Project Complexity Analysis: A Report for University Students

This report delves into the multifaceted concept of project complexity, exploring the necessity of studying it even when reductionist approaches offer simpler alternatives. It investigates the consequences of failing to recognize complexity, providing examples like medical professionals' challenges in understanding brain complexity and difficulties in big data analysis. The report then examines the application of systems techniques in addressing real-world problems, specifically land acquisition for new facilities and dealing with student plagiarism. It discusses techniques such as land acquisition through county management, easements, and covenants. In the context of plagiarism, the report highlights the importance of proper citation and the use of various style guides, along with techniques to avoid plagiarism such as the usage of quotation marks and paraphrasing techniques to prevent plagiarism. The report emphasizes the importance of understanding complexity in various contexts, from project management to academic integrity. This document is contributed by a student and available on Desklib, a platform offering AI-based study tools for students.

Running head: PROJECT COMPLEXITY
Project Complexity
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

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Table of Contents
1. Why do we study complexity when a reductionist approach offers a simpler alternative?...2
2. What are the consequences if we do not recognize complexity? Provide two examples to
illustrate your points...................................................................................................................3
3. Comment on the use of systems techniques to address the following problems:..................4
Acquiring a large tract of land for a new facility...................................................................4
Dealing with student plagiarism.............................................................................................5
References..................................................................................................................................7

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1. Why do we study complexity when a reductionist approach offers a
simpler alternative?
Reductionist approach in any kind of project is a concept that is provided to the
understanding of the complex things that are mostly related to the complexity of any process
or project (Chen 2016). After the understanding of the complexity in a project or a process is
identified, it helps in the reduction of the interactions in the paths of the complexity and helps
in the breaking down of the complex portions so that they can be reduced into further simpler
or further into the fundamental things that might help in the understanding of the project or
the process in a simpler way of visualizing them. This is justified in the form of the approach
for reducing the complexity in the projects or the process, but instead, the approaches of the
complexity phase is also found to be learned.
Complexity and the approaches to the complexity procedure are learned to understand
how difficult can the system be while they are being learned. During the particular study of
the complex systems, it is found that the procedure consists of the collection of all the data in
the system that is related to find out why the system is termed to be a complex one and also to
find out the algorithms of the complexity (Battiston et al. 2016). Complexity is another
approach towards the science of understanding that helps in identifying the dynamic systems
in relation to the simpler ones. The understanding helps in identifying the simpler systems
from the complex ones and also helps in differentiating the complex systems from the simpler
systems. This is why is has been termed as an opposite form of the study in reductionism that
is mostly used for the finding out of the requirement for the complexity in any kind of
system. Even if the reductionism approach helps in reducing the complexity of the system, it
also needs to be understood why the complex system arises and this is why even after the
simpler forms of the complex systems are available due to the reductionist approaches the

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study of complexity is necessary. Since, without the understanding of the complexity,
reduction cannot be done to turn the system into a simpler form. Therefore, even after the
studying of reductionist approach, the study of complexity is necessary.
2. What are the consequences if we do not recognize complexity? Provide
two examples to illustrate your points.
Complexity, according to several researchers have been identified as the most
important aspect where the importance of the science of understanding complexity is
extremely necessary. Complexity is also regarded as a science according to various authors as
it is a process of research that utilizes the ideation of the dynamics in a system that are mostly
non-linear in nature. Simplest understanding behind a much complex system is also necessary
as the understanding of complexity helps in the determination of the systems that require its
applications to different zones of studies as well (Butz 2018). The understanding of
complexity also helps in determining the reasons of failures behind even more complex
systems. Understanding complexity is needful to understand the reason behind the occurrence
of the complexity. According to the understanding of the complexities behind the different
complex systems, it can also be said that there might be several risky situations in the
understanding of the complex systems if these systems cannot be identified of their
complexity. Consequences can also arise because of these situations and there might be
difficult to handle if the reasons behind the complexity is not understood.
For example, the human brain is considered as a complex system. There might be
chances that the complexity in the human brain is unable to be identified by a medical
professional as the study of the complexity theory is not conducted for the human brain
(Sanbonmatsu and Johnston 2019). Inability of a medical professional in understanding the
complexity of the human brain would be a huge problem as they would have challenges in

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identifying the reasons behind the complexity in the human brain and the ways by which any
ailment occurring in the brain can be approached for a solution. The understanding of the
complexity is also identified as the understanding of the patterns in the systems that makes it
complex as a situation for the occurrences of the complex behaviours. Unable to understand
the patterns also relates to the inability of understanding of the ways by which the complexity
can be reduced by finding out the sequence and algorithms behind the patterns. As for
example, it can be justified with the representation of the big data analysis as it is also
regarded as a complex process (Helbing 2015). Without finding out the patterns in the
gathering of the huge amount of generated data in complex big data analysis, it is impossible
to find out a solution or a formal pattern in the entire generated information.
3. Comment on the use of systems techniques to address the following
problems:
Acquiring a large tract of land for a new facility
One of the most appropriate technique for protecting lands is by acquiring them and
placing them under the County management. The recent programs that fall under the
acquisition of land roots back to 1972 Ehen the Pinellas County began the Red Flag Charette
and some specific processes so as to identify the specific targets through environmentally
sensitive preservation and conservation of land through the acquisition of county (Demarchi
et al.2014). The acquisition of land is one of the most common and familiar process. Land is
regarded as one of the identified and appraised property whose price can be negotiated while
establishing the escrow and transferring the titles. The necessary steps that are required in
order to acquire land can be completed by means of agency of the federal government or by
means of non-profit organizations in cooperation of one or more than one federal agencies.
Land can also be acquired by means of joint ventures that occur between the federal and state

