss measures which can be adopted to minimize negative impact of change management on
organizational behavior
It is often seen that employees are more likely to resist changes within organization as
due to this they need to improvise their existing working approaches. There are ample of
measures can be adopted to minimize these negative impacts which are mentioned as under:
System Theory: As per this theory, there should be proper communication between
superiors and subordinates so that a positive environment can be maintain at work place. For

making improvement, there are a lot of changes introduced by managers of company on regular
basis. In context of Amazon, managers undertake different techniques to bring operational
efficiency within organization. In addition, they also adopt necessary approaches so that
employees can coordinate with changes in an efficient manner (Rotow and Bivona, 2017). For
getting positive outcomes, leaders of Amazon make sure that they maintain proper
communication with employees in order to attain predefined objectives within stipulated period
of time.
Continuous improvement model: This model is based on continuous improvement
practice which is essential to make necessary improvements within organization. For this
purpose, there are a lot of factor examined by managers in order to prepare necessary strategies
for further betterment. In current competitive environment, it is vital to be prepare about
upcoming situations. Here, the model helps in making future anticipations which will further
facilitate improvements in company. In context of Amazon, managers analyze current market
trend on regular basis so that they can prepare appropriate strategies. By this way, managers not
only identify required changes but also communicate it to employees so that they get familiar
with organizational changes and work accordingly.
Motivation: Motivation is a process to enhance morale of employees so that they work
with full efficiency & productivity to attain organizational goals. By motivation, managers can
get desire work done from work force. Motivate employees not only work in better manner but
also stay with organization fir longer duration. There are different methods such as rewards,
recognition, acknowledgement, bonus, incentives and more used to enhance morale of staff
members (Butler, 2019). In reference of Amazon, they adopt appropriate approaches to keep
work force motivated towards goal. They introduce a lot of innovative practices for betterment of
company and also provide necessary motivation to work force so that they accept changes rather
resist it. So, motivation plays an imperative role in dealing with barriers of change management
within organization.
Leadership: It is analyzed that bring changes within company is not easy rather it may
create chaos at work place. Generally, employees have tendency to resist changes as they do not
want to switch over new approaches to perform the task. They wish to get stick with predefined
methods. In this condition, leaders might play a crucial role by providing appropriate guidance to

work force. With this, they will get to know about significance of changes. In reference of
Amazon, leaders guide staff members at each and every stage so that employees can coordinate
with change in an appropriate way. By proper leadership, positive attitude can be developed
among work force regarding change management which will be better for whole organization.
Employee engagement: Employees are vital resource for organization as they undertake
different functions for goal attainment of company. It is imperative to keep employees engage
with working practices of organization in order to ensure better outcomes. For this, managers
need to prepare appropriate strategies and keep work force motivated for enhancing their
involvement. In context of Amazon, managers ensure higher engagement of employees in
working approaches of company to drive positive results. By this way, they are able to bring
effective changes within organization that will lead it towards higher growth and success (Tarr,
2018). So, there are ample of measure can be adopted by organization in term of dealing with
negative impacts of change management. These strategies will not only help to get better results
but also help to develop positive attitude among employees that will lead company towards
future betterment.
Apply appropriate theories and models for evaluating organizational response to change
There are different theories such as system theory and more have been applied to
minimize negative impact of changes at work place. Apart from this, there are models such as
continuous improvement model have been used in order to deal with changes in an efficient
manner. It is analyzed that it is not an easy task to bring changes within company as it
significantly affects existing practices. So, there are certain models as well as theories adopted so
that organization can deal with changes in an appropriate way.
Discuss different barriers of changes along with their impact over leadership decision making in
organizational context
Change management is concern with introducing different approaches as well as
practices to perform a particular task. In current scenario, it is vital for each & every company to
identify needs of changes and apply it for future betterment. But, there are a lot of barriers arise
in introducing necessary changes within organization. For this purpose, force field analysis is
undertaken which is described under:

Evaluate current situation: It is the first step of force field analysis in which current
situation of organization is monitored by managers in terms of its strengths as well as weakness.
Here, managers acknowledge different issues & constraints which are being face by company in
current situation. Here, managers of Amazon adopt appropriate tools for identifying current
standing of company. It is analyzed that managers of Amazon carried out consistent evaluation
in order to gain understating about current market situation.
Define the objectives: Under this, staff managers determine goals and objectives for
introducing changes at work please. For this, Amazon identifies objectives for which they are
bringing changes which an organization. Amazon aims to meet with requirements of customers
in timely manner by providing prompt delivery of products.
Identifying driving forces: In this, those forces are included which are in favour of
bringing changes and will help to attain predefined objectives. In this regards, driving forces of
Amazon are enhancement and sales, increase in number of customers, improving current market
position and so on (Jones and Clarke, 2019).
Identifying restraining forces: Under this, those factors are included which create
challenges in goal achievement of change management. For Amazon, restraining forces are

change in current organizational structure, adverse attitude of employees, resistance of workforce
and more.
Evaluate the forces: For a company, it is also imperative to evaluate both restraining as
well as driving forces to prepare appropriate strategies. In this, managers grant certain scores to
each and every force on the basis of their influence over company. Here, managers of Amazon
also provide score to each and every force by evaluating their impact over company.
Develop an action plan: Under this step, complete action plan is developed on the basis
of above evaluation so that organization can achieve predefined objectives for future betterment
of business. In this, Amazon prepares a complete action plan based on above information for
gaining growth and success in future period of time.
Barriers of changes
Lack of employee involvement: At initial level, employee’s generally resist changes due
to fear of lay off, change in current roles and responsibilities, change in current working
approaches and so on (Hampden-Turner and Trompenaars, 2020). For this, managers of Amazon
need to provide complete guidance as well as support to employee’s in order to bring necessary
changes at work please.
Lack of communication: It is often seen that due to presence of wider hierarchical
structure, there is lack of communication between superiors and subordinates in organization. It
might enhance confusion and ambiguity among workforce which will result to reduction in their
overall productivity. In this regard, managers of Amazon need to maintain proper
communication with subordinates for bringing positive changes within organization.
Insufficient leadership: Leadership plays a crucial role in enhancing morale of
employees and engages them in organizational changes. Sometimes, leaders are not able to
provide proper guidance to staff members which might put adverse impact on their overall
productivity (Berno, 2017). So, leaders of Amazon are required to render proper guidance and
support to work foods so that they can drive positive outcomes from change management model.

With above discussion, it is stated that there are a lot of constraints arise while company
introduce changes in existing working approach. These barriers are related to lack of employee
involvement, motivation, communication and more. With appropriate strategies, entity can deal
with these barriers in better way for maximizing current level of growth and potential.
Use force field analysis to identify driving as well as resisting forces and also depict their impact
over decision making process
Driving forces
 Increase in demand of different products which are being offered by Amazon on its
ecommerce website.
 Introducing technical advancements within organization for maintaining higher level of
operational efficiency and productivity.
Restraining forces
 Lack of engagement of employees as they still want to get stick with predefined
approaches of performing task.
 Enhancement in overall cost due to arranging appropriate training sessions for
employees.
It is sated that managers will take the decision in favor of driving forces as it will help to
bring more revenue as well as profitability. On other side, they will prepare appropriate
strategies to deal with resisting factors in an efficient manner.
Apply different approaches of leadership for dealing with changes in context organization
Transformational leadership: It is a new approach of leadership under which managers
provide complete guidance to work force regarding each & every aspect. In this, leaders
formulate vision for keeping employees motivated towards organizational goals and objectives.
For instance, Jeff Bezos jobs in considered as transformational leader who inspires work force
and challenge them to think in different manner.
Advantages: This approach is helpful in maintaining better relationship between superiors
and subordinates. It helps to minimize turnover cost as employees stay with company fpr longer
duration.

Disadvantage: Sometimes it can lead towards wrong decision which might put negative
impact on overall organization.
Participative leadership: Here, leaders provide appropriate opportunities to employees to
take part in organizational activities. Under this, leaders believe in empowering work force by
giving them freedom to put their thoughts and opinions in decision making process of company.
By this way, they ensure to make proper utilization of capabilities as well as potential of staff
member for growth of organization (Hersted, 2020). For instance, Indra Nooyi founder of
PepsiCo is a good example of participative leadership as he allows employees to come ahead and
give necessary suggestions for betterment of business entity
Advantages: It facilitates effective collaboration between managers and subordinates so that
they can work in association with each other for betterment of business.
Disadvantages: In this, a lot of people are involved in decision making which not only enhance
the overall time of decision making but also considered as less consistent approach of decision
making.
Situational leadership: This is considered as most useful approach of leadership where
leaders need to behave as per the situation occurs at work place. There is not any predefined way
of taking decision. In this, decisions of leaders are influence with the circumstance. So, this
approach is more practical thus help to drive positive outcomes. For instance, Steve jobs is
considered as a situational leader who believes to take all the decision by analyzing situation in
an efficient manner.
Advantages: This style is vital for dealing with different kind of situations in an efficient manner.
In this, decisions of leaders are oriented towards situation.
Disadvantages: In this leadership style, there is lack of planning which might put adverse impact
over company.
Through above discussion, it is stated that leader of Amazon adopts transformational
leadership style with an aim to drive positive outcomes for ensuring growth and success of
business.
Kotter’s change Model