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agencies or the local agencies. The ranges of options and methods that are available for
acquiring lands are often estimated in terms of gross. These methods or techniques include
reservation of the interest in future in the management field or by means of gaining
ownership of the property. The technique also includes reversion of the ownership if in case it
is seen that the agreement in the management is violated, or by conveyance of partial interest
or by enforcing the right of entry to reversion (Phuc, Van Westen and Zoomers 2014). The
acquisition of land for new facility also includes techniques like easements and covenants.
Other techniques that includes in this context have resulted from the estate planning, statues
and by creativity which includes leases, zoning, purchasing, selling back arrangements,
agreements between the managements, installing sales, holding options for purchasing ,
providing rights of first refusal, covenants prohibiting sales, transferring trust, developing
rights and by means of scenic easements. In the context of acquisition of land, about 128
legal articles have been published in the last 15 years based on less than fee acquisition and
conservation technique. Many of the published articles deals with the conservation of
easements and by similar techniques in special context like highway scenic easements,
preservation of agricultural land, historic preservation and conservation and many more. The
choice of method or technique that needs to be used for acquisition of land depends on the
desired goal that needs to be achieved. The kind of interest includes partial interest such as
the transfer of development rights or acquisition of easements while restricting the use of
lands leading to sufficient preservation of open spaces, forests or farmlands that might be
inadequate when the access of public is desired.
Dealing with student plagiarism
Plagiarism is a factor with the student that is specified as an endless problem for the
academic field. It includes judging from a number of articles, forum discussions or blog posts
based on the topic of plagiarism. The concept of plagiarism is somewhat simple and can

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involve stealing of the exact use of the words or even the ideas of another person without
giving proper credit or acknowledgement (Gupta 2016). There are a number of ways and
techniques so as to formally cite the academic works while publishing to the outer world
(Glendinning 2014). This depends entirely on the thought process of the professors and the
discipline or particular academic organizations and maintain the policies for the institutes,
and even may include the endnotes, footnotes or even the parenthetical citations that are
included are often favored. Various style guides are also available that can be recommended
as a part of techniques that includes the Modern Language Association or its abbreviated
form, MLA formatting. Others include the American Psychological Association or its
abbreviated form, the APA formatting and many more. Similarly, the Chicago style book
formatting is also a technique that can be accessed online. As a measure to avoid plagiarism,
the most simple and key technique is by making sure that the sources that are used are cited
clearly. However, not providing credits for the style may not be ideal but it brings ups the
plagiarism charges in a high rate. Other different techniques that can be stated as a part of
different types of plagiarism issues can be stated as follows-
 For verbatism plagiarism adequate quotation marks along with citation should be
used.
 For Mosaic plagiarism, separate source materials along with clear attribution should
be used.
 In case of inadequate paraphrasing resulting in plagiarism it is needed that the original
text should be quoted directly along with the attribution.
 In case of Uncited paraphrasing, it is recommended to use proper citation either
before to or right after the paraphrased section.

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References
Battiston, S., Farmer, J.D., Flache, A., Garlaschelli, D., Haldane, A.G., Heesterbeek, H.,
Hommes, C., Jaeger, C., May, R. and Scheffer, M., 2016. Complexity theory and financial
regulation. Science, 351(6275), pp.818-819.
Butz, M.R., 2018. Chaos and complexity: Implications for psychological theory and practice.
CRC Press.
Chen, H.T., 2016. Interfacing theories of program with theories of evaluation for advancing
evaluation practice: Reductionism, systems thinking, and pragmatic synthesis. Evaluation
and program planning, 59, pp.109-118.
Demarchi, L., Canters, F., Cariou, C., Licciardi, G. and Chan, J.C.W., 2014. Assessing the
performance of two unsupervised dimensionality reduction techniques on hyperspectral
APEX data for high resolution urban land-cover mapping. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry
and Remote Sensing, 87, pp.166-179.
Glendinning, I., 2014. Responses to student plagiarism in higher education across
Europe. International Journal for Educational Integrity, 10(1).
Gupta, D., 2016. Study on Extrinsic Text Plagiarism Detection Techniques and
Tools. Journal of Engineering Science & Technology Review, 9(5).
Helbing, D., 2015. Thinking ahead-essays on big data, digital revolution, and participatory
market society (Vol. 10). Cham: Springer.
Phuc, N.Q., Van Westen, A.C.M. and Zoomers, A., 2014. Agricultural land for urban
development: The process of land conversion in Central Vietnam. Habitat International, 41,
pp.1-7.

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Sanbonmatsu, D.M. and Johnston, W.A., 2019. Redefining Science: The Impact of
Complexity on Theory Development in Social and Behavioral Research. Perspectives on
Psychological Science, p.1745691619848688.