 Create Urgency: Under this, managers of Amazon need to have detail conversation with
staff members to get them familiar with changes. In this step, they also need to motivate
employees and create urgency regarding changes.
 Form coalition: At this stage, managers of respective company convince staff members
in such a way that they accept changes rather resisting (Handoko and et. al., 2018).
 Formulate vision: Here, managers of Amazon need to formulate a proper vision by
making necessary anticipations about future.
 Communicate vision: Formulating vision is not enough so respective company needs to
communicate vision to employees. It will help them to provide a proper direction to
employees so that they can attain set objectives.
 Remove obstacles: In this step, managers of respective organization need to identify the
obstacles and prepare necessary strategies to deal with those obstacles in an appropriate
way.
 Short term wins: Short term achievements are vital to stay employees motivated so that
they work for growth and betterment of organization.
 Build on changes: As per this, managers need to evaluate situation in proper manner for
undertaking necessary improvements for future betterment.
 Anchor the changes: It is the last step under which managers of respective company
need to ensure that changes are applied in predefined manner (Clark, 2017)
Discuss the way in which approaches of leadership can deliver effective organizational changes
along with application of appropriate tools and frameworks
For bringing positive changes in company, there are some approaches of leadership such
as transformational, participative and more are applied in an efficient manner. For this purpose,
Lewin’s Model is mentioned as under:
Unfreeze: This is the first step of model under which Amazon not only analyze needs of
changes but also communicate it to employees.
Change: At this stage, managers implement changes in real practice so that they can
develop positive attitude among work force regarding change management.

Refreeze: Under this, managers ensure that changes sustain in company for longer run
and employees do not get back to traditional approaches of performing task.

CONCLUSION
Out of above discussion, it is summarized that changes are part of daily operations of a
company. Without changes, it is not possible to run an organization in smooth manner. Changes
are also crucial for ensuring long term sustainability of business. It is concluded that there are a
lot of internal as well as external factors which need to consider by managers while planning to
bring changes within organization. There are several barriers faced by managers when they
introduce change practices. Discussion has been carried out regarding different mediums to
minimize negative impact of changes within organization. Further, there are ample of leadership
approaches and models such as Kotter’s change model, situational, transformational theory and
more used to deal with implications of changes in an efficient manner.

REFRENCES
Books and Journals
Berno, F., 2017. Notes on a Leading Minority: Gnostic Para-Religious Self-Understanding. Studi
e Materiali di Storia delle Religioni, 83(2).
Bridges, W. and Bridges, S., 2019. Transitions: Making sense of life's changes. Hachette UK.
Butler, T.N., 2019. Leading from the Middle: Understanding the Leadership Role of Mid-Level
Department Chairs at a Public Statewide Community College System (Doctoral
dissertation, Indiana University).
Clark, A., 2017. Listening to young children, expanded third edition: A guide to understanding
and using the mosaic approach. Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
DENENBERG, S.W.S., 2020. Ruling Out Physical Disorders Leading to Behavioural
Changes. Small Animal Veterinary Psychiatry, p.28.
Grove, S.K. and Gray, J.R., 2018. Understanding Nursing Research E-Book: Building an
Evidence-Based Practice. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Guterman, L., 2020. The Progression of Parenting and Childhood Leading to Developing an
Understanding of Unconditional Self-Acceptance. Hofstra University.
Hampden-Turner, C. and Trompenaars, F., 2020. Riding the waves of culture: Understanding
diversity in global business. Hachette UK.
Handoko and et. al., 2018. Understanding heterogeneous electrocatalytic carbon dioxide
reduction through operando techniques. Nature Catalysis, 1(12), pp.922-934.
Hersted, L., 2020. Working with Relational Leading and Meaning Making in Teams of
Leaders. The Sage Handbook of Social Constructionist Practice, p.235.
Jones, C.F. and Clarke, E.C., 2019. Engineering approaches to understanding mechanisms of
spinal column injury leading to spinal cord injury. Clinical biomechanics, 64, pp.69-81.
Noureddin and et. al., 2018. NASH leading cause of liver transplant in women: updated analysis
of indications for liver transplant and ethnic and gender variances. American Journal of
Gastroenterology, 113(11), pp.1649-1659.
Rolfes, S.R., Pinna, K. and Whitney, E., 2020. Understanding normal and clinical nutrition.
Cengage learning.
Rotow, J. and Bivona, T.G., 2017. Understanding and targeting resistance mechanisms in
NSCLC. Nature Reviews Cancer, 17(11), p.637.
Siapera, E., 2017. Understanding new media. Sage.

Snell, L.M., McGaha, T.L. and Brooks, D.G., 2017. Type I interferon in chronic virus infection
and cancer. Trends in immunology, 38(8), pp.542-557.
Tarr, G.A., 2018. Understanding state constitutions. Princeton University Press.
Wallensteen, P., 2018. Understanding conflict resolution. Sage.